| Shaxian dialect | |
| Nativename: | 沙縣事 |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /[sa˦˦ sɪ̃˦˦ sai˨˦]/ |
| States: | Southern China |
| Region: | Sha County, Sanming, Fujian |
| Speakers: | ? |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam2: | Sinitic |
| Fam3: | Chinese |
| Fam4: | Min |
| Fam5: | Inland Min |
| Fam6: | Central Min |
| Ancestor: | Proto-Sino-Tibetan |
| Ancestor2: | Old Chinese |
| Ancestor3: | Proto-Min |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Glotto: | none |
| Lingua: | 79-AAA-hba |
| Notice: | IPA |
Shaxian dialect (Central Min: 沙縣事, Mandarin Chinese: 沙縣話) is a dialect of Central Min Chinese spoken in Sha County, Sanming in Western Fujian Province of China.
Shaxian dialect has 17 initials, 36 rimes and 6 tones.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | ||
| Nasal | (pronounced as /link/) 罵慢 | (pronounced as /link/) 鈴南 | (pronounced as /link/) 雅眼 | ||||||
| Stop | Tenuis | pronounced as /link/ 布婆 | pronounced as /link/ 母毛 | pronounced as /link/ 東大 | pronounced as /link/ 哥間 | pronounced as /link/ 蟻額 | |||
| Aspirated | pronounced as /link/ 普抱 | pronounced as /link/ 通頭 | pronounced as /link/ 溪欠 | ||||||
| Affricate | Tenuis | pronounced as /link/ 酒曹 | pronounced as /link/ 朱足 | ||||||
| Aspirated | ʦʰ 秋春 | pronounced as /link/ 出穿 | |||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ 心沙 | pronounced as /link/ 水船 | pronounced as /link/ 好興 | ||||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /link/ 納力 | ||||||||
| Zero consonant | zero consonant 影黃 | ||||||||
| pronounced as /ink/ / pronounced as /ink/ 資 / 子 | pronounced as /ink/ / pronounced as /ink/ 西 / 死 |
| pronounced as /ink/ / pronounced as /ink/ 故 / 古 | pronounced as /ink/ / pronounced as /ink/ 居 / 舉 |
| pronounced as /iu/ / pronounced as /io/ 抽 / 丑 | pronounced as /ui/ / pronounced as /ue/ 追 / 嘴 |
| pronounced as /yɯ/ / pronounced as /yɤ/ 威 / 偉 | pronounced as /ink/ / pronounced as /ink/ 波 / 保 |
| pronounced as /io/ / pronounced as /iɔ/ 腰 / 約 | pronounced as /ink/ / pronounced as /ink/ 排/八 |
| pronounced as /ye/ / pronounced as /yɛ/ 吹 / 血 | pronounced as /ink/ 家 |
| pronounced as /ia/ 遮 | pronounced as /ua/ 瓜 |
| pronounced as /ya/ 蟻 | pronounced as /ai/ 猜 |
| pronounced as /uai/ 乖 | pronounced as /au/ 交 |
| pronounced as /iau/ 曉 | pronounced as /ŋ̍/ 光 |
| pronounced as /aŋ/ 講 | pronounced as /uaŋ/ 望 |
| pronounced as /ɛiŋ/ 心 | pronounced as /iɛiŋ/ 英 |
| pronounced as /yɛiŋ/ 永 | pronounced as /ɔuŋ/ 風 |
| pronounced as /œyŋ/ 鍾 | pronounced as /iŋ/ 廠 |
| pronounced as /ĩ/ / pronounced as /ẽ/ 仙 / 險 | pronounced as /uĩ/ / pronounced as /uẽ/ 翻/粉 |
| pronounced as /yĩ/ / pronounced as /yẽ/ 根 / 卷 | pronounced as /ɔ̃/ 爭 |
| pronounced as /iɔ̃/ 驚 | pronounced as /ɔ̃i/ 燈 |
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 | light level 陽平 | dark rising 陰上 | light rising 陽上 | departing 去聲 | entering 入聲 |
| Tone contour | pronounced as /˧/ 33 | pronounced as /˧˩/ 31 | pronounced as /˨˩˨/ 21 | pronounced as /˥˧/ 53 | pronounced as /˨˦/ 24 | pronounced as /˨˩˨/ 212 |
| Example Hanzi | 詩 | 南 | 始 | 是 | 四 | 失 |
Shaxian dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
| dark level 33 | light level 31 | dark rising 21 | light rising 53 | departing 24 | entering 212 | |
| dark level 33 | 44 | |||||
| light level 31 | 33 | |||||
| dark rising 21 | 55 | |||||
| light rising 53 | dark rising (21) | |||||
| departing 24 | dark rising (21) | 44 | dark rising (21) | |||
| entering 212 | 4 | |||||