| Sharada script | |
| Also Known As: | Śāradā |
| Sample: | Shukla Sharada.svg |
| Caption: | The word śāradā in Sharada script |
| Time: | 700 CE - present (almost extinct) |
| Region: | India, Pakistan, Central Asia |
| Fam1: | Egyptian |
| Fam2: | Proto-Sinaitic |
| Fam3: | Phoenician |
| Fam4: | Aramaic |
| Fam5: | Brahmi |
| Fam6: | Gupta |
| Unicode: | U+11180 - U+111DF |
| Iso15924: | Shrd |
| Note: | none |
The Śāradā, Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent (in Kashmir and neighbouring areas), for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri.[3] [4] [5] Although originally a signature Brahminical script created in the valley, it was more widespread throughout northwestern Indian subcontinent, and later became restricted to Kashmir, and is now rarely used, except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes.[4]
It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Śāradā or Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[6]
Sharda script is named after the Hindu goddess Śāradā, also known as Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.
Although originally a script restricted to only Brahmins, Sharda was later spread throughout the larger Hindu population in Northwestern Indian subcontinent, as Hinduism became the dominant religion in the region again.[7] [8]
The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script.[3] The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India. In Afghanistan, the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto-Sharada inscription mentioning the, Turk Shahis, king Khingala of Oddiyana.[9] At the historic temple of Mirkula Devi (also Mrikula Devi) in Lahaul, [Himachal Pradesh], the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE.[10]
From the 10th century onwards, regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab, the Hill States (partly Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir. Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir, as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language. With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C.E., the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada.[11] The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century; during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhī and other Landa scripts. By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name, Devāśeṣa.[11]
| Transliteration | IPA | Independentposition | Dependent position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph | Example | Special forms | ||||
| a | pronounced as /[ɐ]/ | (none) | (pa) | |||
| ā | pronounced as /[aː]/ | pā | → ; → ; → ; → | |||
| i | pronounced as /[ɪ]/ | pi | ||||
| ī | pronounced as /[iː]/ | pī | ||||
| u | pronounced as /[ʊ]/ | pu | → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → | |||
| ū | pronounced as /[uː]/ | pū | → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → ; → | |||
| r̥ | pronounced as /[r̩]/ | pr̥ | → | |||
| r̥̄ | pronounced as /[r̩ː]/ | pr̥̄ | → | |||
| l̥ | pronounced as /[l̩]/ | pl̥ | ||||
| l̥̄ | pronounced as /[l̩ː]/ | pl̥̄ | ||||
| ē | pronounced as /[eː]/ | pē | ||||
| ai | pronounced as /[aːi̯]/, pronounced as /[ai]/, pronounced as /[ɐi]/, pronounced as /[ɛi]/ | pai | ||||
| ō | pronounced as /[oː]/ | pō | ||||
| au | pronounced as /[aːu̯]/, pronounced as /[au]/, pronounced as /[ɐu]/, pronounced as /[ɔu]/ | pau | ||||
| am̐ | pronounced as /[◌̃]/ | pam̐ | ||||
| aṃ | pronounced as /[n]/, pronounced as /[m]/ | paṃ | ||||
| aḥ | pronounced as /[h]/ | paḥ | ||||
| Isolated glyph | Transliteration | IPA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ka | pronounced as /[kɐ]/ | ||
| kha | pronounced as /[kʰɐ]/ | ||
| ga | pronounced as /[ɡɐ]/ | ||
| gha | pronounced as /[ɡʱɐ]/ | ||
| ṅa | pronounced as /[ŋɐ]/ | ||
| ca | pronounced as /[tɕɐ]/ | ||
| cha | pronounced as /[tɕʰɐ]/ | ||
| ja | pronounced as /[dʑɐ]/ | ||
| jha | pronounced as /[dʑʱɐ]/ | ||
| ña | pronounced as /[ɲɐ]/ | ||
| ṭa | pronounced as /[ʈɐ]/ | ||
| ṭha | pronounced as /[ʈʰɐ]/ | ||
| ḍa | pronounced as /[ɖɐ]/ | ||
| ḍha | pronounced as /[ɖʱɐ]/ | ||
| ṇa | pronounced as /[ɳɐ]/ | ||
| ta | pronounced as /[tɐ]/ | ||
| tha | pronounced as /[tʰɐ]/ | ||
| da | pronounced as /[dɐ]/ | ||
| dha | pronounced as /[dʱɐ]/ | ||
| na | pronounced as /[nɐ]/ | ||
| pa | pronounced as /[pɐ]/ | ||
| pha | pronounced as /[pʰɐ]/ | ||
| ba | pronounced as /[bɐ]/ | ||
| bha | pronounced as /[bʱɐ]/ | ||
| ma | pronounced as /[mɐ]/ | ||
| ya | pronounced as /[jɐ]/ | ||
| ra | pronounced as /[rɐ]/, pronounced as /[ɾɐ]/, pronounced as /[ɽɐ]/, pronounced as /[ɾ̪ɐ]/ | ||
| la | pronounced as /[lɐ]/ | ||
| ḷa | pronounced as /[ɭɐ]/ | ||
| va | pronounced as /[ʋɐ]/ | ||
| śa | pronounced as /[ɕɐ]/ | ||
| ṣa | pronounced as /[ʂɐ]/ | ||
| sa | pronounced as /[sɐ]/ | ||
| ha | pronounced as /[ɦɐ]/ |
| Sharada | Arabic | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 2 | ||
| 3 | ||
| 4 | ||
| 5 | ||
| 6 | ||
| 7 | ||
| 8 | ||
| 9 |
Sharada script uses its own signs for the positional decimal numeral system.
See main article: Sharada (Unicode block).
Śāradā script was added to the Unicode Standard in January, 2012 with the release of version 6.1.[12]
The Unicode block for Śāradā script, called Sharada, is U+11180 - U+111DF: