She people explained

Group:She, Sa
Population:709,592 (2000)
Popplace: China (Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Anhui)
Langs:Predominantly She Chinese and Standard Chinese (lingua franca). A minuscule minority speak the She language in Zengcheng, Boluo County, Huidong County and Haifeng County in Guangdong Province.
Rels:She indigenous religion (She Wuism),[1] Buddhism
Related:Yao, Miao, Hakka Han
Wuu:so zoh
Buc:Siă-cŭk
Poj:Siâ-cho̍k
Teo:Siâ-tsôk
H:Tshiâ-tshu̍k
P:Shēzú

The She people (; She Chinese: pronounced as /mis/; Cantonese: pronounced as /yue/, Fuzhou: pronounced as /cdo/) are an ethnic group in China. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.

The She are the largest ethnic minority in Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi Provinces. They are also present in the provinces of Anhui and Guangdong. Some descendants of the She also exist amongst the Hakka minority in Taiwan.

Languages

Today, over 400,000 She people of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi provinces speak She Chinese, an unclassified Chinese variety that has been heavily influenced by Hakka Chinese.

There are approximately 1,200 She people in Guangdong province who speak a Hmong–Mien language called She, also called Ho Ne meaning "mountain people" . Some said they were descendants of Dongyi, Nanman or Yue peoples.[2] [3]

She Chinese should not be confused with, also known as Ho Ne, which is a Hmong-Mien language spoken in east-central Guangdong. She and Sheyu speakers have separate histories and identities, although both are officially classified by the Chinese government as She people. The Dongjia of Majiang County, Guizhou are also officially classified as She people, but speak a Western Hmongic language closely related to Chong'anjiang Miao .

History

The She people are some of the earliest known settlers of Guangdong; they are thought to have originally settled along the shallow shore for easier fishing access during the Neolithic era. Eventually, after an influx of Yuet people moved south during the Warring States period, serious competition between the two peoples for resources developed.

From the time of the Qin dynasty on, waves of migrants from northern China have had a serious impact on the She people. Because they possessed superior tools and technology, these migrants were able to displace the She and occupy the better land for farming. As a result of this, some of the She were forced to relocate into the hilly areas of the Jiangxi and Fujian provinces.

Following this relocation, the She people became hillside farmers. Their methods of farming included burning grasses on the slope, casting rice seeds on those embers and then harvesting the produce following the growth season. Some of the She people also participated in the production and trade of salt, obtained from the evaporation of local pools of salt water.

Many conflicts took place between the Han Chinese and She peoples. For example, in one incident, She salt producers on Lantau Island in Hong Kong attacked the city of Canton in a revolt during the Song dynasty.

During the Ming-Qing dynasties they moved into and settled Zhejiang's southern region and mountain districts in the Lower Yangtze region, after they left their homeland in Northern Fujian. It is theorized that the She were pushed out of their land by the Hakka, which caused them to move into Zhejiang.[4]

PRC Autonomous Counties and Ethnic Townships

Zhejiang

Anhui

Fujian

ShunChang County

Dehua County

Jiangxi

Guangdong

Distribution of She people in China

The roughly 45,000 She living in Guizhou Province form a separate subgroup, the Dongjia, who differ notably in culture from the She in other areas.[6]

Provincial level

In a 2000 census, 709,592 She have been counted in China.

Distribution of She people in China
Administrative division Number of She Percentage of all She in China
375,193 52.87%
170,993 24.1%
77,650 10.94%
44,926 6.33%
28,053 3.95%
2,891 0.41%
2.523 0.36%
1,563 0.22%
Other Provinces 5,800 0.82%

District level

Distribution of She people by district (as of 2000)

Only values of 0.5% and greater have been considered.

ProvincePrefecture-level divisionCounty-level divisionNumber of SheRelative percentage of all She in China
FujianNingdeFu'an59,9318.45%
GuizhouQiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous PrefectureMajiang County35,4224.99%
FujianNingdeXiapu County35,0714.94%
FujianLongyanShanghang County30,7354.33%
FujianNingdeFuding28,2073.98%
FujianNingdeJiaocheng District22,0543.11%
FujianNingdeXiapu CountyXXXXXX%
FujianZhangzhouZhangpu County20,7292.92%
ZhejiangLishuiLiandu District19,4552.74%
FujianFuzhouLuoyuan County18,4952.61%
ZhejiangLishuiJingning She Autonomous County16,1442.28%
ZhejiangWenzhouCangnan County16,1332.27%
ZhejiangWenzhouTaishun County13,8621.95%
ZhejiangLishuiSuichang13,6581.92%
FujianFuzhouLianjiang County11,9181.68%
FujianZhangzhouZhao'an11,0481.56%
FujianZhangzhouLonghai9,5831.35%
ZhejiangWenzhouWencheng County9,2871.31%
ZhejiangWenzhouPingyang County9,1371.29%
ZhejiangQuzhouLongyou County8,9341.26%
JiangxiGanzhouNankang8,8881.25%
ZhejiangLishuiYunhe County8,8841.25%
FujianQuanzhouAnxi County8,6731.22%
FujianNingdeGutian County7,7081.09%
ZhejiangLishuiLongquan7,4861.05%
ZhejiangJinhuaWuyi County7,2181.02%
FujianSanmingNinghua County7,0030.99%
JiangxiGanzhouXinfeng County6,4620.91%
FujianNanpingShunchang County6,2460.88%
JiangxiGanzhouXingguo County5,7770.81%
FujianQuanzhouQuangang District5,5210.78%
JiangxiGanzhouDayu County5,3800.76%
FujianFuzhouFuqing5,2610.74%
FujianQuanzhouNan'an5,2180.74%
FujianSanmingYong'an4,6370.65%
GuangdongHeyuanDongyuan County4,6210.65%
ZhejiangHangzhouTonglu County4,5360.64%
ZhejiangLishuiSongyang County4,5260.64%
GuangdongShaoguanNanxiong4,4300.62%
FujianZhangzhouXiangcheng District4,3320.61%
FujianNanpingJianyang4,3270.61%
FujianFuzhouYongtai County4,2310.6%
GuizhouQiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous PrefectureFuquan4,0220.57%
FujianXiamenHuli District4,0170.57%
ZhejiangQuzhouQujiang District4,0140.57%
FujianFuzhouJin'an District3,8670.54%
JiangxiGanzhouHuichang County3,6320.51%
JiangxiGanzhouYudu County3,6300.51%
ZhejiangHangzhouLin'an3,6160.51%
Rest of China161,62622.78%

Notes and references

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: http://www.mzb.com.cn/html/Home/report/376752-1.htm . zh:从科仪唱本看畲族的巫术文化 . mzb.com.cn.
  2. Web site: http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/zhuanti/xz/2009-07/23/content_18187268.htm . zh:众说纷纭的畲族民族起源 . zh:中国网.
  3. Web site: http://www.world10k.com/blog/?p=477 . zh:南溟網· 關於畬族研究的回顧 . zh:南溟網.
  4. Book: Susan Naquin, Evelyn Sakakida Rawski . Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century . 2011-10-30 . reprint, illustrated . 1989 . Yale University Press . 0-300-04602-2 . 169 . Both the She and the Tanka were quite assimilated into Han Chinese culture. The She had migrated north in the late Ming and Qing from the hills of northern Fujian into southern Zhejiang; some even moved into the Lower Yangtze mountain districts farther north. .
  5. Est. 2008, Jinping is home to eight minority nations, living in 19 designated villages (村, cun). The township as a whole cannot be said to be expressly for the She. In all, Jiangxi Province has 56 She villages in non-She townships.
  6. Dong . Bo (董波) . 2008 . http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10384-2009080747.htm . From Dongjia to She . zh:从东家人到畲族——贵州麻江县六堡村畲族的人类学考察 . M.A. . Xiamen University.

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