| Xocó | |
| Also Known As: | Shoko |
| Extinct: | Last half of 20th century |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Family: | Unclassified; not clear if a single language |
| Iso3: | none |
| Iso3comment: | erroneously subsumed under [kzw] |
| Glotto: | xoco1235 |
| Glottoname: | Xoco |
Xocó (Chocó, Shokó) is a dead and poorly attested language or languages of Brazil that is not known to be related to other languages. It is known from three populations: Xokó (Chocó) in Sergipe, Kariri-Xocó (Kariri-Shoko, Cariri-Chocó) in Alagoas, and Xukuru-Kariri (Xucuru-Kariri, Xucuru-Cariri) in Alagoas. It is not clear if these were one language or three. It is only known from a few dozen words from one Kariri-Xoco elder and three Xukuru-Kariri elders in 1961.
It was originally spoken along the Piancó River is an area that is now a suburb of Porto Real do Colégio.[1]
In ISO encoding, the language was conflated with the Kariri family as ISO 639-3 [kzw] 'Karirí-Xocó'; Ethnologue does not indicate if this was a conscious decision.
Xoco, Xukuru, and Kariri are all common generic names in the region. See Kariri languages.
Chocó (Xocó) vocabulary collected in Colégio, Alagoas:[2]
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Chocó | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fogo | fire | atsá, tsá | |
| água | water | taká | |
| cachimbo | smoking pipe | pupú | |
| homem | man | mãjikêô |
Note: Loukotka (1968) transcribes 'man' as mazyikeːoː.
Five Xukuru-Kariri word lists collected by Menno Kroeker in Alagoas in 1961 are published in Meader (1978).[3]
Words recorded from an elderly male pajé (shaman) in Porto Real do Colégio:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xukuru-Kariri | |
|---|---|---|---|
| chuva | rain | sèhóιdzˈὲʔà | |
| fumo | smoke | bˈázè | |
| lua | moon | kˈriũavi | |
| mandioca | gˈrïgɔ | ||
| menino | boy | semˈentiais | |
| mulher | woman | spˈikwais | |
| rio | river | oːpˈara | |
| sol | sun | kràšùtˈó | |
| terra | earth | aːtsιhˈi | |
| vento | wind | mə̀núsˈi | |
| batata | potato | dˈódsákà | |
| cachimbo | smoking pipe | catʔokə | |
| Colégio (cidade) | Colégio (city) | simidˈo | |
| deus | God | sõsˈeh | |
| dinheiro | money | mεrεkiˈa | |
| farinha | flour | tˈónà | |
| feijão | bean | nˈódsákà | |
| gado | cattle | krˈazɔ | |
| galinha | chicken | cáːkìʔ | |
| luz | light | kápˈòèr | |
| ovelha | sheep | sábˈòèR | |
| peru | turkey | brεfˈεlia | |
| porco | pig | korˈe | |
| soldado | soldier | òlˈófò |
Words recorded from Alfredo Caboquim, a pajé (shaman), and his brother Miguel Caboquim in Fazenda Conta, Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xukuru-Kariri | |
|---|---|---|---|
| carne de boi | beef | ˈbeiñõ | |
| chuva | rain | šualya | |
| dê-me fogo para o cigarro | Give me fire for the cigarette. | àòšˈínòʔ ìnˈísìà sˈèdàià | |
| lua / moça | moon / girl | seːya | |
| mãe | mother | isá | |
| milho | corn | matˈilya | |
| não (mentira) | no (lie) | eːyo | |
| nariz | nose | nˈəmbi | |
| pai | dad | étfˈὲ | |
| anzol | fish hook | èáyˈɔ̀ / alyɔ (?) | |
| batata | potato | dˈotsakə | |
| bebida de mandioca | manioc drink | gúlížˈɔ̀ (gálížˈɔ̀) | |
| bode | goat | filˈisakə | |
| boi | ox | léfétˈìa | |
| cachorro | dog | it(ə)lˈo | |
| cachorro de brinquedo | toy dog | ìt(ə)lˈó tə̀núnšweˈì | |
| dança indígena | indigenous dance | áʔálˈèndà | |
| deus | God | àʔúdéódályˈà | |
| estrangeiro | foreigner, stranger | kóbˈè | |
| farinha | flour | tititsia | |
| feijão | bean | nˈatsakə | |
| folga dos índios | indigenous holiday | arikulilyˈa / kèːšátíkáˈya (?) | |
| fumando cachimbo | to smoke a pipe | puèpùˈa | |
| galinha | chicken | sˈetˈáduàlyà | |
| gato | cat | atašeškia | |
| índia | indigenous woman | sétsˈòníká | |
| lagarto | lizard | šˈua atˈežo / tˈeyu (?) | |
| mulato | mulatι̃nkya | ||
| negro | black person | tùpíə̃̀nkyà | |
| padre | father | ĩŋklaˈišoa | |
| (pausa) – considerando as palavras | pause (when thinking of words) | ə̃hə̃ | |
| peru | turkey | aotˈisakə | |
| porco | pig | àːlˈé | |
| praia (?) | beach (?) | práiˈà | |
| quarto de homem | men's quarters | subεbˈe | |
| como vai? | How are you? | àkàkˈáumà | |
| vou bem, obrigado | I am fine, thank you. | íkàkˈə́ | |
| senhor | sir | ˈĩŋklai | |
| vamos embora | Let's go. | òːšˈóuà | |
| homem mais velho | older man | tošˈa / aošιnə̃ŋklainšoa taškiˈa |
Words recorded from an elderly farmer in Fazenda Conta, Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xukuru-Kariri | |
|---|---|---|---|
| água | water | oiyˈa | |
| carne de boi | beef | aòtˈísiə̀ | |
| fogo | fire | tóˈè | |
| aguardente | kóšákˈà | ||
| bode | goat | sákúlˈὲ, sákúlˈègò | |
| bonito | beautiful | atilišˈĩ | |
| brancos | white people | ə̃́nkláʔˈì | |
| cabelo crespo (de negro) | curly hair (of black people) | tuʔˈĩ | |
| café | coffee | tópˈì | |
| cigarro | cigarette | àlísíˈàx | |
| índio | indigenous man / person | sέtsˈò | |
| mãe de Jesus | mother of Jesus (Virgin Mary) | kwə́ntópˈə̃̀ atoayˈə | |
| negra | black man | (i)atuayˈa | |
| negro | black woman | túpíyˈà | |
| porco | pig | šíə̃̀ntì | |
| tatu | rṍmpˈə̀tì |
Words recorded from João Candido da Silva, a young farmer in Fazenda Conta, Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xukuru-Kariri | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fumo | smoke | šíšúˈà | |
| dança | dance | arikurˈi | |
| deus | God | dédùˈá / íŋklàˈíx |
Words recorded from José Fermino da Silva of Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xukuru-Kariri | |
|---|---|---|---|
| água | water | óiyˈàh | |
| fogo para o cigarro | fire for cigarette | tòˈéh asendendisi / tòˈéh pàrə̀ns-ˈíáx | |
| batata | potato | dˈótsákà | |
| branco | white person | kràiʔˈé | |
| caboclo | sǽtsˈùx | ||
| cachimbo | smoking pipe | pua / pue | |
| deus | God | dèdˈúa | |
| feijão | bean | nˈótsákà | |
| negra | black | kòbˈéh | |
| obrigado | thank you | bèréˈɔ́ | |
| pau (claraíba) | claraíba tree | frˈéžɔ̀ìž | |
| pau (d'arco) | Tabebuia tree | paìpˈέ |