| Sinŭiju | |
| Native Name Lang: | ko |
| Settlement Type: | Municipal city |
| Translit Lang1: | |
| Translit Lang1 Type1: | Chosŏn'gŭl |
| Translit Lang1 Type2: | Hancha |
| Translit Lang1 Info1: | 신의주시 |
| Translit Lang1 Info3: | Sinuiju-si |
| Translit Lang1 Info4: | Sinŭiju-si |
| Flag Size: | 120px |
| Blank Emblem Size: | 115px |
| Blank Emblem Type: | Emblem |
| Motto: | The emblem Magnolia. |
| Pushpin Map: | North Korea |
| Coordinates: | 40.1°N 148°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | North P'yŏngan |
| Parts Type: | Administrative divisions |
| Parts: | 49 tong, 9 ri |
| Area Total Km2: | 180 |
| Population Total: | 359,341[1] |
| Population As Of: | 2008 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Dialect |
| Population Blank1: | P'yŏngan |
| Timezone: | Pyongyang Time |
| Utc Offset: | +9 |
| Blank Name: | Flower |
| Blank1 Name: | Tree |
| Blank2 Name: | Bird |
Sinŭiju (; pronounced as /ko/), is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China, across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of the city is included in the Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region, which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years, the city, despite lagging behind the development in the capital Pyongyang, has seen a small construction boom and increasing tourism from China.[2]
Sinŭiju is bordered by the Amnok River, and by P'ihyŏn and Ryongch'ŏn counties. The city's altitude is 1 metre (4 feet) above sea level. There are several islands at the mouth of the Amnok River - Wihwa-do, Rim-do, Ryuch'o-do and Tongryuch'o-do.
Sinuiju city is the heart of the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region. The city is currently divided into 49 tong (neighbourhoods) and 9 ri (villages):
| Name | Hanja | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-1-dong (O-il-dong) | 5-1동 (오일동) | ||
| Apkang-dong | 압강동 | ||
| Chaeha-dong | 채하동 | ||
| Chinseon 1-dong | 친선1동 | ||
| Chinseon 2-dong | 친선2동 | ||
| Cheongsong-dong | 청송동 | ||
| Haebang-dong | 해방동 | ||
| Kaehyeok-dong | 개혁동 | ||
| Koseong-dong | 고성동 | ||
| Keunhwa-dong | 근화동 | ||
| Majeon-dong | 마전동 | ||
| Minpho-dong | 민포동 | ||
| Namha-dong | 남하동 | ||
| Namjung-dong | 남중동 | ||
| Nammin-dong | 남민동 | ||
| Namsang-dong | 남상동 | ||
| Namseo-dong | 남서동 | ||
| Namsong-dong | 남송동 | ||
| Baekun-dong | 백운동 | ||
| Baeksa-dong | 백사동 | ||
| Baekto-dong | 백토동 | ||
| Bangjik-tong | 방직동 | ||
| Bonbu-dong | 본부동 | ||
| Panmun-dong | 판문동 | ||
| Pungseo 1-dong | 풍서1동 | ||
| Pungseo 2-dong | 풍서2동 | ||
| Pyeonghwa-dong | 평화동 | ||
| Ragwon 1-dong | 락원1동 | ||
| Ragwon 2-dong | 락원2동 | ||
| Rakcheong 1-dong | 락청1동 | ||
| Rakcheong 2-dong | 락청2동 | ||
| Ryeonsang 1-dong | 련상1동 | ||
| Ryeonsang 2-dong | 련상2동 | ||
| Ryusang 1-dong | 류상1동 | ||
| Ryusang 2-dong | 류상2동 | ||
| Sinnam-dong | 신남동 | ||
| Sinpo-dong | 신포동 | ||
| Sinwon-dong | 신원동 | ||
| Seokha 1-dong | 석하1동 | ||
| Seokha 2-dong | 석하2동 | ||
| Songhan-dong | 송한동 | ||
| Seonsang-dong | 선상동 | ||
| Sumun-dong | 수문동 | ||
| Dongha-dong | 동하동 | ||
| Dongjung-dong | 동중동 | ||
| Dongsang-dong | 동상동 | ||
| Wai-dong | 와이동 | ||
| Yeokcheon-dong | 역전동 | ||
| Yeonha-dong | 연하동 | ||
| Jungjae-ri | 중재리 | ||
| Hadan-ri | 하단리 | ||
| Ryucho-ri | 류초리 | ||
| Samgyo-ri | 삼교리 | ||
| Samryong-ri | 삼룡리 | ||
| Sangdan-ri | 상단리 | ||
| Seongseo-ri | 성서리 | ||
| Daji-ri | 다지리 | ||
| Toseong-ri | 토성리 |
Developed as a major settlement during the colonial rule at the terminus of a railway bridge across the Amrok River, Sinuiju is located 11 km (7 miles) south by southwest of Ŭiju, the old city from whose name Sinŭiju (meaning “New Ŭiju”) derives. As an open port, it grew commercially with the logging industry which uses the Amnok River to transport lumber. Additionally, a chemical industry developed after the hydroelectric Sup'ung Dam was built further up the river.
In the course of the Korean War, after being driven from P'yŏngyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinŭiju[3] [4] - although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved - this time to Kanggye. Also, the city sustained heavy damage from aerial bombardment as part of the United States Air Force's strategic bombing of North Korea; 95 percent of the city was destroyed.[5] However, the city has since been rebuilt.
In 2018, a master plan for the redevelopment of the city was unveiled and shown to Kim Jong Un, which would have featured many high rise buildings and parks, centered around the road leading to the statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. Ultimately, this plan has yet to be fulfilled, with the only major work completed being the repaving of roads leading to the statues and the red coloured, circular apartment building behind and the Sinuiju Youth Open Air Theatre's completion, although the industrial areas in the city have seen some reconstruction.[6]
An important light industry centre in North Korea, Sinŭiju has a plant manufacturing enamelled ironware as well as a textile mill, paper mill and an afforestation factory. Its southwest harbour has a shipyard, although the shipyard's main function is seemingly to dismantle ships for scrap metal and other usable materials rather than building new ships. The area has recycling plants which recycle a wide range of material, including products that are banned for recycling in China.[7] [8] [9] The Sinŭiju Cosmetics Factory is located in South Sinŭiju (Namsinŭiju).
A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Sinuiju and Dandong, across the Yalu River.[10]
Since 2002, commercial life has been centred on the Chaeha-dong Market.[11] Based on a satellite image taken on 30 October 2012, the market has been destroyed and is being made into a new park.[11]
Sinŭiju can be reached from P'yŏngyang by air, railway and road. It can be reached from Dandong in China by crossing the Amnok River by bridge or boat. Foreign tourists on excursion boats from Dandong are sometimes permitted to approach within a few meters of the city's coastline, as long as they do not land.[12]
Sinŭiju's airport has a single turf runway 03/21 measuring 991 metres by 61 metres (3250 feet by 213 feet).[13] Air Koryŏ operates passenger and cargo flights from P'yŏngyang.
Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn Station is the northern terminus of the Korean State Railway's P'yŏngŭi Line from P'yŏngyang; the district is also served by several other stations on the P'yŏngŭi line, as well as the Tŏkhyŏn and Paengma lines. It is also connected with the Chinese city of Dandong in Liaoning Province (China) by the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge, which is 944m (3,097feet) long from end to end, and through the Manchuria Railway links up with the Trans-Siberian railway. The factories of the city of Sinŭiju are provided with railway service via the Kang'an Line.
Sinuiju has a trolleybus line that runs from the city centre to the railway station. It was reopened in October 2020 with new trolleybuses derived from the Pyongyang Chollima-321 trolleybus. It formerly had another line running from the Sinuiju Chongnyon Station to Ragwon Machine Complex that closed between 2005 and 2009 with the reconstruction of the highway with a shifted alignment.[14]
Sinŭiju has a monsoonal humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) with hot, humid and stormy summers and cold, dry winters with little snowfall.
Facilities in Sinŭiju include Sinŭiju High School, Sinŭiju Commercial High School, Eastern Middle School, Sinŭiju Light Industry University, Sinŭiju University of Medicine and the Sinuiju University of Education. Scenic sites include the Tonggun Pavilion, Waterfall, and Hot Springs.
There also is a Ferris wheel overlooking the Yalu River, reportedly broken.[15]