Shantinatha Explained

Type:Jain
Deity Of:16th Tirthankara, 5th Chakravarti, and 11th Kamadeva
Venerated In:Jainism
Symbol:Deer or Antelope
Color:Golden
Spouse:Yaśomatī
Father:Viśvasena
Mother:Acalādevī
Height:40 bows (120 metres) (393.701 feet)
Age:100,000 years
Tree:Nandi tree
Predecessor:Dharmanatha
Successor:Kunthunatha
Birth Place:Hastinapur
Moksha Place:Sammed Shikhar
Dynasty:Ikshvaku dynasty

Śāntinātha (Sanskrit: शान्तिनाथ) or Śānti is the sixteenth Sanskrit: [[Tīrthaṅkara]] of Jainism in the present age (Sanskrit: [[Avasarpini]]). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Vishvasena and Queen Aćira of the Ikshvaku dynasty in the north Indian city of Hastinapur. His birth date is the thirteenth day of the Jyest Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He was also a Sanskrit: [[Chakravartin #Jainism|Chakravarti]] and a Sanskrit: [[Kamadeva]]. He ascended to the throne when he was 25 years old. After over 25,000 years on the throne, he became a Jain monk and started his penance.

After renunciation, the legends state that he travelled without food and sleep and after sixteen years received his first Sanskrit: ahara (food) after achieving Sanskrit: kevala gnana. He attained Moksha on Sammed Shikharji and became a siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma.

Along with Rishabhanatha, Neminatha, Parshvanatha and Mahavira, Shantinatha is one of the five Tirthankaras who attract the most devotional worship among the Jains. His icons include the eponymous deer as his emblem, the Nandi tree, Garuda Yaksha, and Nirvani Yakshi.

Śhāntinātha is believed to be an idea of peace and tranquillity, hence prayed to avert calamities and epidemics and bestows welfare to worshippers and hymns to Śhāntinātha are recited during the last rites.

Jain tradition

See also: Panch Kalyanaka. According to Jain cosmology, 24 Tirthankaras have appeared on earth; Shantinatha is the sixteenth tirthankara of Avasarpiṇī (the present time cycle). A Tirthankara (ford-maker, saviour or spiritual teacher) signifies the founding of a tirtha, a passage across the sea of birth-and-death cycles.[1]

Birth

He was born to King Vishvasena and Queen Aćira at Hastinapur on the 13th day of Jestha Krishna in the Ikshvaku clan. Before the birth of Shantinatha, Queen Aćira dreamt the most auspicious dreams (fourteen according to the Śvetāmbara tradition and sixteen according to the Digambara tradition). According to Śvetāmbara monk Acharya Hemachandra, epidemics, evils and misery were destroyed when Shantinatha was in his mother's womb. According to Jain tradition, Indra named him Śhānti due to Jinas' love for peace.

Life before renunciation

Shantinatha spent 25,000 years as a youth (Sanskrit: kumāra kāla) and married a beautiful princess Yaśomatī. Jain texts portray Shantinatha as tall; his height was given as .[2] He ruled his kingdom for 50,000 years. During his rule, armoury was blessed with divine chakraratna. During his reign he conquered all six divisions of the earth in all directions, acquiring elephants, horses, nine-fold most precious treasures and fourteen Sanskrit: ratna (jewels). Shantinatha became the fifth Chakravartin.

During his time, an epidemic of epilepsy broke out and he helped to control it. Shantinath became the idea of peace and tranquillity by averting epidemics, fire, famine, foreign invasions, robbers, etc., giving him the name of Shantinath. He is also associated with special right to ward of diseases known as Shantikarma.

Renunciation

Shantinatha, when made aware of his previous incarnations, renounced his worldly life and became a Jain ascetic. According to Jain texts, Shantinatha neither slept nor ate during his penance and meditated under nandi tree. After his sixteen years of asceticism, on the ninth bright day of the month of Sanskrit: [[Pausha]] (December–January), he achieved kevala jnana .

After achieving Sanskrit: kevala jnana he visited Somanasapur, and was offered first Sanskrit: ahara (food) by King Dharma Mitra and his wife.

Nirvana and moksha

He is said to have lived 1 lakh years and spent many years spreading his knowledge. On the 13th day of the dark half of the month Jyestha (May–June), he attained nirvana at Sammed Shikharji, known contemporaneously as the Parasnath Hills in northern Jharkhand.

The yaksha and yakshi of Shantinatha are Kimpurusha and Mahamanasi according to Digambara tradition and Garuda and Nirvani according to Śvētāmbara tradition.

Previous births

Disciples

According to Jain texts, Cakrayudha Svami was the leader of the Shantinatha disciples.

Legacy

Worship

Śhāntinātha being an idea of peace and tranquillity, it is believed that chanting the name Śhāntinātha averts calamities and epidemics and bestows welfare to worshippers. In the Śvetāmbara tradition, Nirvāṉi, the yakshi of Śhāntinātha, is also associated with Shantinatha as Śhānti-devī in prayers for peace. During the last rites, recitation of Namokar Mantra and hymns to the Jina and Śhāntinātha are performed.

Shanti Snaatra Puja is a special prayer for universal peace and the welfare of all living beings. During the prayer, offerings are made 27 or 108 times to Shantinatha. The Laghnu-Shanti-stavaa, compiled by Manadeva suri in the 7th century, is a hymn to Shantinatha full of tantric usage and identify Shantinatha as Siva, the Lord of Shanta. According to Jinaprabha Suri, the temples dedicated to Shantinatha existed in Kishkindha, Lanka and Trikuta.

According to Santistava compiled by Acharya Manadevasuri, an Acharya of the Śvetāmbara sect in the third century, mere recitation of Shantinatha's name negates all bad omens, brings peace and protects devotees from problems. Santistava is considered by Śvetāmbaras as one of the four most beautifully written stavans (hymn). Jinastotrāņi is a collection of hymn dedicated to Shantinatha along with Munisuvrata, Chandraprabha, Neminatha, Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha. Other Śvetāmbara hymns that are dedicated to Shantinatha are the Ajit-Shanti Stotra (a hymn dedicated to Shantinatha and the 2nd Tirthankara Ajitanatha) and the Bruhad-Shanti Stotra (a hymn dedicated to Shantinatha that is recited during the Snaatra Puja as per the Śvetāmbara tradition). During the Chaityavandan (a ritual that consists of a series of hymns in obeisance to a Tirthankara), lay-followers of the Śvetāmbara tradition recite a hymn Sakalkushalvalli which is dedicated to Shantinatha and the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha.

Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra praises the twenty-four tirthankaras, and its eight shlokas (songs) adore Shantinatha. One such shloka reads:

Literature

The Shantinatha Charitra, by Acharya Ajitprabhasuri in 14th century, describes the life of the 16th Jain Tirthankara Shantinatha. This text is the oldest example of miniature painting and has been declared as a global treasure by UNESCO. * Santyastaka is a hymn in praise of Śāntinātha composed by Acharya Pujyapada in the fifth century. Acharya Hemachandra's Trishashti-Shalakapurush-Charitra describes the previous births as well as the final birth of Shantinatha in detail as per the Śvetāmbara tradition. Shantipurana, written around the 10th century by Sri Ponna, is considered to be one of the three gems of Kannada literature.

Ajitasanti or Ajita-Śhānti-stava composed by Acharya Nandisenasuri, a seventh century Jain monk, a famous Śvetāmbara hymn, has alternate verses praising Ajitnatha and Shantinatha. Mahapurusha Charitra, compiled by Merutunga in the 13th—14th centuries, talks about Shantinatha. Santikara was compiled by Munisundarasuri in the 15th century.

Iconography

Shantinatha is usually depicted in a sitting or standing meditative posture with the symbol of a deer or antelope beneath him. Every has a distinguishing emblem that allows worshippers to distinguish similar-looking idols of the . The deer or antelope emblem of Shantinath is usually carved below the legs of the . Like all, Shantinath is depicted with Shrivatsa and downcast eyes.

Colossal statues

In 2016, the tallest statue of Shantinatha, with a height of 54feet, was erected in Ajmer. The 32feet statue of Shantinath at Prachin Bada Mandir, Hastinapur and Shantinath Jinalaya, Shri Mahavirji. Aggalayya Gutta in Warangal has a 30feet image carved in 11th century CE. The 22.5feet statue of Shantinath at Bhojpur Jain Temple.

Aharji enshrines a 22feet idol installed in 1180 CE. Shantinatha basadi, Halebidu houses a 18feet idol. Naugaza Digambar Jain temple in Alwar has 17.5feet colossi dated 922 CE. The 15feet image at Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho and Shantinath Basadi, Chandragiri. The 12.5feet statue in Bahuriband and Pawagiri, built in the 12th century.

Temples

Along with Rishabhanatha, Neminatha, Parshvanatha and Mahavira, Shantinatha is one of the five Tirthankaras who attract the most devotional worship among the Jains. Various Jain temple complexes across India feature him, and these are important pilgrimage sites in Jainism. Hastinapur, for example, is a hilly part of Uttar Pradesh, which is believed to have been a place of Shantinath, along with Aranatha and Kunthunath. Important Shantinatha temple complexes include Shantinatha Temple in Khajuraho (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Semliya Śvetāmbara Tirth, Bhopawar Śvetāmbara Tirth, Shantinatha temple, Halebidu, Prachin Bada Mandir, Hastinapur, Shantinath Temple in Deogarh, Shantinatha Basadi, Jinanathapura, Shantinath Jain Teerth, Aharji Jain Teerth, Shantinath Jain temple, Kothara, Odegal basadi, Pavagiri Tirth, Kanch Mandir of Indore, Ladnu Jain temple and Shantinath Jain Temple in Leicester, United Kingdom.

See also

References

Sources

Books

Web

Notes and References

  1. Encyclopedia: Tirthankara Definition, Names, & Facts . https://web.archive.org/web/20131015033744/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596895/Tirthankara . October 15, 2013 . October 15, 2013 . Encyclopaedia Britannica. live.
  2. Web site: Shantinatha, Śāntinātha, Shanti-natha . Wisdom Library . 6 July 2017 . 4 February 2023.