| Seyhan | |
| Name Native: | |
| Name Other: | Sarus |
| Map: | Seyhan river (map).jpg |
| Map Size: | 280px |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Turkey |
| Subdivision Type3: | Provinces |
| Subdivision Name3: | Kayseri, Adana, Mersin |
| Subdivision Type4: | Districts |
| Subdivision Name4: | Aladağ, Karaisalı, Çukurova, Sarıçam, Seyhan, Yüreğir, Tarsus |
| Subdivision Type5: | Towns/Cities |
| Subdivision Name5: | Adana, ancient Augusta |
| Length: | 560km (350miles) |
| Source1: | Akinek Dağı |
| Source1 Location: | Aladağ, Adana, Turkey |
| Source1 Elevation: | 1500m (4,900feet) |
| Mouth: | Cape Deli, Mediterranean Sea |
| Mouth Location: | Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey |
| Basin Size: | 20450km2[1] |
| Tributaries Left: | Zamantı |
The Seyhan River (formerly written Seihan, Sihun; ancient name: Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Σάρος, Sáros), alternatively known as Sarus (or in Turkish as Sarus Su),[2] is the longest river of Cilicia and the longest of Turkey that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The river is long and flows southwest from its headwaters in the Tahtalı-Mountains (in Sivas and Kayseri provinces) in the Anti-Taurus Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea via a broad delta. Its main tributaries are Zamantı and Göksu, which unite in Aladağ, Adana to form the Seyhan River. The Zamantı River originates from the Uzun Plateau in Pınarbaşı, Kayseri and crosses Tomarza, Develi and Yahyalı districts in Kayseri.
Its sources were reported being in the Taurus Mountains in Cataonia. It flowed through Cappadocia by the town of Comana, then through Cilicia. It is noted by numerous ancient authors including Livy, Xenophon,[3] Procopius,[4] Strabo, Ptolemy, Appian,[5] Pliny the Elder, and Eustathius of Thessalonica who erroneously calls it Sinarus.[6]
from its mouth, Seyhan River flows through the city of Adana, the only settlement situated on the river. Several bridges and footbridges cross the river in Adana including the Stone Bridge, a 2nd-century Roman bridge. Ancient city of Augusta was also situated on the river, corresponding today to the east side of the Çatalan reservoir. The river meets the Mediterranean Sea at Cape Deli.
An ancient Greco-Roman legend mentions that the name of the city of Adana originates from Adanus, the son of the Greek god Uranus, who founded the city next to the river with his brother. His brother's name, Sarus, was given to the river.[7]
Originally, the River Sarus flowed from the mountains,[8] became the Seyhan River whilst passing through Cilicia and then onwards to the Mediterranean Sea.[2]
In 2009, a total of 33 fish species were listed as being found in the Seyhan River, including 29 native, 3 introduced and 4 endemic species. Eight amphibians were listed and two of them (Rana holtzi and Triturus vittatus cilicensis) are known to be endemic to the river.[1]
The major Seyhan Dam upstream of Adana serves for irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control. Yedigöze, Çatalan and Kavşak Bendi are the other dams on Seyhan River which also serve the same purposes. The river is currently under extensive development for hydroelectric power and irrigation.[9]