Kata (型 or 形 literally: "form"?) is an old way of teaching traditional martial arts in Japan. Kata are used in many modern and koryū martial arts as a way of teaching advanced techniques and maneuvers using a series of scripted movements and actions against an opponent. In many of the older koryū martial arts, kata are at the center of what is taught with little or even no sparring as compared to more modern martial arts such as kendo and/or judo
The modern Shintō Musō-ryū system holds approximately 64[1] [2] jō kata divided into several series. All forms are normally taught in sequence. In some SMR dojos, new students begin their kata training by learning one or more kata from the Seitei Jodo-curriculum[2] due to their relative technical simplicity.
As a comparison, the compact Seitei Jodo created by Shimizu Takaji contains 12 forms.[2] Ten of these kata are drawn from the existing SMR kata with minor modifications,[2] and 2 other kata created specifically for Seitei Jodo. The two specific Seitei jodo are taught in various SMR dojos outside the main series of Kata.
As Shinto Musō-ryū has no current single leader,[2] there exists no strict consensus regarding which order the kata should be taught, though the traditional order when applied is Omote, chudan, ran ai, kage, samidare Gohon (not in every dojo), okuden and hiden gokui. The kata-series Gohon no midare was created by Shimizu Takaji[2] in the late 1930s and is not taught by every Dojo.The number of kata in each series is also not strictly defined by any single organisation. The Chudan series counts twelve kata plus one variant thus pushing the actual number of kata performed to thirteen.
The list of kata series below is mainly from the Shimizu Takaji-line of Shinto Musō-ryū Jodo.
is the first earliest series of kata taught to new students.[2] The two Seitei Jodo kata are taught in some dojos before Tachi Otoshi, although not always. Tzuki Zue is also sometimes used as a first kata taught to new students.
(1) Tsuki Zue (In some dojos)
(2) Suigetsu (In some dojos)
(3) Shamen (In some dojos)
is the second earliest series of Jo-kata.
a new series of Jo-kata, created in the bakumatsu period (1850–1867). It is taught as the third series in most SMR-dojos today. The series was developed inone of the three lines of SMR of the time. The series contain two kata, both nearly identical in movements but performedwith the long and short sword respectively.
is the third earliest series of jo-kata (though taught as the fourth series in most SMR-dojos today). Holds the same names as the omote series. The variants are variously called zen/go or omote/ura
The fourth earliest series of jo-kata.The number of kata in this series are sometimes counted as having five kata plus one variant.
is a new series of jo-kata created and added to the SMR-system byShimizu Takaji around 1939. The series is taught as number six in the total of eight kata-series in most SMR-dojos today. Gohon is not part of the traditional system though it is being taughtby most SMR-groups.
Fifth earliest series of Jo-kata, taught as series number seven in most SMR-dojos today. This list is shown in the order taught by Shimizu Takaji and many of his students today, though not necessarily by all SMR-groups. This series is the last one taught openly to an advanced student and only dedicated and mature students are allowed to study it.
The sixth traditional (eighth in the system taught by Shimizu Takaji and many of his students & descendants today) and last earliest known series of jo-kata, or secret forms, of the SMR system. After the first kata is taught the student receives a Menkyo scroll.[2] When all five kata have been taught the student is issued a full License of Total Transmission Menkyo Kaiden.