Sh (digraph) explained

The digraph/letter Sh is a digraph of the Latin alphabet, which is written as a combination of S and H.

European languages

Albanian

In Albanian, sh represents pronounced as /link/. It is considered a distinct letter, named shë, and placed between S and T in the Albanian alphabet.

Breton

In Breton, sh represents pronounced as /link/. It is not considered a distinct letter and it is a variety of zh (e. g. Breton: ko'''sh'''oc'h ("older"). It is not considered as a digraph in compound words, such as kroashent ("roundabout": kroaz ("cross") + hent ("way", "ford").

English

In English, usually represents pronounced as /link/. The exception is in compound words, where the and are not a digraph, but pronounced separately, e.g. hogshead is hogs-head pronounced as //ˈhɒɡz.hɛd//, not *hog-shead pronounced as //ˈhɒɡ.ʃɛd//. Sh is not considered a distinct letter for collation purposes.

American Literary braille includes a single-cell contraction for the digraph with the dot pattern (1 4 6). In isolation it stands for the word "shall".

In Old English orthography, the sound pronounced as //ʃ// was written . In Middle English it came to be written or ; the latter spelling has been adopted as the usual one in Modern English.

Irish

In Irish, represents pronounced as /[h]/ and marks the lenition of (s); for example Irish: mo shaol pronounced as /[mˠə hiːlˠ]/ "my life" (cf. Irish: saol pronounced as /[sˠiːlˠ]/ "life").

Ladino

In Judaeo-Spanish, sh represents pronounced as /link/ and occurs in both native words (‘under’) and foreign ones (shalom, ‘hello’). In the Hebrew script it is written ש.

Occitan

In Occitan, sh represents pronounced as /link/. It mostly occurs in the Gascon dialect of Occitan and corresponds with s or ss in other Occitan dialects: peish = peis "fish", naishença = naissença "birth", sheis = sièis "six". An i before sh is silent: peish, naishença are pronounced pronounced as /[ˈpeʃ, naˈʃensɔ]/. Some words have sh in all Occitan dialects: they are Gascon words adopted in all the Occitan language (Aush "Auch", Arcaishon "Arcachon") or foreign borrowings (shampó "shampoo").

For s·h, see Interpunct#Occitan.

Spanish

In Spanish, sh represents pronounced as /link/ almost only in foreign origin words, as flash, show, shuara or geisha. Royal Spanish Academy recommends adapting in both spelling and pronunciation with s, adapting to common pronunciation in peninsular dialect. Nevertheless, in American dialects it is frequently pronounced [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]].[1]

Other languages

Somali

Sh represents the sound pronounced as /link/ in the Somali Latin Alphabet.[2] It is considered a separate letter, and is the 9th letter of the alphabet.

Uyghur

Sh represents the sound pronounced as /link/ in the Uyghur Latin script. It is considered a separate letter, and is the 14th letter of the alphabet.

Uzbek

In Uzbek, the letter sh represents pronounced as /link/. It is the 27th letter of the Uzbek alphabet.

Finnish and Estonian

In Finnish and Estonian, sh is used in place of š to represent [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]] when the accented character is unavailable.

Romanization

In the Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and Yale romanizations of Chinese, sh represents retroflex pronounced as /link/. It contrasts with pronounced as /link/, which is written x in Pinyin, hs in Wade-Giles, and sy in Yale.

In the Hepburn romanization of Japanese, sh represents pronounced as /link/. Other romanizations write pronounced as /[ɕ]/ as s before i and sy before other vowels.

International auxiliary languages

Ido

In Ido, sh represents pronounced as /link/.

Notes and References

  1. Royal Spanish Academy. Ortografía de la lengua española (2010). (in spanish), pp. 127-128
  2. Book: David D., Laitin. Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience. 1977-01-01. University of Chicago Press. 0226467910.