| Shōfuku-ji | |
| Native Name: | 聖福寺 |
| Map Type: | Japan Fukuoka Prefecture#Japan |
| Relief: | 1 |
| Location: | 6-1 Gokushocho, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken |
| Religious Affiliation: | Buddhist |
| Rite: | Rinzai school Myōshin-ji-branch |
| Country: |  Japan |
| Functional Status: | functional |
| Founded By: | Eisai |
| Year Completed: | 1195 |
is a Buddhist temple located in the Gokushōmachi neighborhood of Hakata, Fukuoka, Japan. It belongs to the Rinzai school Myōshin-ji-branch of Japanese Zen. Its sangō prefix is . It was founded by Eisai with support from Minamoto no Yoritomo, is the oldest Zen temple in Japan. Its precincts were designated a National Historic Site in 1969. [1]
According to the "Eisai Genjo"(栄西言上状) handed down at the temple, in 1195, after Eisai, the founder of Japan's Rinzai school, returned from Sung China, he was given eight chō (approximately 900 meters square) by Minamoto no Yoritomo to construct a temple was built on the site of Hyaku-do, a chapel which had been built by Chinese expatriates living in Hakata. The new temple was completed in 1204, and was given a plaque with calligraphy by Emperor Go-Toba for its Sanmon gate. This was Japan's first full-fledged Zen temple and Zen dojo. At its peak, it had 38 sub-temples and chapels in addition to its seven main halls and was the central temple of Hakata. Within the temple grounds, a market town (called "Kannai") was formed, and many place names of modern Hakata still reflect buildings of features of that settlement: Fugendo, Nakakoji, Uomachi, Amaya, Hasuike, and Nishimon. In addition, this was also the location of Chinzei Bugyō, the shogunate's official representative for Kyushu, and served as a point of contact for diplomatic negotiations, producing bilingual monks. In 1563, the temple was destroyed by fire during the wars of the Sengoku period. The temple was revived in 1570, but again in 1574, the temple completely disappeared and fell into disrepair. In 1587, the precincts were considerably reduced due to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's reconstruction of Hakata, but the daimyo Kobayakawa Takakage donated additional land, and under his protection many structures were rebuilt. The temple received addition territory from Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1595 and Kuroda Nagamasa in 1600.[2]
This temple was originally an independent temple of the Rinzai school, but after its founder Eisai opened Kennin-ji in Kyoto, it became part of the Kennin-ji sect. In the Edo period, by order of Kuroda Nagamasa, it became a temple of the Myōshinji sect, which continues to this day.
The temple is located a three-minute walk from Gion Station (Fukuoka) on the Kūkō Line (Fukuoka City Subway).[2]