Sham Singh Attariwala Explained

Sham Singh Attariwala
Birth Place:Attari, Bhangi Misl, Sikh Confederacy
Death Date:10 February 1846
Death Place:Sobraon, Sikh Empire
Allegiance: Sikh Empire
Branch:Sikh Khalsa Army
Serviceyears:1817–1846
Rank:General of the Sikh Khalsa Army
Spouse:Mai Desa Kaur
Children:Thakur Singh
Kahn Singh
Nanaki Kaur Atariwala

Sham Singh Attariwala (1785 – 10 February 1846) was a general of the Sikh Empire.

Biography

Early life

He was born in the 1785 in the town of Attari (a few kilometres from the border of Indian and Pakistan Punjab in India), Amritsar, in the Majha region of Panjab, India. As a child he was educated in Gurmukhi and Persian.

Military career

When Ranjit Singh became the Maharaja of Punjab, he got Attariwala's services at his disposal. Ranjit Singh made him a 'Jathedar' of 5,000 horsemen. He participated actively in many campaigns, notably the campaign of Multan, campaign of Kashmir, campaign of the Frontier Province etc.

Sham Singh Attariwala is famous for his last stand at the Battle of Sobraon. He joined the Sikh military in 1817 and during the Afghan–Sikh Wars participated in the Battle of Attock, Battle of Multan, Battle of Peshawar, and the 1819 Kashmir expedition.[1]

Administrative career

Sham Singh Attariwala was a prominent courtier at the Lahore Darbar during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and till the ascendency of Duleep Singh. He was part of the delegation led by the crown prince, Kharak Singh, sent by Maharaja Ranjit Singh to felicitate Lord William Bentinck on 25 October 1831 at the Ropar Meeting.[2] He was the jagirdar of Pasrur, Sialkot, now in Pakistan.[3] When the boy Duleep Singh became the Maharaja, Sham Singh served on the council of regency.[4] [5] [6] [7]

Family

Sham Singh's daughter Nanaki Kaur Attariwala, later Kunwarani Nanaki Kaur, was married to Prince Nau Nihal Singh and upon his accession to the throne became the Maharani of the Sikh Empire.

Death

During the Battle of Sobraon, unlike the traitors, Lal Singh and Tej Singh, Sham Singh refused to abandon the battlefield and died a patriot's death.[8]

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Sikh Encyclopedia(ਸਿੱਖ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼) – Sham Singh Attarivala. 19 December 2000 . 4 July 2018.
  2. Book: Suri, Sohan Lal . Umdat ut-tawarikh . Guru Nanak University. 2002 . Amritsar . 106, vol. III part 1 . en.
  3. Book: Nalwa, Vanit . Ranjit Singh "Monarch Mystique" . HSNFT. 2022. New Delhi . 135 . 978-81-910526-1-9. en.
  4. Book: Between Poverty and the Pyre: Moments in the History of Widowhood . . 1995 . 0-415-08370-2 . Jan Bremmer . 179 . Lourens Van Den Bosch.
  5. Book: Sidhu . Kuldip Singh . Ranjit Singh's Khalsa Raj and Attariwala Sardars . 1994 . National Book Shop . 9788171161652.
  6. Book: Vishwanath Datta . Sati: a historical, social and philosophical enquiry into the Hindu rite of widow burning . 1988 . 9780913215319 . 279 . Riverdale Company . Vishwanath Datta.
  7. Book: Lepel Henry Griffin . Ranjit Singh and the Sikh Barrier Between Our Growing Empire and Central Asia . 1905 . 9788120619180 . 67 . Asian Educational Services . Lepel Griffin.
  8. Book: Singh, Harbans . Encyclopedia of Sikhism . Punjabi University, Patiala . 2004 . 2nd . 4: S-Z . 343–344.