| Shimogamo Shrine 下鴨神社 | |
| Map Type: | Japan |
| Coordinates: | 35.0389°N 135.7725°W |
| Religious Affiliation: | Shinto |
| Type: | Shikinaisya Yamashiro no Kuni ichinomiya Twenty-Two Shrines Former kanpeitaisha Chokusaisha Beppyo jinja |
| Deity: | Tamakushi-hime (玉依姫命) Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto (賀茂建角身命) |
| Established: | 6th century |
| Location: | 59 Shimogamo Izumigawa-chō, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture |
| Architecture Style: | Nagare-zukuri |
| Festival: | Aoi Matsuri (Kamo no Matsuri; May 15th) |
is an important Shinto sanctuary in the Shimogamo district of Kyoto city's Sakyō ward. Its formal name is .[1] It is one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Japan and is one of the seventeen Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto which have been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The term Kamo-jinja in Japanese is a general reference to Shimogamo Shrine and Kamigamo Shrine, the traditionally linked Kamo shrines of Kyoto;[2] Shimogamo is the older of the pair, being believed to be 100 years older than Kamigamo, and dating to the 6th century, centuries before Kyoto became the capital of Japan (794, see Heian-kyō). The Kamo-jinja serve the function of protecting Kyoto from malign influences.[3]
The jinja name identifies the Kamo family of kami or deities who are venerated. The name also refers to the ambit of shrine's nearby woods, which are vestiges of the primeval forest of Tadasu no Mori. In addition, the shrine name references the area's early inhabitants, the Kamo clan, many of whom continue to live near the shrine their ancestors traditionally served.[4]
Shimogamo Shrine is dedicated to the veneration of and her father, . Tamayori-hime is the mother of, who was sired by .[5] [6] Kamigamo Shrine, the other of the two Kamo shrines of Kyoto, is dedicated to Kamo Wakeikazuchi. These kami are variously associated with thunder.
The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period.[7] Shimogamo, along with the Kamigamo Shrine, was designated as one of two chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) for the former Yamashiro Province.[8] In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to Japan's guardian kami, including Kamo-Tamayori-hime and Kamo-Taketsune.[9] The writer of Hōjōki,, was the second son of one of the head priests of the shrine, .[10] From 1871 through 1946, Shimogamo was officially designated one of the, meaning that it stood in the first rank of government supported shrines.[11] Today, it is one of the most visited sites during the new year, and the popular national pastime game of kemari is often played by Shinto priests.
A shrine structure was erected in 678 during the reign of the Emperor Tenmu, and this became the principal building during the reign or of the Emperor Kanmu when he removed the capital from Nara to Heian-kyō.[16]
Shimogamo Shrine (Lower Kamo Shrine) is believed to date to the 6th century.
A model of the Hut described in Hōjōki is located in Kawai Jinja section of the shrine.[17]