Jacksonville Sheriff's Office Explained

Agencyname:	Jacksonville Sheriff's Office
Abbreviation:	JSO
Patch:	Jacksonville, FL Sheriff-Police.jpg
Patchcaption:	JSO patch
Badge:	JSO Badge.png
Badgecaption:	JSO badge
Formedyear:	^[1]
Legaljuris:	Duval County
Budget:	$482 million (2020)^[2]
Country:	United States
Headquarters:	501 E. Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida
Stationtype:	Station
Map:	Map of Florida highlighting Duval County.svg
Chief1name:	T.K. Waters^[3]
Chief1position:	Sheriff
Unsworn:	800 civilians
Employees:	3,032 (2020)

The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office (JSO) is a joint city-county law enforcement agency, which has primary responsibility for law enforcement, investigation, and corrections within the consolidated City of Jacksonville and Duval County, Florida, United States. Duval County includes the incorporated cities of Jacksonville, Atlantic Beach, Baldwin, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach; the beach cities have their own police departments as well.

History

Jacksonville Police Department: 1822–1968

The first sheriff to be appointed in Jacksonville was James Dell in 1822 when Duval County was incorporated. A town ordinance in 1845 required all free males living in Jacksonville to participate in evening patrol duty. From 1865 to 1869 law enforcement was enforced by the continued occupation of the Union Army and t provost marshal and guard. A civilian Marshal was appointed as head of the department in 1871 along with the creation of the Captain of Police rank. The mayor appointed the captain who would then be confirmed by the city council. In 1887 the captain of police became known as chief of police. A new charter was also established in 1887 creating a board of police commissioners. The department was composed mostly of African Americans. House Bill No. 4 was passed by the Florida State Legislature allowing the Governor to abolish all offices in Jacksonville and to make new appointments to fill the vacancies. The police force in 1889 consisted of a chief, three officers and 24 patrolmen. The first patrol wagon, pulled by two horses, was used in 1895. In 1904, as the automobile became more popular, the speed limit was set at 6 miles per hour. The first automobile patrol car was established in 1911.^[4]

Jacksonville Sheriff's Office: 1968–present

In 1967 a mandate was given by residents of Jacksonville and Duval County with 65 percent of the votes cast in favor of consolidating the city (Jacksonville Police Department) and county governments (Duval County Sheriff's Office). On October 1, 1968, the two governmental bodies were replaced with "a single unified government", the new organization, the Office of the Sheriff – Jacksonville Police, paralleled the name of the new jurisdiction. The four other municipalities within Duval County retained their own police departments. However, the Baldwin city council voted to disband their police department by 2007; at midnight on March 13, 2006, the sheriff's office took over responsibility of police services.^[5]

Starting in the late 1980s, the agency adopted the Glock 17 9×19mm pistol as their sidearm. The agency still issues Glock 17s as the sidearm.

On June 2, 2022, Mike Williams announced his retirement a year prior to the end of his second term. He moved his residence to nearby Nassau County in 2021 despite a Jacksonville Charter rule that requires elected officials to live in Duval County. Williams considered filing suit to challenge the law but decided against it. Public criticism that the leader of law enforcement was violating the rules forced Williams to make a choice. Williams stated that his last day would be June 10. Undersheriff Pat Ivey was appointed by Governor Ron DeSantis to replace Williams, and was sworn in on June 11, 2022. A special election was held August 23. No candidate received 50% of the vote, so a runoff was held on November 8, 2022.^[6] T.K. Waters (R) beat Lakesha Burton (D) 55%-45% on the November 8th election. Waters was sworn in on Sunday, November 20, 2022, in front of his church congregation.

Elected Sheriffs

• 1903–1904 John Price
• 1913–1915 W. H. "Ham" Dowling
• 1924–1928 W. B. Cahoon^[7]
• 1932–1957 Rex Sweat
• 1957–1958 William Alpheus "Al" Cahill^[8]
• 1958–1986 Dale George Carson^[9]
• 1986–1996 Jim McMillan
• 1996–2004 Nat Glover
• 2004–2015 John Rutherford
• 2015–2022 Mike Williams^[10]
• June–November 2022 Pat Ivey ^[11]
• November 2022 – present T.K. Waters^[12]

Organization

The JSO is headed by the sheriff, a Florida constitutional officer elected to a four-year term. By virtue of Jacksonville's consolidated city-county status, the sheriff combines the functions of police chief of Jacksonville and sheriff of Duval County. He is one of the few popularly elected police chiefs in the country.

The sheriff appoints his own senior staff from Undersheriff to Assistant Chiefs. All sworn members of the JSO are sworn in by the sheriff and are considered under the Florida constitution as his/her deputies. All sworn members of the JSO are Law Enforcement Officers (LEO) or Correctional Officers with all powers allowed by state law to carry firearms and make arrest. JSO also employs Community Service Officers, who are unsworn personnel that respond to primarily traffic-related incidents not requiring the full police powers of a sworn officer.

Departments

The Sheriff's Office is divided into five departments, each sub-divided into divisions, sections, units, and squads. Each department is commanded by a director with the rank director of a department. Each division is commanded by a chief. The department and its sections are as follows.

Department of Patrol & Enforcement

There are three divisions in this department, and is headed by the Director of Patrol and Enforcement

Patrol Division

Commanded by the Chief of Patrol who oversees the six patrol zones, each headed by an Assistant Chief/District Commander.

• District 1: Downtown, Springfield, Eastside, San Marco, Riverside
• District 2: Arlington, Intercoastal West
• District 3: Southside, Mandarin, E-Town
• District 4: Avondale, Ortega, Westside, Argyle
• District 5: Northwest, New Town, Baldwin
• District 6: Northside, San Mateo, Oceanway

Patrol Support Division

Commanded by the Chief of Patrol Support.

• Community Engagement Section- Assistant Chief
  • Crime Prevention, International Affairs, Sheriff's Watch, Blight Abatement, Tele-Serv, Police Athletic League
• Specialized Patrol Section- Assistant Chief
  • Aviation, Canine, Mounted, Civil Process, Risk Protection, Offender Tracking, Felony Registration, Police Auxiliary, Traffic Enforcement, DUI Enforcement, Motors Squad

Special Events Division

Commanded by the Chief of Special Events

• Special Events Section- Assistant Chief
  • Special Events, Secondary Employment, Emergency Preparedness, Honor Guard, Mobile Field Force

Department of Investigations & Homeland Security

There are three divisions in this department, and the director holds the title of director of the Department of Investigations & Homeland Security.

Detective Division

The Detective Division is under the direction of the chief of detectives who is responsible for the overall operation of the division. The Detective Division comprises a Property Crimes Section, a Major Case Section, and a Violence Reduction Section, all of which are under the command of a respective assistant chief.

• Property Crimes Section
  • Auto Crimes Unit – The Auto Crimes Unit handles auto theft and auto burglary investigations, many of which result in civil disputes. The unit also investigates thefts of marine craft, all terrain vehicles, motorcycles and aircraft.
    • Traffic Homicide Unit – The Traffic Homicide Unit is responsible for investigating traffic fatalities, and hit and run crashes with serious bodily injury. They operate under the supervision of the Auto Crimes Unit commander.
  • Burglary Unit – The Burglary Unit investigates all business and residential burglaries as well as thefts over a certain dollar amount. These squads are assigned to the geographic patrol zones.
  • Polygraph Unit – The Polygraph Unit is staffed by polygraphists who administer polygraph examinations to suspects, victims, and witnesses involved in criminal investigations. They also administer polygraph examinations for police and other job applicants as part of their background investigation process.
  • Economic Crimes – The Economic Crimes Unit investigates forgeries, frauds, including Internet fraud, bank fraud and credit card fraud, along with identity theft, con games, and other economic crimes.
  • Crime Scene Unit – The Crime Scene Unit is staffed by evidence technicians.
  • Latent Print Unit – The Latent Print Unit is staffed by latent print examiners who play a vital role in the investigation, identification, and conviction of criminal offenders.
  • Photo Lab – The Photo Lab is staffed by police photographers who are responsible for processing, printing and maintaining all crime scene photographs.
• Major Case Section
  • Homicide Unit – The Homicide Unit handles current cases while one team handles cold case investigations. The "hot" teams investigate cases such as murder, manslaughter, suicide, accidental death (except traffic crashes), in‑custody deaths, any death of a suspicious or undetermined nature or a death in which a doctor will not sign the death certificate as well as any incident (except traffic crashes) resulting in life-threatening injury. The homicide unit also investigates officer involved shooting incidents, no matter how serious the injury, and incidents when an officer has been shot or seriously injured.
    • Cold Case Unit – The Cold Case Team reviews all requests for an investigation, provided the original detective, or reassigned detective is no longer in the Homicide Unit and there is no other active ongoing investigation.
    • Missing Persons Unit – The Missing Persons Unit is under the direction of the Homicide Unit commander.
  • Robbery Unit – Detectives are tasked with the investigation of the crimes of armed robbery, unarmed or "strong-arm" robbery, home-invasion robbery, carjacking, and a relatively new Florida statute covering the crime of "robbery by sudden snatching." Additionally, the Robbery Unit oversees the enforcement of the Jacksonville Business Security Code and the Florida Convenience Business Security Act.
  • Special Assaunt Unit – Detectives in the Special Assault Unit (formerly known as Sex Crimes) are tasked with the investigation of all felony sexual assaults, as well as crimes involving child pornography and lewd and lascivious acts. They also investigate incidents of child abuse, child neglect, domestic violence, elderly abuse, elderly neglect and financial exploitation of the elderly.
  • Victim Services Coordinator – The Victim Services Coordinators provide assistance to all crime victims, witnesses, survivors, and their significant others. The coordinator also provides short-term crisis intervention and counseling for law enforcement.
• Violence Reduction Section
  • Community Problem Response Unit – Officers assigned to this unit (commonly referred to as "CPR") conduct proactive street-level investigations in support of other investigative units and in response to crime patterns.
  • Gang Investigations Unit – The Gang Unit investigates and monitors known criminal street gangs and validated gang members who commit crimes within the city of Jacksonville.
  • Violent Crimes Unit – Detectives assigned to the Violent Crimes Unit investigate felony level battery crimes, such as shootings (where no death has occurred), drive-by shootings, shootings into occupied dwellings, and other aggravated assaults.

Homeland Security Division

The Homeland Security Division is commanded by a Chief. The division is broken up into two sections. Each section is led by an assistant chief.

•Assistant Chief of Special Operations encompasses units that include:SWAT; Bomb Squad; Marine Unit; Dive Team; Intelligence Unit; Crisis Negotiators; Unmanned Arial Systems; CISM; Critical Infrastructures; and Fusion Center.

•Assistant Chief of Narcotics/Vice encompasses units that include Narcotics Units; Vice Squad; Warehouse Unit; Computer Forensics; Technical Support and Forfeiture Unit. Detectives are also assigned to North Florida's High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA); Narcotics Task Force; and Internet Crimes Against Children investigations (ICAC).

Department of Police Services

A director leads the Department of Police Services. There are three divisions in this department.

• Budget & Management Division-Chief
• Police Support Services Division-Chief
  • Central Records-Assistant Chief
  • Communications-Assistant Chief
  • Logistic/General Support-Assistant Chief

Department of Personnel & Professional Standards

A Director leads the Department of Personnel & Professional Standards. There are two divisions in this department.

1. Human Resources Division - Chief

• Recruitment and Selection
• Occupational Health
• Personnel Services
• Time and Attendance

2. Professional Standards Division - Chief

• Training Section - Assistant Chief
  • Academy
  • Field Training
  • Gun Range
  • Leadership Development
• Public Accountability Section - Assistant Chief
  • Body-Worn Cameras
  • Internal Affairs Unit
  • Professional Oversight Unit
  • Public Relations & Information
• Compliance Section - Executive
  • Accreditation
  • Internal Audits
  • Non-Sworn & Sworn Inspections

Department of Corrections

The Department of Corrections has more than 600 state-certified corrections officers and civilian personnel with three correctional facilities in Duval County. The largest is the John E. Goode Pretrial Detention Facility (PDF) located in downtown Jacksonville. It is a thirteen-story building with a capacity of over 2,200. The others are the Montgomery Correctional Center (MCC) and the Community Transitions Center (CTC).

There are three divisions within this department and is headed by the Director of Corrections.

1.Jails Division - Chief

• PDF Custody & Housing Section – Assistant Chief
• PDF Processing & Special Projects Section - Assistant Chief
• PDF Support Services Section - Assistant Chief
• Court Services Section - Major

2.Prisons Division – Chief

• CTC – Assistant Chief
• MCC – Assistant Chief

3.Programs & Transitional Services Division - Chief

Misconduct

• On 31 January 1925, a local Black man, Willie Washington was murdered by a Jacksonville detective. His body was put on display in the county courthouse. Hundreds came to view and jeer the body.^[13]
• The Brenton Butler case involved a 2000 murder investigation where a 15-year-old black male was arrested and charged with the crime. At trial, he claimed his confession was coerced after being threatened and brutalized by detectives. The jury acquitted him after less than an hours' deliberation. Two other individuals were later convicted of the crime. The grand jury investigation criticized the prosecutor and police for their handling of the case but found no evidence of criminal wrongdoing.^[14]
• In January, 2003 former officers Aric Sinclair, Jason Pough, Reginald Bones and Karl Waldon were sentenced to federal prison terms for their crimes that included robbery of cash and drugs, kidnapping and murder over three years in the late 1990s.^[15]

See also

• List of law enforcement agencies in Florida
• List of U.S. state and local law enforcement agencies
• Brenton Butler case a 2000 case of false confession

External links

• Official Sheriff's Office Website
• Florida Times-Union profile

Notes and References

1. http://www.coj.net/Departments/Sheriffs+Office/About+the+JSO/History+of+the+JSO.htm SLMPD: History
2. News: Sullivan . Carl . Baranauckas . Carla . Here's how much money goes to police departments in largest cities across the U.S. . . June 26, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200714185818/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/06/26/how-much-money-goes-to-police-departments-in-americas-largest-cities/112004904/ . July 14, 2020.
3. News: Gibson . Travis . 2022-11-20 . T.K. Waters sworn in as Jacksonville's new sheriff during emotion-filled ceremony . News4Jax . Jacksonville, Florida . 2022-07-05.
4. Web site: History of Jacksonville Police Department. ncjrs.gov. NCJRS. 11 March 2016.
5. http://www.bcstandard.com/News/2006/0316/Community/014.html Baldwin PD disbands
6. News: Bauerlein . David . Jacksonville Sheriff Mike Williams is taking off the badge. What's next? . 3 June 2022 . Florida Times-Union . June 3, 2022.
7. Web site: W.B. Cahoon. Gainesville Police Department. 20 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129072250/https://www.gainesvillepd.org/index.php/component/content/article/45-information/145-wb-cahoon. 29 November 2014. dead.
8. News: Scanlan. Dan. 1913-2014: Duval sheriff William Cahill, whose term was marred by allegations, dies at age 101. 20 November 2014. Florida Times-Union. 19 November 2014.
9. News: Kerr. Jessie-Lynne. Former sheriff Carson dies at 78. 20 November 2014. Florida Times-Union. May 28, 2000.
10. News: Florida sheriff retires after moving outside of county . 3 June 2022 . Associated Press . 2 June 2022.
11. Web site: Staff . 2022-06-11 . Pat Ivey sworn in as Jacksonville sheriff after retirement of Mike Williams . 2022-06-12 . WJXT . en.
12. News: Gibson . Travis . 2022-11-20 . T.K. Waters sworn in as Jacksonville's new sheriff during emotion-filled ceremony.
13. News: Stepzinski . Teresa . Jacksonville lynching victim killed by police, then put on display in 1925 honored Sunday . 16 July 2021 . Florida TImes-Union . 22 February 2021.
14. News: Court strikes conviction in murder case. Associated Press. St. Petersburg Times. May 21, 2004. July 18, 2009.
15. Web site: Five Defendants Including Former Jacksonville, Florida Police Officers Sentenced On Murder and Other Felonies . DOJ Press Release . US Department of Justice . 19 January 2023.