| Official Name: | Shere |
| Type: | Village |
| Country: | England |
| Region: | South East England |
| Static Image Name: | Shere Church.jpg |
| Static Image Caption: | St James' Church |
| Area Total Km2: | 9.88 |
| Population: | 1,032 |
| Population Ref: | (2011)(relevant part of Civil Parish, whole parish had 3,630 people over 24.5 km2)[1] |
| Os Grid Reference: | TQ070479 |
| Map Type: | Surrey |
| Post Town: | Guildford |
| Postcode Area: | GU |
| Postcode District: | GU5 |
| Dial Code: | 01483 |
| Constituency Westminster: | Godalming and Ash |
| Civil Parish: | Shere |
| Shire District: | Guildford |
| Shire County: | Surrey |
| Coordinates: | 51.2206°N -0.4687°W |
Shere is a village in the Guildford district of Surrey, England 4.8miles east south-east of Guildford and 5.4miles west of Dorking, centrally bypassed by the A25. Located on the River Tillingbourne it is a small still partly agricultural village chiefly set in the wooded Vale of Holmesdale between the North Downs and Greensand Ridge. As of 2011 the village had a population of 1,032.
The village gives its name to the larger civil parish of Shere, extending to the east and south into hamlets founded in the early Middle Ages which officially, in the 19th century, were consolidated into three villages; Gomshall, Holmbury St. Mary and Peaslake. This larger entity has a total population of 3,359 and area of (as at the 2011 census).[2]
Shere appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Essira and Essire in the ancient hundred of Blackheath.[3] It was held by William the Conqueror. Its Domesday assets were: 1 church, 2 mills worth 10s per year, 14 ploughs, 3acres of meadow, woodland worth 50 hogs. It rendered £15 per year to its overlords.[4] [5]
In 1086, when Gomshall was royal demesne, the villeins (villagers) there were exempt from the sheriff's jurisdiction; Gomshall Netley and Gomshall Towerhill manors had court baron. Eleanor, Countess of Ormond owning the Vachery manor, had view of frankpledge in Gomshall Towerhill. In 1281 William Braose was granted free warren there
In the 13th century Roger de Clare settled for a life-rent on the church and sold the manor of Shere to a grandson of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex. In turn his grandson divided the manor, according with the law of moiety title to his daughter Joan Butler who thus received the new manor of Shiere Vachery; while Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster ('the red Earl') received Shiere Ebor(acum). Two other manors evolved.
Highlights of the often influential tapestry of powerful owners include (but are not limited to):
| Powerful or nationally significant lords of the four manors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| width=25% bgcolor=#44EE88 | Shiere Vachery or Shere Vachery | width=25% bgcolor=#44EE88 | Shiere Ebor or Shere Eboracum | width=25% bgcolor=#44EE88 | Gomshall Netley | width=25% bgcolor=#44EE88 | Towerhil |
| William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster | Netley Abbey | William de Braose | |||||
| James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond ('the noble Earl') | Sir Edward Bray MP (Tudor) | Rowland de Bloet | |||||
| James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond ('the white Earl') | Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March and daughter Anne de Mortimer | Eastminster (or St Mary Graces) Abbey, by Tower Hill (reversion accruing ground rent then full agricultural rent) 1350–1538 | |||||
| James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond (Earl of Wiltshire) | Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York and his widow Cecily Neville, Duchess of York | ||||||
| Sir Reginald Bray (political advisor to Henry VII of England and statesman) to tenant: James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley | Henry VIII as dower property for wives until Katherine Howard hence alternative name, the Queens Hold | ||||||
| Sir Edmund Bray MP | Edmund Tylney, Master of the Revels (or Queen's Revels) | ||||||
| Edward Braye MP | |||||||
The Victoria County History (Surrey: 1911) cites numerous mentions in the Assize Rolls, Patent Rolls, Feet of Fines and the ecclesiastical records of Westminster and Lambeth Palaces. Traditionally the parish included the areas of the current civil parish and measured about miles from north to south, and from 2 to miles from east to west and contained 6,400 acres of land and 12 of water.[6]
The neighbourhood was for a time one of the wildest in Surrey: sheep-stealers, smugglers, and poachers found a refuge in these remote hills. Some of the cottages have, still existing, very large cellars (excavated easily in the sandy hill), stated by H.E. Malden to have been "far too large for any honest purpose, and were no doubt made for storing smuggled goods till they could be conveniently taken on to London".[6]
In 1671, a Shere man called Edward Bound was charged by church authorities with "playing cricket on the Sabbath" and was exonerated, one of the sport's earliest references.[7]
Iron was worked from the stone and into implements in centuries before the 18th century in Shere.[6] In 1911 great quantities of watercress were grown which is no longer the case;[6] the principal area in southern England for this being near New Alresford in Hampshire.
Holmbury St. Mary up in the Greensand Ridge was a modern village term devised in 1878 for the two hamlets of Felday in Shere and Pitland Street in Shere and Abinger, when the place became a civil parish and ecclesiastical parish. The Church of England schools were built in 1860 and enlarged in 1900.[6]
Shere Infant and Nursery School has been serving the local community since 1852, celebrating its 175th birthday in 2017. The school received a 'Good' status from the Ofsted inspection in December 2015.[8]
See also: List of places of worship in Guildford (borough). The church of St James is in the Early English style, most being 12th, 13th and 14th century. It replaced an earlier Anglo-Saxon church mentioned in the Domesday Book.[9] Constructed of ironstone rubble with sandstone buttresses, it was restored in 1895 by S. Weatherley. By the north chancel wall there is a 14th-century quatrefoil window and squint – belonging to an Anchorite cell used by Christina Carpenter in the 14th-century. There is 14th-century glass in the east window and the chancel fittings were renewed in 1956 by Louis Osman. It is a Grade I listed building.
Within the village centre conservation area there are 34 listed buildings.
These are all older than 1830, in some cases by several centuries.[10]
The village can be accessed for long-distance travel from the north and west from the A3 at West Clandon – from the east the M25 at Leatherhead and the A24 at Dorking followed by the A25 road provides a shorter alternative route than taking the first route; there are minor routes south however the nearest major route directly south is the A24 at Dorking.
Gomshall railway station is less than away on the Reading to Gatwick line. While 1614 people (65% of the parish) in 2001 for instance were economically active, only 178 routinely used public transport and 1037 used motor vehicles. The average Shere commuter travels to work.[11]
thumb|Shere Shop signThe economy is a mixture of local and regional with the many shops and some farming within it. A significant minority of the working population are London commuters, particularly in the civil parish at large. The 2001 census shows the self-employed (including with employees) form 36% of the population, retirees form 16% of the population and employees form 48% of the population. 77% of the ward's population is Christian, of the remainder 22% are of no religion or not stated.[2]
thumb|Burdens
Within the civil parish are shops, four village halls, and three post offices. Many walks radiate from the village, including a streamside walk, parts of the North Downs Way and the Pilgrims' Way. In the village are Millstream Press, a book publisher named after the Tillingbourne, a textiles-cum-boutique[12] and Surrey Hills Brewery.[13]
The United Kingdom Census 2011 considered the village as four relevant output layers, approximately a third of the ward Shere, the latter being used for elections to Guildford Borough Council. All parts featured their single largest proportion of housing as either semi-detached or single-family homes and most of these with gardens.
In all 439 households (in slightly fewer homes) make up the village including its scattered farms and cottages. The census boundaries drawn exclude central and eastern Burrows Cross due to is proximity to slightly larger hamlet Gomshall, being contiguous and due south Burrows Cross had census overlap of its output areas (E00155528 and E00155529) and was included within Gomshall.
The proportion of households in three divisions of Shere who owned their home outright was at least 5% above the national average, in the fourth division this was 3% below, a central area including one of the two conservation area thoroughfares. The proportion of residents who owned their home with a loan was between 2.8% and 11.3% lower than the national average. The census shows that overall, Shere has a lower proportion than average of rented residential property and of social housing relative to the Surrey and national averages.[1]
| + 2011 Census Key Statistics | ||||||
| Output area | Population | Households | % Owned outright | % Owned with a loan | hectares | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E00155527 | 220 | 100 | 39.0 | 30.0 | 165 | |
| E00155526 | 329 | 144 | 35.4 | 23.6 | 87 | |
| E00155525 | 142 | 51 | 51.0 | 23.5 | 677 | |
| E00155524 | 341 | 144 | 27.1 | 21.5 | 59 |
Across the whole parish the 2011 distribution of housing was:
| + 2011 Census Homes | |||||||
| Output area | Detached | Semi-detached | Terraced | Flats and apartments | Caravans/temporary/mobile homes | shared between households | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Civil Parish) | 745 | 477 | 146 | 103 | 4 | 0 |
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.
At Surrey County Council, one of the 81 representatives represents the area within the Shere division which includes Albury and (East and West) Clandon.[14]
At Guildford Borough Council most wards of the borough are deemed appropriate to be represented under the current constitution of councillors by two to three councillors, which is the case for the Tillingbourne ward which has two.
| 2015 | Richard Billington (Conservative) | Tillingbourne[15] | |
| 2019 | Diana Jones (Green Party) |
| 2017 | Keith Taylor (Conservative) | Shere |
Since at least the early 20th century, the location and Tudor architecture has been a draw for artists and film-makers. The Victoria County History, which was written for the county of Surrey in 1911, lavished more praise than on any other village:
Films made in the area include:
Anchoress of Shere by Paul L. Moorcraft.[25] The Passionate Friends, a social commentary novel by H. G. Wells, places the protagonist's marriage here.[26]
thumb|Shere Lane, one of four relatively narrow streets thumb|Listed building