Sexual orientation change efforts and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints explained

Because of its ban against same-sex sexual activity and same-sex marriage the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has a long history of teaching that its adherents who are attracted to the same sex can and should attempt to alter their feelings through righteous striving and sexual orientation change efforts (or SOCE, also called conversion therapy or reparative therapy).^[1] Reparative therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation from homosexual or bisexual to heterosexual, or their gender identity from transgender to cisgender using psychological, physical, or spiritual interventions. There is no reliable evidence that such practices can alter sexual orientation or gender identity, and many medical institutions warn that conversion therapy is ineffective and potentially harmful.

The LDS Church's statements and actions have overwhelmingly focused on male homosexuality and rarely mention lesbianism or bisexuality.^[2] These current teachings and policies leave homosexual members with the option of potentially harmful attempts to change their sexual orientation, entering a mixed-orientation opposite-sex marriage, or living a celibate lifestyle without any sexual expression (including masturbation).^{[3] [4]}

While the LDS church has somewhat softened its stance toward LGBTQ individuals in recent years leaders continued to communicate into 2015 that changing one's sexual orientation was possible through personal righteousness, prayer, faith in Christ, psychotherapy, and group therapy and retreats.^[5] From 1976 until 1989 the Church Handbook called for church discipline for members attracted to the same sex equating merely being homosexual with the seriousness of acts of adultery and child molestation—even celibate gay people were subject to excommunication.^[2] Church publications now state that "individuals do not choose to have such attractions", its church-run therapy services no longer provides sexual orientation change efforts, and the church has no official stance on the causes of homosexuality.^{[6] [7]} A 2016 article on a church website states that, "While shifts in sexuality can and do occur for some people, it is unethical to focus professional treatment on an assumption that a change in sexual orientation will or must occur."^[8]

History

Stances towards the mutability of homosexuality by church leaders have softened over the years. In the 1960s and 1970s Church leaders taught that homosexuality was a curable disease and they encouraged self-help attempts by homosexual members to change their sexual orientation and cultivate heterosexual feelings.^[9] To assist in this, leaders developed an aversion therapy program on BYU campus for gay adolescents and adults from 1959^[10] to the mid-1990s^[2] since simply being attracted to people of the same sex was an excommunicable sin under church president Kimball. Teachings later changed as it became clear these self-help and aversive techniques were not working and, thus, from the 1980s to the 2000s reparative therapy (also called conversion therapy) became the dominant treatment method.^[2] It was often recommended by Evergreen in an attempt to help homosexual members "unchoose" or "unlearn" their attractions.^[2]

In a 2010 survey of 625 Utah individuals 55% of Mormons believed sexual orientation could be changed,^[11] and a 2015 survey of 1,612 LGBT Mormons and former Mormons found that 73% of men and 43% of women had attempted sexual orientation change, usually through multiple methods across many years.^[12] Counselor-led sexual orientation change efforts dwindled among members around 2015 as church teachings evolved with leaders explicitly stating in 2012 that same-sex sexual attractions were not a choice and affirming in 2016 that therapy focusing on a change in sexual orientation was unethical.

A table summarizing some of the major shifts in official dialogue is found below.

Summary of changes in teachings on sexual orientation change efforts! Topic! Earlier teachings! Transitional teachings! Current teachings

Sexual orientation change efforts	Electroshock aversion therapy recommended,^[13] ^[14] reparative therapy encouraged,^[15] curable disease,^[16] ^[17] should be overcome^[18]	Conversion therapy may be appropriate,^[19] denounces any abusive practices^[20]	Reparative therapy and other sexual orientation change efforts no longer practiced^[21] ^[22]
Heterosexual dating & marriage	As a therapeutic step^[23] ^[24] ^[25] ^[26]		Not to be seen as a therapy or solution^[27] ^[28]

Aversion therapy at BYU

In 1959 BYU began administering "aversion therapy" to "cure," "repair," or "reorient" homosexual feelings or behavior among Mormon males. The on-campus program lasted through the 60s and 70s, and faded out over three decades later in the mid-1990s.^{[29] [2]} BYU mental health counselors, LDS bishops, stake presidents, mission presidents, general authorities, and the BYU Standards Office (equivalent to today's Honor Code Office) all referred young men to the BYU program. Gerald J. Dye, who was over the University Standards Office from 1971 to 1980^[30] (renamed the Honor Code Office in 1991), stated that part of the "set process" for homosexual BYU students referred to his office for "less serious" offenses was to require that they undergo therapy to remain at BYU and that in special cases this included "electroshock and vomiting aversion therapies." From 1975 to 1976 Max Ford McBride, a student at BYU, conducted electroshock aversion therapy on 17 men (with 14 completing the treatment) and published a dissertation on the use of electrical aversive techniques to treat ego-dystonic homosexuality.^[31] Participant in the 1975–76 BYU study Don Harryman wrote that he experienced "burns on [his] arms and ... emotional trauma."^{[32] [33]} In 2011 BYU admitted to the past use of electroshock therapy.^[34]

Criticisms

Past leaders' teachings on reparative therapy and the origins of homosexuality have been criticized. In the late 90s psychiatrist Jeffery R. Jensen, a University of Utah alumnus,^[35] criticized church reparative therapy modalities and etiological theories around homosexuality in multiple presentations as lacking scientific integrity as he believed they were dictated from top church leaders rather than drawn from actual empirical observation by trained professionals. He also stated that current church publications on the subject were condescending, dehumanizing pontifications using caricatures and stereotypes of gay men and lesbians to distort knowledge and facts in order to justify oppressive standards and norms. He continued asserting that "far too many of our lesbian and gay youths kill themselves because of what you say about them" since gay men and lesbians cannot be made heterosexual, and "those who believe your false promises and remain celibate in the hopes of eventual 'cure' are consigned to a misery."^{[36] [37]} Soon after, The American Psychiatric Association disavowed therapy trying to change sexual orientation as ineffective and destructive.^[38]

Timeline of LDS actions and discussions around preventing and changing homosexuality

LDS church leaders explicitly promoted therapy attempts to change sexual orientation in the past, but have recently shifted away from those previous views. Some events and publications around reparative or conversion therapy and the LDS church are shown below:

1930s

• 1930s – Newspapers in the largely LDS Utah cities of Salt Lake and Ogden discussed ways of altering sexuality such as hormone treatment, by educating young children in mixed-sex schools, and by one attempting to wean oneself from same-sex attractions via an opposite-sex romantic relationship.^{[39] [40] [41]} Another article stated that one woman's homosexuality stemmed from a traumatic witnessing of her mother in a painful delivery of a sibling, and that increased divorces and decreasing young marriages contributed to an increase in homosexuality. The article added "it is possible" but, "very difficult to change an adult homosexual into a normal man or woman", and "they must be determined individuals."^[42]

1940s

• 1948 – Gay BYU students Kent Goodridge Taylor and Richard Snow,^[43] who were in love, went to visit with church president George Albert Smith, who told them to "live their lives as best they could" in their companionship. Smith wrote the words "Homo Sexual" in his appointment book. Earl Kofoed, who went from BYU from 1946 to 1948, similarly reported a "live and let live" attitude of leaders towards LGBT Mormons, and described a thriving gay community of friends at BYU. He stated that there were no witch hunts, excommunications, or pressure to change one's sexual orientation at BYU like there would be in later decades.

1950s

• 1959 – Church leaders begin their electroshock aversion therapy program on BYU campus in an attempt to change the sexual orientation of gay teens and men. The on-campus program lasted over three decades into the mid-90s.^[2]

1960s

• 1960 – The church newspaper printed an article on homosexuality based on a speech from a Salt Lake City psychiatrist. The article said male homosexuality was an illness caused by an absent father and a domineering mother in early adolescence which caused the child to identify more with the female. It added homosexuality could be cured by psychiatric treatment, and prevented by fathers "wear[ing] the pants in the family" and working and playing with their boys.^[44]
• 1961 – An editorial in the church newspaper by apostle Mark Petersen used the rape and murder of an 11-year-old girl in American Fork, Utah to characterize homosexual people as child rapists and "deviates pose[ing] a danger to children on every street in every community". He added, "homosexuals ... are emotionally sick and disabled creatures. ... They are waiting. They are hunting. They are seeking .... The deviates prowl that jungle."^[45]
• 1961 – Apostle Lee gave a lengthy anecdote about a woman in love with another woman stating that the ugly practice and unpardonable sin of homosexuality is more common than we realize. He had her promise to never return to homosexuality and pray to become what he termed a normal, natural woman.^{[46] [47]}

• 1964 – Apostle Kimball addressed seminary and institute faculty on BYU campus calling homosexuality a "malady", "disease", and an "abominable and detestable crime against nature" that was "curable" by "self mastery".^{[2] [48]} He cited one lay bishop (a businessman by trade) assigned by the church to administer a "program of rehabilitation" through which there had been "numerous cures". He said "the police, the courts, and the judges" had referred "many cases directly" to the church.^{[49] [50]}
• 1965 – Kimball again addressed homosexuality in a January 5 BYU speech. He called it a "gross", "heinous", "obnoxious", "abominable" "vicious" sin. The text states that those with homosexual "desires and tendencies" could "correct" and "overcome" it "the same as if he had the urge toward petting or fornication or adultery", but that "the cure ... is like the cure for alcoholism, subject to continued vigilance". In the speech he stated BYU "will never knowingly enroll ... nor tolerate ... anyone with these tendencies who fails to repent", and that it is a "damnable heresy" for a homosexual person to say "God made them that way". He also stated that sometimes masturbation is an introduction to homosexuality.^[51]
• 1967 – The church's newspaper published an editorial which discouraged mothers from over-indulging their sons as it may turn them against parenthood and women, and this rebellion had driven one son into a homosexual life.^[52]

• 1969 – Kimball released his book The Miracle of Forgiveness, in which he teaches that masturbation can lead to acts of homosexuality. His book was quoted in a 1979 church manual: "the glorious thing to remember is that [homosexuality] is curable .... Certainly it can be overcome .... How can you say the door cannot be opened until your knuckles are bloody, till your head is bruised, till your muscles are sore?"^[53] Kimball viewed many homosexuals as "basically good people who have become trapped in sin" and that "some totally conquer homosexuality in a few months." However, he also says that homosexual behavior can lead to sex with animals.
• 1969 – An article in the church's newspaper quoted one school superintendent discouraging sex-segregated children's schooling since, "All-boy school or all-girl schools tend to reinforce a deviant way of life ... and homosexual behavior is likely to result."^[54]

Early 1970s

• 1970 – Church leaders released the Bishop's Training Course and Self-Help Guide for leaders which stated, "[t]hough many have been told [homosexuality] is incurable, that is not true."^[2]
• 1970 – The church produced Hope for Transgressors in which apostles Spencer W. Kimball and Mark E. Petersen offer ideas to leaders about how to effect a "total cure" and "bring the lives of [men with homosexual tendencies] into total normalcy" and "help these people recover" (lesbians are only mentioned once).^{[55] [2]} Ideas include prayer, cutting off contact with homosexual friends, dating women and marriage, and scripture reading.^{[56] [2]} He calls homosexuality a "despicable", "degraded", "dread practice", and a "perversion" that would "doom the world" while labeling the person a "generally lonely and sensitive" "deviate" and "afflicted one". The guide notes that Kimball and Mark E. Petersen were designated as the church specialists on homosexuality, and that homosexuality is not "totally" the fault of "family conditions" and concludes it "CAN be cured if the battle is well organized and pursued vigorously and continuously" (emphasis in the original).^[57]
• 1970 – The First Presidency under Joseph Fielding Smith sent a letter to stake presidents on March 19 which expressed concern over "the apparent increase in homosexuality and other deviations" and mentioned the 1959 assignment of apostles Kimball and Mark E. Petersen to help homosexuals.^{[29] [58] [56]} It was indicated that Kimball and Petersen would "send material and give counsel" as church specialists over "a program designed ... to counsel and direct [homosexuals] back to normalcy and happiness". A follow-up letter to leaders on December 23 asked them to "ask direct questions" about homosexuality when conducting pre-mission interviews. Within eight years they had counseled over one thousand individuals.^[2]
• 1970 – Victor L. Brown of the Presiding Bishopric gave a General Conference address in which he stated that a "normal" and "healthy" 12- or 13-year-old boy or girl could "develop into a homosexual" if "exposed to pornographic literature" and "abnormalities". He explains that exposure to the material would "crystallize and settle their habits for the rest of their lives", while calling recent media reporting on a same-sex marriage "filth on our newsstands".^{[59] [60]}

• 1971 – The church published a 34-page letter from Kimball to homosexual men titled New Horizons for Homosexuals.^[2] In it Kimball called homosexuality "a ruinous practice of perversion" that the church "will never condone" that begins with "curiosity" and "an unholy practice" like "an octopus with numerous tentacles to drag [the person] down to [their] tragedy". He states that saying "perverts are ... born 'that way'" is a "base lie" since homosexuality is "curable" and "can be overcome" and "recover[ed]" from.^[2] The letter asserts "God made no man a pervert" or "evil" and that "[t]o blame a weakness ... upon God is cowardly." It also calls homosexuality "ugly", "degenerate", "unnatural", "vicious", "base", a "waste of power", a "deep sin", and "an end to the family and ... civilization". The publication advises for the homosexual to recover they must "shun" anyone "associated with the transgression" and pray and read the scriptures.^[61]
• 1971 – In general conference presiding bishopric counselor Victor L. Brown stated that God created masculine and feminine traits, and if gendered appearance and behavioral traits are ignored, it can lead to the "reprehensible, tragic sin of homosexuality".^[62]

• 1973 – The church published its first leaders guide on homosexuality for bishops and stake presidents titled "Homosexuality: Welfare Services Packet 1".^[2] It posited that "homosexual behavior" begins by being "molested" while also stating "not all who are molested become homosexual". Additionally, it said homosexuality was a learned behavior and not inborn, and that members should flee from other gays.^{[2] [50]} It also suggested that homosexuality is caused by "a domineering mother and a passive father" and that "misunderstandings of sexuality among LDS people can contribute to homosexuality." As far as changing the sexual orientation of the person, the packet says that the lesbian "needs to learn feminine behavior", and the gay man "must be introduced to and learn the heterosexual or 'straight' way of life ... and what a manly priesthood leader and father does".^[63] The guide was written by BYU psychology professor Allen Bergin and LDS Social Services Personal Welfare director Victor L. Brown Jr. (the son of Presiding Bishop Victor L. Brown).^{[63] [64] [9]}

• 1973 – The July Ensign contained an article by BYU psychology professor Allen Bergin on agency. The article portrays some homosexuals as "psychologically disturbed persons" who are "compulsively driven to frequent and sometimes bizarre acts". He cites two clients with "compulsive or uncontrollable homosexuality" caused by intense fear for the opposite sex, a lack of social skills for normal male-female relationships, and seeking security exclusively from the same sex. Bergin discusses the behaviorist sexual orientation change efforts he used to treat these individuals.^[65]
• 1974 – The church's July edition of the Ensign magazine published the article "I Have a Question", in which a Mormon medical doctor states that homosexuals have "chosen this way of life" but "can be helped". Dr. Lindsay M. Curtis continues saying that "homosexuals and lesbians seldom are happy people" and their relationships are "unnatural", full of "emotional problems" and "promiscuity", and lacking in "fidelity, trust, or loyalty". Additionally, they try to recruit "others into their practice ... in their tender, impressionable years".^[66]
• 1974 – Kimball gave his October "God Will Not be Mocked" speech at general conference as the church's president in which he again stated that masturbation leads to homosexuality. He also said "[e]very form of homosexuality is sin. Pornography is one of the approaches to that transgression."

Late 1970s

• 1975 – The First Presidency sent a letter on May 30 to church leaders about the "unfortunate problem of homosexuality" encouraging them to not label people as homosexual because it makes the seem beyond solving to "conquer the habit".^[10]
• 1975 – The Ensign published an article by Presiding bishop Victor L. Brown which addressed parents stating that the "lack of proper affection in the home can result in unnatural behavior in their children such as homosexuality."^[67]

• 1975 – Robert Blattner of LDS Social Services (which had been tasked by the church to treat homosexual members since 1972) gave an address at the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists (AMCAP) annual conference. Blattner served as a special assistant to the LDS Commissioner of Personal Welfare Victor Brown Jr. In the address Blattner states that the causes of homosexuality in men are a "disturbed family background" of an "absent father" and "usually" a "controlling mother" and a "lack of relationship with peers", while for women he only says "we don't have much information". He also says homosexual behavior and alcoholism are similar. He is asked what "the church's feelings are about electric shock ... behavior modification" and answered the church had "never made a statement on it" but that "most people coming to us can be helped by it" in reference to aversion therapy research happening at BYU.^{[68] [69]}
• 1975 – LDS psychologist Robert D. Card presented his research on changing sexual attractions on Mormon men and women using shock aversion and hypnosis techniques at the AMCAP conference.^[70] The goal of his treatment was eliminating same-sex sexual behavior and having his clients enter an opposite-sex marriage as was common among the Mormon approach to homosexual individuals before the 80s. Card was a prominent proponent of aversion therapy and held a patent on the penile plethysmograph for measuring male sexual arousal to determine when to administer vomit-inducing drugs or electric shocks while showing his clients gay pornography.^{[71] [72]} He had clients referred to him by Utah judges and bishops.^{[73] [74]}
• 1976 – A version of the Church Handbook was released changing the 1968 reading of "homo-sexual acts" being grounds for a church court to "moral transgression" like "homosexuality".^{[75] [76]} This change seemed to make Mormons vulnerable to church punishment for having a homosexual orientation alone even without sexual activity. From 1976 until 1989 under president Kimball the Church Handbook continued to call for church discipline for members attracted to the same sex even if they were celibate, equating merely being homosexual with the seriousness of acts of adultery and child molestation.^[2]
• 1976 – Apostle Packer gave the sermon "To Young Men Only" in the priesthood session of general conference. The sermon counseled against the "perversion" and "wicked practices" of men "handling one another" and having physical "contact ... in unusual ways". He asserted that it is a "malicious and destructive lie" that "some are born with an attraction to their own kind". The sermon was published as a pamphlet by the church from 1980 to 2016.^[77]
• 1977 – In the April general conference presiding bishopric member J. Richard Clarke told a story of a young man who claimed to have "developed into a homosexual" as part of attention-seeking rebellion against his distant father. In the address homosexuality was called a "vitiating disease" and "prison".^[78]

• 1977 – Under the name Affirmation: Gay Mormons United, the first Affirmation group was organized on 11 June^[79] in Salt Lake City by Stephan Zakharias (formerly Stephen James Matthew Prince) and a group of other Mormon and former-Mormon gays and lesbians at the conference for the Salt Lake Coalition for Human Rights.^{[80] [81] [82]} Stephan organized the group in response to the suicides of two BYU friends who had undergone shock aversion therapy on the campus.^[83]
• 1977 – Deseret News editorials were sent to top church leaders for approval before publication.^[84] Within the span of two years after that first article Petersen penned five more Church News editorials discussing the origins of same-sex eroticism and its changeability. In January he wrote, "The homosexuals claim that God made them that way and hence are powerless to change, which is a complete fabrication and a deep delusion, for it was the Lord who provided the death penalty for these people in ancient times."^[85] In December he stated, "Since homosexuals ... have come out of hiding ... many of them claim that they are what they are because they were born that way and cannot help it. How ridiculous is such a claim. It was not God who made them that way, any more than He made bank robbers the way they are."^{[86] [87]}
• 1977 – At a backstage press conference Church president Kimball praised Anita Bryant's anti-gay "Save Our Children" crusade which sought to bar the passing of nondiscrimination laws which would protect sexual minorities from being kicked out of their homes, fired from their jobs, and banned from restaurants solely for their sexual orientation. He stated that she was "doing a great service." He continued stating that "the homosexual program is not a natural, normal way of life" and that church bishops and college-educated church counselors can provide experienced aid to those with "homosexual problems."^{[2] [88] [89]}

• 1978 – Packer delivered a sermon at BYU on March 5 which went on to be published by the church as a pamphlet called "To The One."^[90] Packer characterized homosexual activity as a perversion and posited that it had its roots in selfishness and stated that gay feelings could be "cured" with "unselfish thoughts, with unselfish acts".^[90] He further stated that the church had not previously talked more about homosexuality because "we can very foolishly cause things we are trying to prevent by talking too much about them".^[90]
• 1978 – Church president Spencer W. Kimball stated in the April conference that without the restraints of family life and real religion there would be an "avalanche of appetites" leading to an increase in homosexuality.^[91]
• 1978 – San Francisco PBS station KQED funded and aired a 16-minute documentary by Andrew Welch featuring interviews of gay Mormons in Salt Lake City and Provo and BYU psychologists administering the electroshock aversion therapy program in attempt to make gay students straight. It aired on PBS stations in Boston, New York City, and Los Angeles, and was the subject of controversy in Utah as KUED general manager Robert Reed refused to air it in July 1978.^{[92] [93]} Additionally, BYU's KBYU refused to air the documentary after Reverend Bob Waldrop of the Salt Lake Metropolitan Community Church petitioned to have it aired in response to the recent of showing of Packer's "To the One" speech on homosexuality.^[94]
• 1978 – In a Church News article apostle Mark Petersen stated that "it was not God who made [homosexuals] that way" since "He gave all mankind free agency."^[95]
• 1979 – The LDS Welfare Services Department offered a video-recorded, several-day training seminar to LDS Social Services employees on "homosexual therapies".^[96]
• 1979 – LDS psychologist Ed D. Lauritsen presented a paper written under the direction of BYU's Values Institute to LDS Social Services which stated that a nurturing father "almost always serves as a form of psychological immunization against homosexuality in most cases" and that by improving his relationship with his children a father will "reduce the possibility of homosexuality among his children". He also stated that all LDS clinicians have a duty to "labor for the prevention of homosexuality."^{[29] [97]}
• 1979 – In a BYU devotional church seventy Vaughn Featherstone stated "the homosexual cannot be exalted" and that homosexual members envy "normal" members of the church while hiding their perversion and falsely believing it's not their fault they're gay and that God made them different.^{[98] [99]}
• 1979 – BYU's newspaper published a series of articles in April quoting church leaders and gay BYU students on homosexuality.^{[100] [98]} A BYU counselor estimated that 4% of BYU students (or around 1,200 students) were homosexual^{[98] [101] [102]} and commissioner of LDS Social Services Harold Brown stated that homosexuality is not biological or inborn,^[103] and that church leaders just want to help them overcome their problem.^[104] LDS Social Services Personal Welfare director Victor Brown Jr. compared it to an alcoholic's addiction that can be cured.

Early 1980s

• 1980 – Kimball addressed homosexuality in the October General Conference asserting that "[s]ometimes masturbation is the introduction to the more serious ... sin of homosexuality."
• 1981 – Church leaders sent every bishop and stake president a copy of a book on human sexuality and families by Church Welfare Services director^[105] Victor Brown Jr. The book stated that it was disturbing that renowned sexologists had stated that bisexual individuals were privileged for not experiencing sexual prejudice and that they pointed the way for society at large.^{[106] [107]} Brown further stated that equating same-sex relationships with opposite-sex marriage was fallacious and inconsistent and that homosexual people were less disciplined and orderly in their relationships than heterosexuals.^[108]
• 1981 – The church issued a guide for LDS Social Services employees called Understanding and Changing Homosexual Orientation Problems, instructing them that because of agency it is "inconsistent" to think that a "homosexual orientation is inborn or locked in, and there is no real hope of change," and that "the homosexually oriented man ... does not fully understand how a masculine man is supposed to think and act." The guide further states that the homosexual's "thoughts of the opposite sex are often fearful or threatening."^[109]

• 1981 – The First Presidency and Twelve Apostles also issued a guide for church leaders simply called "Homosexuality" which stated "modern-day prophets have clearly promised that homosexuality can be changed", and that it was "inconceivable that ... [the Lord] would permit ... his children to be born with [homosexual] desires and inclinations".^[2] It advised "full rehabilitation" could take 1 to 3 years, and that being "cured" doesn't mean "the old thoughts never return". The booklet gave guidelines for "treatment and prevention of homosexuality" and "lesbianism". It taught that homosexual behavior is learned and influenced by "unhealthy emotional development in early childhood", a "disturbed family background, "poor relationships with peers", "unhealthy sexual attitudes", and "early homosexual experiments". "Early masturbation experiences" were also cited as reinforcing "homosexual interests". Church leaders recommended the leader encourage the member to disclose the names of sexual partners, to read The Miracle of Forgiveness and "To the One", to begin dating, and to pray in order to help change their sexual orientation.^[110]
• 1981 – Church Welfare Services director Victor Brown Jr. published an article in the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists journal which outlined his theory on how men become gay stating that "homosexuality is learned not inherent" and caused by "parent-child disturbances, gender and role distortion, relationship skill deficits", "masturbatory fantasy", "a severe realization of being different", and then a merging of the "person and [homosexual] role".^[111]
• 1981 – In General Conference, church Seventy Hartman Rector Jr. gave a speech in which he stated the earth would be wasted if Jesus returns and "finds nothing but birth control, sterilization, and homosexuals." He added, "If children have a happy family experience they will not want to be homosexual."^[112] Rector also stated he was "sure" that homosexuality "is an acquired addiction, just as drugs, alcohol and pornography are." He also stated "I do not believe" that homosexuals "were born that way" because "[t]here are no female spirits trapped in male bodies and vice versa."^{[113] [114] [115]}
• 1981 – A march of about 15 gay post-Mormons calling themselves "Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights" was given city permission to protest on public property around Temple Square during the church's general conference with signs like "We are God’s Children." The leader Randy Smith (whose drag performance name was Ethel) had previously undergone electroshock aversion therapy at BYU.^{[116] [117] [118]}
• 1982 – Apostle Ezra Benson stated in general conference that homosexuality was one of the most obvious great problems in our society and caused by failure in the home.^[119]
• 1984 – Church seventy Richard G. Scott gave a discourse in which he says sexual "stimulation can lead to acts of homosexuality, and [those] are evil and absolutely wrong".^[120]

Late 1980s

• 1986 – BYU published a study by BYU professor and area Church Welfare Services director Victor Brown Jr.^[121] stating that people can eliminate homosexual feelings.^{[122] [123]}
• 1986 – Church seventy Theodore Burton stated in a BYU-wide address that pornography is a selfish indulgence that leads to homosexuality.^{[124] [125]}
• 1986 – The New York Times published an article on AIDS in Utah citing the strong influence that Mormon teachings have on the state since 65% of the population were Mormon. The article stated that church members identified as homosexual were directed by the church to marry and that they faced great pressure not to acknowledge their gay feelings often leading to double lives. It further stated that since 1983, 47 Utahns had been diagnosed with AIDS and 24 had died. Several gay Mormon men were quoted saying that they had faced church pressure to marry with the belief that marriage would "cure" their feelings.^[126]
• 1986 – An article for parents appeared in the Ensign reaffirming that "sometimes masturbation is the introduction to ... the gross sin of homosexuality" which "is a perversion of the Lord’s designated roles of men and women".^[127]

• 1986 – Dallin H. Oaks commented in a December 30 CBS-TV interview that "marriage is not doctrinal therapy for homosexual relations" and that "he did not know whether individual leaders have given such advice."^{[128] [129]}
• 1987 – Gordon B. Hinckley of the First Presidency gave a conference address in which he stated, "homosexual relations ... are grievous sins." He continued by saying "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God .... Marriage should not be viewed as a therapeutic step to solve problems such as homosexual inclinations or practices, which first should clearly be overcome with a firm and fixed determination never to slip to such practices again."^[130]
• 1987 – Seventy Theodore M. Burton implied a link between a "selfish indulgence" in pornography and homosexuality in his address to BYU on June 3.^[131]
• 1988 – The Ensign featured an article from BYU psychologist Allen Bergin in which he stated that homosexuality was "caused by some combination of biology and environment".^[132]
• 1989 – The Church Handbook was updated to and signalled a small softening by switching focus from the attractions themselves to actions.^[2] It additionally stated that a church court is required for any "homosexual relations" committed by a member while holding a "prominent church position" such as a bishop^[133]
• 1989 – Evergreen International was founded to help Mormons who want to "diminish same-sex attractions and overcome homosexual behavior".^[134]

Early 1990s

• 1990 – The church published a version of the "For the Strength of Youth" pamphlet which contained its first explicit mention of homosexuality.^[135] The pamphlet was to be put "in the hands of every young person in each ward".^[136] In this pamphlet's eighth version section on "Sexual Purity" it stated "unnatural affections ... toward persons of the same gender are counter to God's eternal plan".^[137]
• 1990 – The church distributed the booklet "Keys to Understanding Homosexuality" to its LDS Social Services employees which contained twenty-five suggestions to help male homosexual clients such as discouraging them from coming out of the closet, increasing their hope for changing their attractions, and helping them dress and act heterosexual.^[138]
• 1990 – The first Utah pride march occurred. It was organized by Connell O'Donovan who attended LDS seminary as a teen,^[139] and underwent hypnosis therapy in attempts to change his attractions to men as recommended by his church leaders.^{[140] [141]} The marchers went right past the Salt Lake temple and the event complemented the annual Utah Gay and Lesbian Pride Day Festival that had been held since 1986. During next year's march participants were met with neo-nazi protesters at the Salt Lake City and County building.^{[142] [143]}
• 1991 – The First Presidency sent a letter on November 14 to be read in all congregations stating "homosexual and lesbian behavior is sinful" and that homosexual "thoughts and feelings, regardless of their causes, can and should be overcome" by "sincere repentance", "persistent effort", "the help of others", and "counsel from their bishop". The letter made a distinction "between immoral thoughts and feelings and participating in ... any homosexual behavior", and calls for "love and understanding" for those "struggling" to "overcom[e] inappropriate thoughts and feelings".^[144]

• 1992 – The church published "Understanding and Helping Those Who Have Homosexual Problems" as a guide for ecclesiastical leaders. The six-page booklet states, "There is a distinction between immoral thoughts and feelings and participating in ... homosexual behavior. However, such thoughts and feelings, regardless of their causes can and should be overcome and sinful behavior should be eliminated." It further advised, "members can overcome these problems by turning to the Lord." "In some cases, heterosexual feelings emerge leading to happy, eternal marriage relationships." The pamphlet did not frame homosexuality as a disease corresponding to the recent change by the World Health Organization removing homosexuality as a mental disorder.^{[56] [145]} However, it continued to deny any biological origins stating "there is no conclusive evidence that anyone is born with a homosexual orientation."^[2]
• 1993 – A poll of over 400 BYU students found that 41% believed the church only accepted same-sex oriented individuals as long as they changed their sexual orientation and 10% believed the church would excommunicate them regardless of sexual behavior.^[146]

• 1993 – Packer gave his May 18 "Talk to the All-Church Coordinating Council" (composed of the First Presidency, the Quorum of the Twelve, and the Presiding Bishopric).^[147] In it Packer stated that a man who self-identifies as a homosexual has "gender disorientation".^[148]
• 1993 – Church Seventy Spencer J. Condie related a story of a homosexual man's conversion in his October General Conference talk. Condie calls homosexuality an unclean "addictive behavior" that the man in the story developed "gradually" after being "introduced" to it "in his early youth" after which he had "relationships" which brought him "misery". Later the man read the Book of Mormon, experienced a "mighty change of heart", and was baptized, and was able to overcome his "homosexual tendencies" and marry a woman.^[149]
• 1993 – BYU faculty reported that church leaders supported church-employed counselors in using a reparative therapy approach which assumed homosexuality could change.^[15]
• 1994 – Disciples2, a confidential online and email support group, was founded. It operated from 1994 to about 2013^[150] for male and female "strugglers" striving to follow church teachings.^{[151] [152]}
• 1994 – The church's publishing company published Laurie Campbell's "Born That Way?" under a pen name on her leaving a relationship with a woman and marrying a man.^{[153] [154]}
• 1994 – Apostle Richard G. Scott gave a conference address restating a part of Spencer W. Kimball's October 1980 conference talk by saying that "stimulation" or masturbation can lead to "acts of homosexuality".^[155]
• 1994 – Apostle James E. Faust gave a speech at BYU in which he stated that homosexuality is not biological or inborn and that same-sex marriage would unravel families, the fabric of human society.^[156]
• Mid-1990s – Gay Mormon Josh Weed went through reparative therapy administered by Family Services.^[157]
• Mid-1990s – BYU's on-campus electroshock aversion therapy program which had begun in 1959 ended over three decades later in the mid-1990s.^[2]

Late 1990s

• 1995 – The church's Family Services published the manual "Understanding and Helping Individuals with Homosexual Problems" advising practitioners how to prevent and treat homosexuality saying, "There is sufficient scientific research and clinical evidence to conclude that homosexuality is treatable and preventable." The guide states that male homosexuality is caused by "the motivation to repair the loss of the father-son relationship creat[ing] sexualized father-hunger or reparative drive", and that "in the homosexual male this core gender identity has become confused". The manual cites "the roots of lesbianism" as "a dysfunctional family relationship" and/or "physical, sexual and emotional abuse" which causes women to "have a tendency to develop overly dependent or enmeshed emotional relationships". The guide further states that the "love between homosexuals is pseudo-love".^[158]
• 1995 – The church's newspaper published an article by BYU professor Daniel Judd in which he stated that the power of Christ freed a man from his problem of homosexuality.^{[159] [160]}
• 1995 – James E. Faust gave a First Presidency member message in the September Ensign in which he denies any biological or "inherited" components in the etiology of homosexuality citing "no scientific evidence" supporting the "false belief of inborn homosexual orientation" leading to "so-called alternative lifestyles". He continued that if there was an inherited or inborn aspect to homosexuality it would "frustrate the whole plan of mortal happiness" and deny "the opportunity to change" leading to "discouragement, disappointment, and despair". The article also stated that same-sex relationships would also help "unravel the fabric of human society" and if practiced by everyone would "mean the end of the human family".^[161]
• 1995 – The church published an article by apostle Dallin H. Oaks in the October edition of the monthly Ensign magazine. in which Oaks states "we insist that erotic feelings toward a person of the same sex are irregular". He also seems to contradict Faust's address from a month earlier^[162] by giving a nuanced view on potential biological components of the etiology of homosexuality stating "some kinds of feelings seem to be inborn" while others "seem to be acquired from a complex interaction of 'nature and nurture,". He continues, "the feelings ... that increase susceptibility to certain behavior may have some relationship to inheritance". However, Oaks discourages members from calling themselves or other people lesbian or gay saying, "we should refrain from using [gay and lesbian] as nouns to identify specific persons. Our religious doctrine dictates this usage. It is wrong to use these words to denote a condition."^{[56] [163]}
• 1996 – In a 1996 and 1997 presentation psychiatrist Jeffery Jensen criticized church reparative therapy efforts as lacking scientific integrity, saying gay men and lesbians cannot be made heterosexual. He also stated "far too many of our lesbian and gay youths kill themselves because of what you say about them," and "those who believe your false promises and remain celibate in the hopes of eventual 'cure' are consigned to a misery."^{[37] [36]}
• 1997 – Issue of the church's Ensign magazine contained an anonymously authored article "Becoming Whole Again". In it the author who was married to a woman discussed his struggle with "same-gender attraction" calling it a "trial", "weakness", "impure thought", "temptation", and "misguided feeling" caused by "longing for true brotherly love or a desire for masculine characteristics". At the end the author states "same-gender attraction can be successfully resisted and overcome".^{[164] [165]}
• 1997 – The church Seventy Jay E. Jensen told a reporter that the LDS Church "accepts gays on one condition: that they renounce their sexual orientation" and offers gay people help and support that will point them to happiness.^[166] He had presented at the September Evergreen International conference two months before.^[167]
• Late 90s – National Geographic journalist Andrew Evans was required to undergo conversion therapy in order to continue as a student at an LDS school.^{[168] [169]}
• 1998 – The Church Handbook was updated with first church handbook policies sections on homosexuality stating if members have "homosexual thoughts or feelings or engage in homosexual actions" they should be helped to understand faith, repentance, life's purpose, and should be helped to "accept responsibility for their thoughts".^[170]
• 1998 – Church president Gordon B. Hinckley gave a general conference sermon and said "so-called gays and lesbians" have "certain inclinations which are powerful and which may be difficult to control". He continued "We want to help these people ... with their problems ... and difficulties", as well as stating "we love them" but made it clear that the church could not support "so-called same-sex marriage".^{[171] [165]}
• 1998 – Church leaders discouraged participation in therapy groups that "challenge religious and moral values," "foster physical contact among participants," or "encourage open confession or disclosure of personal information normally discussed only in confidential settings."^[172] The handbook also explained that "although participants may experience temporary emotional relief or exhilaration, old problems often return, leading to added disappointment and despair."
• 1998 – The church's Ensign magazine published an article by Family Services assistant commissioner A. Dean Byrd who also served on the Evergreen Board of Trustees. Byrd posited that "homosexuality is not innate and unchangeable", but is caused by "temperament, personality traits, sexual abuse, familial factors, and treatment by one’s peers". He further asserted that individuals can "diminish homosexual attraction" and that "when homosexual difficulties have been fully resolved, heterosexual feelings can emerge". In support of this he stated "many individuals who have experienced homosexual difficulties have" had their "burdens" or "trial" "lifted through the Lord’s grace." The article continued acknowledging that those who desire to diminish their "homosexual urgings" may "experience extreme pain because of the extensive changes that are required" including "changing one’s thoughts ... friendships ... or even clothing styles".^[173]
• 1998 – Church president Hinckley stated in general conference that, "we love and honor" and "our hearts reach out to ... gays and lesbians" and "they are welcome in the church".^{[2] [174]}
• 1999 – The American Psychiatric Association disavowed therapy trying to change sexual orientation as ineffective and destructive.^[38]
• 1999 – A study by church employees of the effects of Nicolosi-influenced reparative therapy on six Mormon individuals with homosexual feelings, was printed in a church university journal stating that "change from same-sex to opposite-sex attraction is possible."^[175]
• 1999 – The church publishes an article in its Ensign on the effectiveness of changing sexual orientation through therapy. The article, written by BYU professor and Evergreen Board of Trustees member Dean Byrd, posited that "homosexuality is not innate and unchangeable", but is caused by "temperament, personality traits, sexual abuse, familial factors, and treatment by one’s peers." The church article further asserted that individuals can "diminish homosexual attraction" and that "when homosexual difficulties have been fully resolved, heterosexual feelings can emerge." In support of this Byrd stated "many individuals who have experienced homosexual difficulties have" had their "burdens" or "trial" "lifted through the Lord’s grace." The article continued acknowledging that those who desire to diminish their "homosexual urgings" may "experience extreme pain because of the extensive changes that are required" including "changing one’s thoughts ... friendships ... or even clothing styles."^[176]
• 1999 – A PBS documentary on the intersection between the Utah Mormon community and homosexuality titled "Friends and Family: A Community Divided" aired on Utah's public television.^{[177] [178]} It featured interviews from LDS Family Fellowship leaders^[179] and their gay son and lesbian daughter, LDS bishop and Evergreen International director David Pruden,^[180] a lesbian active Mormon, and a gay active Mormon man married to a woman.^{[181] [182]}

Early 2000s

• 2000 – 32-year-old Stuart Matis, a gay latter-day saint active in the church, died by suicide on 25 February 2000 on the steps of a California church stake center building where the apostle Jeffrey Holland was scheduled to speak that day.^{[2] [183] [184]} His death came during the height of the LDS Church's fight to ban same-sex marriage in California with Proposition 22, also known as Knight's Initiative.^{[185] [186]} Right before his death he wrote a note stating, "Several decades ago it was church policy to advocate marriage as a cure for one's homosexuality. This inevitably resulted in many broken marriages and families. The Church also postulated that men became gay because of a doting mother and an absent father. This inevitably cast blame on grieving parents. ... The church has no idea that ... there are surely boys and girls on their callused hands and knees imploring God to free them of their pain. They hate themselves ... God never intended me to be straight. Hopefully, my death might be a catalyst for some good."^{[185] [187] [188]}

• 2000 – Alexander B. Morrison, of the First Quorum of the Seventy, and Robert L. Millet, Dean of BYU Religion Education, addressed members of Evergreen International at its 10th annual conference, which was held in the church's Joseph Smith Memorial Building. In Morrison's address he stated that through Christ "all inappropriate inclinations or orientations [can be] transformed in this life" or "resist[ed]".^[189]
• 2000 – Boyd K. Packer gave his October General Conference address in which he said homosexuality begins as an "innocent curiosity" which leads to a "pattern" leading to an "addiction". He said the idea that "God created them with overpowering, unnatural desires" is "not true" stating that "He can cure and He can heal".^{[190] [191]}
• 2000 – LDS Family Services surveyed 381 of their clients who were homosexual and wanted to change their attractions, and 71% reported significant progress in their sexual orientation change therapy.^[192]
• 2001 – Dean Byrd a director of LDS Family Services published a book entirely on homosexuality and the church stating that "the Church repeatedly, in nearly every statement about homosexual relations, teaches that homosexual attraction is not inherent to a particular genetic make-up and that they are quite able to change."^[193]
• 2001 – Sharon G. Larsen of the Young Women General Presidency addressed the 11th Annual Evergreen Conference in the Joseph Smith Memorial Building. In her talk she stated those who "struggle with same-gender attraction" who "despite persistent effort cannot overcome that attraction and marry someone" of the opposite gender "must remain celibate".^[194]
• 2001 – At BYU's Family Under Fire Conference, Family Services director^[195] Jerry Harris gave some "steps to recovery" from homosexuality for gay people to use.^[196]
• 2001 – Confessions of a Mormon Boy by Steven Fales opened (later becoming an off Broadway show) which depicted the author's efforts futile efforts to "overcome" his attractions through extensive church-sponsored anti-gay therapy and later six years of marriage to a woman and two children.^[197]
• 2002 – Singer Justin Utley began two years of conversion therapy through the Evergreen leaving him depressed and suicidal after his experience.^[198] He reported that in group therapy sessions participants practiced "healthy male touch" in order to reduce their attractions, and his therapist recommended to him by the group told him his attractions were caused by being molested as a kid and he had repressed those memories.^{[199] [200]} Later, Utley dated a man for a few months but he died suddenly, purportedly from a heart attack, but Utley believed it was by suicide. Devastated, he went to his bishop who told him his love interest was taken from him by God because they weren't supposed to be homosexual.^[201]
• 2002 – The church's Ensign magazine published an anonymously authored article by an LDS woman attracted to other women. The author gave advice for how "to overcome this challenge" including advising against "attach[ing] labels to yourself or others who struggle with this problem" since these temptations "do not define who we are". She also recommended a person "quit [their] job" if necessary to "avoid places frequented by those who are involved in this lifestyle".^[202]
• 2002 – Several notable Mormon leaders including James O. Mason, Joe J. Christensen, and Ardeth G. Kapp founded the Mental Health Resource Foundation (also initially called the Hidden Treasures Foundation) as a resource for Mormon leaders and members.^{[203] [204]} The website was advertised in church publications and contained never-before-published materials from Family Services and a guide on changing homosexual attractions called Helping Individuals Who Want to Diminish Same-Gender Desires And Stop Same-Gender Sexual Behavior.^{[205] [206]}
• 2003 – After facing criticism from several organizations, KBYU and BYU-TV cancelled the planned broadcast of LDS therapists Jeff Robinson's presentation "Homosexuality: What Works and What Doesn't Work" given at BYU's 2002 Families Under Fire conference.^{[207] [208]} The talk characterized homosexuality as a serious addiction that could be cured with enough motivation, and stated that gay men can develop a sexual attraction to women if they walk away from rather than focus or fight the dragon of their gayness.^{[209] [210]}
• 2003 – Family Services counselor Jerry Harris presented at BYU's Families Under Fire conference on helping people overcome their homosexuality.^[211]
• 2004 – Jeff Robinson published interviews with seven Mormon men married to women who had been through conversion therapy and previously identified as gay. The seven men believed they had a spiritual transformation and that their orientation was changed. Robinson found that their change came from a new understanding that prior same-sex attractions did not require them to "be" gay.^[212]
• 2004 – Researchers published the experience of 50 Mormon men undergoing conversion therapy.^[213]
• 2004 – Michael Ferguson spent seven years undergoing conversion therapy beginning at the recommendation of his BYU bishop in 2004.^[214]
• 2004 – Los Angeles bishop Robert Rees stated in an academic presentation that of the 50 homosexual Mormons with whom he'd had a close relationship over the past two decades, not a single one "was able to change or alter his or her sexual orientation," and that he hadn't "met a single homosexual Latter-day Saint who had not tried valiantly, generally over a long period of time, to change his or her orientation."^{[215] [216]}
• 2004 – The church's Ensign magazine published an anonymous article of a Mormon man struggling to curb and overcome his attractions to some other men.^[217]
• 2004 – Merrill J. Bateman in the Presidency of the Seventy gave an address at the 14th annual Evergreen Conference. He explained that for those "struggling with nature, with thoughts and feelings that are opposite from what the Church teaches" Jesus has the power to "assuage one's feelings".^[218]
• 2004 – Gordon B. Hinckley gave an interview in which he stated that gay people have a problem that the church wants to help them solve, though, he said he did not know if they were born with this problem.^[219]

Late 2000s

• 2005 – The Foundation for Attraction Research (FAR) was founded^[220] by LDS lawyer Dennis Dahle,^[221] BYU psychology professor Dean Byrd, and BYU social work professor Shirley Cox,^[222] with a board of directors also consisting of BYU English professor Doris Dant,^[223] BYU law professor William Duncan,^[224] BYU religion professor John Livinstone,^[225] and retired BYU psychology professor Gawain Wells. In 2009 the organization published Understanding Same-Sex Attraction^[226] which advocated therapy to change sexual attractions.^[227] In 2012 FAR co-hosted the Reconciling Faith and Feelings conference with the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists (AMCAP).^[228]
• September – James O. Mason of the Second Quorum of the Seventy addressed members of Evergreen International at its 15th annual conference in the church's Joseph Smith Memorial Building. He stated, "Can individuals struggling with some same-gender attraction be cured? 'With God nothing should be impossible' (Luke 1:37) ... The right course of action remains the same: eliminate or diminish same sex attraction .... Feelings of attraction toward someone of the same gender should be eliminated if possible or controlled."^{[190] [229]}
• 2005 – In a presentation at BYU's Families Under Fire Conference BYU professor^[230] Shirley Cox stated that homosexual attractions can be diminished and that the treatment of unwanted same-sex attraction has a history of being successful.^[231]
• 2005 – Jeffrey R. Holland and Marlin K. Jensen were interviewed in March with questions about various topics including homosexuality by PBS for a four-hour special called The Mormons. Holland stated "gay or lesbian inclinations" will be removed after death.^{[232] [165]}
• 2005 – Apostle Oaks gave an October General Conference address in which he quotes a man saying "change is possible" but don't "focus on the causes of same-gender attraction". Oaks then continues explaining if "faith", "prayers" and "priesthood" don't "heal you from an affliction" that the "Atonement will surely give you the strength to bear the burden."^[233]
• 2006 – When asked the church's position on conversion therapy in 2006, Seventy Lance Wickman responded that it may be appropriate and the Church doesn't council against it. Oaks also stated that "[t]he Church rarely takes a position on which treatment techniques are appropriate." Wickman and Oaks cautioned against abusive practices, such as aversion therapy.^[234]
• 2007 – In the official church pamphlet "God Loveth His Children" leaders stated that "many Latter-day Saints, through individual effort, the exercise of faith, and reliance upon the enabling power of the Atonement, overcome same-gender attraction in mortality," and that "we still have the power to resist and reform our feelings (as needed) and to assure that they do not lead us to entertain inappropriate thoughts."^{[235] [236] [165]}
• 2007 – Church seventy Douglas Callister spoke at an Evergreen conference and urged listeners to battle their challenge of "same-gender inclinations" and thoughts through prayer, fasting, and taking the sacrament.^[237]
• 2007 – The church published an article by apostle Holland which stated, "Through the exercise of faith, individual effort, and reliance upon the power of the Atonement, some may overcome same-gender attraction in mortality and marry. ... We are all thrilled when some who struggle with these feelings are able to marry, raise children, and achieve family happiness."^{[12] [238]}
• 2007 – The church's newspaper published anonymous stories of several homosexual Mormon men. One often pleaded with God to be straight and was suicidal, and another was promised by his stake president that if he married a woman and had sex that his attractions to men would "go away."^[239]
• 2008 – Apostles discussed the question of whether members should consider using "new drugs and gene therapy" to "counter homosexuality" in a leaked video.^{[240] [241]}
• 2009 – The church produces a training video for Family Services entitled "Providing psychological care to those with unwanted homosexual attraction".^[242]
• 2009 – Bruce C. Hafen of the First Quorum of the Seventy addressed members of Evergreen International at its 19th annual conference, which was held in the church's Joseph Smith Memorial Building and stated, "If you are faithful, on resurrection morning—and maybe even before then—you will rise with normal attractions for the opposite sex. Some of you may wonder if that doctrine is too good to be true. But Elder Dallin H. Oaks has said it MUST be true" (emphasis in original).^[243]
• 2009 – A BYU website on LDS FAQ continued to cite a 1986 study stating that through the gospel of Jesus Christ and reparative therapy that homosexual people can "overcome" their sexual orientation through self-mastery by choosing proper role models, developing appropriate relationship skills, clarifying the importance of sexuality, and reassessing gender roles.^{[121] [123]}
• 2009 – A book authored by mostly BYU professors states that homosexual attractions can be eradicated through therapy.^[244] The book continues to be sold in church-owned bookstores as of 2017.^[245]

Early 2010s

• 2010 – In a survey of 625 Utah individuals, 55% of Mormons believed sexual orientation could be changed.
• 2010 – In a special meeting for some Oakland, California members several gay Mormons spoke of years of prayer, fasting, Church-prescribed aversion therapy, and attempts at mixed-orientation marriages all promised by the church to 'cure' them. It was reported that church Seventy and historian Marlin K. Jensen apologized to straight and gay members for their pain from church actions around homosexuality.^{[246] [247] [248]}
• 2010 – Boyd K. Packer delivered an October conference address stating "some suppose that they were pre-set and cannot overcome what they feel are inborn tendencies toward the impure and unnatural. Not so! Why would our Heavenly Father do that to anyone? Remember, he is our father."^[249] His characterization of same-sex physical attractions as "impure and unnatural" tendencies that can be "overcome" sparked a protest of thousands of individuals on October 7 which surrounded Temple Square.^{[250] [251]} Packer later altered his words in the print version of his speech to say "Some suppose that they were preset and cannot overcome what they feel are inborn temptations toward the impure and unnatural. Not so! Remember, God is our Heavenly Father".^{[252] [253] [56] [254]}
• 2012 – An anonymously authored article was published on the church's website in which a man describes how through counseling with Family Services and local bishop he was able to manage his burden, or struggle, with same-sex attraction and marry a woman. He stated that he was blessed with an alleviation of the intensity of feelings and knows of some people whose burden was lifted and "overcame" same-sex attraction, and no longer experience those feelings.^[255]
• 2012 – Leaders explicitly stated that same-sex sexual attractions were not a choice.
• 2013 – Seventy Tad R. Callister stated in a speech at BYU-I reprinted in the Ensign that homosexual feelings are a weakness for which one must do all they can to use the refining power of the atonement to convert into a strength.^[256]
• 2014 – Evergreen International shuts down and transfers its resources to North Star.
• 2014 – The church sent a survey via email to young single adult members in Utah asking among other things about their sexual identity. The options were: "I am heterosexual, but I struggle with same-sex attraction; I am heterosexual and do not struggle with same-sex attraction; Other, please specify." The survey options were criticized as implying that homosexuality doesn't exist and LGBT individuals are straight people who "struggle" with a problem.^[257] The question was later changed.^[258]

Late 2010s

• 2015 – The TLC special My Husband's Not Gay aired on the 11th featuring LDS men attracted to men but dating or married to women.^{[259] [260] [261]} Church spokesperson Eric Hawkins stated in response to media questions that the Church "does not promote marriage as a treatment method for same-sex attraction".^{[262] [263]}
• 2015 – A church spokesperson stated that Family Services no longer offers any sexual-orientation change efforts, but are willing to help clients reconcile their attractions and religious beliefs. He also stated that their neutral stance on independent SOCE programs like Journey Into Manhood should not be taken as an endorsement.^[264]
• 2015 – An event hosted by BYU-Idaho faculty member^{[265] [266]} Michael Williamson on "overcoming" homosexuality through private therapy was scheduled to be held on the BYU-Idaho campus and was advertised during church meetings.^[267] The event was cancelled, however, after receiving negative press.^{[268] [269]} At the time BYU-I publicly hosted a video of Williams discussing ways to "treat" same-sex attraction, though, it is now accessible to students only.^[270]
• 2015 – A survey of 1,612 LGBT Mormons and former Mormons found that 73% of men and 43% of women had attempted sexual orientation change, usually through multiple methods across many years.
• 2015 – Counselor-led sexual orientation change efforts dwindled among Mormons.
• 2015 – The church released Ministering Resources–Same-Sex Attraction for local leaders, which included the advice to "avoid offering overly simplified responses, such as the idea that ... missionary service will eliminate same-sex attraction."^[2]
• 2016 – The apostle Bednar answered a members question in a February 23 broadcast stating that "there are no homosexual members of the Church" since we are not defined by sexual attraction or behavior and "all of us have different challenges in the flesh". He compared homosexuality to a physical handicap like "being born with a body that is not fully functional".^{[271] [272]}
• 2016 – Church spokesperson Eric Hawkins stated that the church "denounces any therapy that subjects an individual to abusive practices" and hopes LGBT Mormons "find compassion and understanding from family members, professional counselors and church members".^[273] The statement was in response to media inquiries around the experiences of a lesbian Mormon teen who beginning in 2010 was subjected to physically abusive conversion therapy techniques in an attempt to change her sexual orientation leading to a suicide attempt.^{[274] [165]}

• 2016 – An update^[275] to the church's official website stated in reference to conversion therapy or sexual orientation change efforts that "it is unethical to focus professional treatment on an assumption that a change in sexual orientation will or must occur,"^[276] and that "a change in attraction should not be expected or demanded as an outcome by parents or leaders. The intensity of your attractions may not be in your control ...."^{[277] [278] [279]}
• 2016 – Former bishop Robert Rees stated in 2016 that he counseled many gay members who followed church leader promises about changing their sexual orientation via missions, temple attendance, and scripture reading, and when change didn't came they often blamed themselves for not being righteous enough and this led to many attempted and successful suicides.^[2]
• 2017 – Minutes from a February 2014 Layton, Utah meeting for stake leaders were released without authorization in which the apostle L. Tom Perry stated that gay young men need association with "manly things" and strong, vigorous men who know the power they hold. He also stated that he does not believe that people are born with attractions to those of the same sex, but that it's instead a temptation like any other.^{[280] [281] [282]}
• 2017 – The apostle Oaks told Kansas youth to not use sexual orientation labels on themselves, and that he has letters from people who stopped having gay feelings and married and had children.^[283]
• 2017 – One gay former Mormon reported his previous religiously motivated efforts to diminish his gay feelings through prayer.^[284]
• 2017 – The 1981 church guide on homosexuality that taught that masturbation made people gay received media attention.^{[110] [285]}
• 2018 – A documentary on the AIDS crisis in Utah "Quiet Heroes" debuted at Utah's Sundance Film Festival.^{[286] [287]} The film touched upon the effects the teachings and norms of the Mormon community played in the crisis^{[288] [289] [290]} including the effects that the state's religious monoculture had on furthering the marital spread of AIDS through closeted gay Mormon men who were pressured to marry women, but cheated on their spouse.^[291]
• 2018 – Family Services stated in the church's newspaper that they "do not provide what is commonly referred to as 'reparative therapy' or 'sexual orientation change efforts'" any more.^[22]
• 2019 – The church updated the Ministering Resources—Same-Sex Attraction page for leaders stating, "Avoid promising a reduction or elimination of same-sex attraction in exchange for faithfulness or missionary service."^[292]
• 2019 – David Matheson, a top proponent of "conversion therapy", stated that he is gay and is getting divorced to live his life as a gay man.^[293]

Early 2020s

• 2020 – After expressing neutrality on a 2019 bill in the Utah legislature to ban conversion therapy,^[294] the LDS church released an October statement in opposition to the ban.^{[295] [296]} After months of back-and-forth between church leaders, the LGBTQ leaders, and state policy makers a compromise was reached banning licensed therapists from practicing conversion therapy on minors in Utah. The measure passed in January 2020 making Utah the 19th state to ban conversion therapy.^{[297] [298]}
• 2020 – Utah State University published a master's thesis detailing the author's years of sexual orientation change efforts which began as a missionary in 2011 at the advice from his mission president who said his attractions were "an addiction" and that the author was "addicted to men".^[299] The church leader instructed him to use the church-run LDS Family Services Addiction Recovery Program to change his attractions.^[299]

Notes and References

1. Galliher. Renee. Bradshaw. William. Hyde. Daniel. Dehlin. John. Crowell. Katherine. Sexual orientation change efforts among current or former LDS church members. Journal of Counseling Psychology. April 2015. 62. 2. 95–105. 10.1037/cou0000011. 24635593. The LDS church claims the Holy Bible as scripture and, through traditional Biblical interpretations, has historically both condemned same-sex sexuality as sinful and explicitly encouraged its lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) members to attempt sexual orientation change..
2. Book: Prince . Gregory A. . Gregory Prince. Gay Rights and the Mormon Church: Intended Actions, Unintended Consequences . 2019 . The University of Utah Press . Salt Lake City . 9781607816638 .
3. Fish . Jessica N. . Russell . Stephen T. . Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts are Unethical and Harmful . American Journal of Public Health . Aug 2020 . 110 . 8 . 1113–1114 . 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305765 . 32639919 . 7349462 . With substantial evidence of serious harms associated with exposure to [sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGICE)] particularly for minors, 21 states (and multiple cities and counties) have passed bipartisan laws or regulations prohibiting SOGICE. ... Furthermore, compared with LGBTQ youths with no exposure, those exposed to SOGICE showed 1.76 times greater odds of seriously considering suicide, 2.23 times greater odds of having attempted suicide, and 2.54 times greater odds of multiple suicide attempts in the previous year..
4. Cook. Bryce. What Do We Know of God's Will for His LGBT Children? An Examination of the LDS Church's Current Position on Homosexuality. . Summer 2017. 50. 2. 10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. 190443414. 2022-02-04. 2022-02-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205111051/https://www.dialoguejournal.com/archive/dialogue-premium-content/premium-digital-articles-vol-50-num-2-summer-2017/. dead. free.
5. Galliher. Renee. Bradshaw. William. Hyde. Daniel. Dehlin. John. Crowell. Katherine. Sexual orientation change efforts among current or former LDS church members. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 96. April 2015. 62. 2. 10.1037/cou0000011. 24635593. The LDS church claims the Holy Bible as scripture and, through traditional Biblical interpretations, has historically both condemned same-sex sexuality as sinful and explicitly encouraged its lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) members to attempt sexual orientation change. While the LDS church has somewhat softened its stance toward LGBTQ individuals in recent years, it continues to communicate to its LGBTQ members that sexual orientation change is possible through various means including prayer, personal righteousness, faith in Jesus Christ, psychotherapy, group therapy, and group retreats. In these respects, the LDS church’s approach to SSA has closely paralleled other religious traditions including Orthodox Judaism, evangelical Christianity, and Roman Catholicism..
6. Web site: Love One Another: A Discussion on Same-Sex Attraction . Mormons and Gays . June 16, 2016 . June 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160616190527/http://mormonsandgays.org/ . dead .
7. Web site: Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction". Mormon Newsroom. LDS Church. September 2006. The Church does not have a position on the causes of any of ... same-gender attraction. Those are scientific questions .....
8. Web site: Seeking Professional Help. mormonandgay.lds.org. LDS Church. October 2016.
9. Web site: Prince. Gregory A.. Science vs. Dogma: Biology Challenges the LDS Paradigm of Homosexuality. thc.utah.edu. University of Utah Tanner Humanities Center. 27 September 2017. 4 February 2022. 28 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328232753/https://thc.utah.edu/lectures-programs/mcmurrin-lecture/PRINCE-MCMURRIN%20LECTURE-protected.pdf. dead. Video of the presentation.
10. Book: Quinn. D. Michael. Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. 1996. University of Illinois Press. 978-0252022050.
11. News: Many Utahns Think Homosexuality Can Be Overcome. Park Record. Associated Press. Swift Communications, Inc.. 13 November 2010.
12. Galliher. Renee. Bradshaw. William. Hyde. Daniel. Dehlin. John. Crowell. Katherine. Sexual orientation change efforts among current or former LDS church members. Journal of Counseling Psychology. April 2015. 62. 2. 95–105. 10.1037/cou0000011. 24635593.
13. Book: Quinn. D. Michael. Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. 1996. University of Illinois Press. 978-0252022050. 379 . Shortly after that 1959 meeting of the Church Board of Education, BYU began 'aversion therapy' to 'cure,' 'repair,' or 'reorient' the same-sex desires of Mormon males. These young men were referred to this program by BYU's mental health counselors, by LDS bishops and stake presidents, by BYU's office to enforce student standards, or by referrals from outside BYU (such as mission presidents and general authorities)..
14. Blattner. Robert L.. Counseling the Homosexual In A Church Setting. Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 October 1975. 1. 1. 3. 14 November 2016. What is the church's feeling about electric shock and other forms of behavior modification? ... Our experience so far has been that most people coming to us can be helped with it..
15. Bingham. Ronald D.. Potts. Richard W.. Homosexuality: An LDS Perspective. Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 April 1993. 19. 1. 14. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201232445/https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=1344&context=irp. December 1, 2017. Brigham Young University. Most Church leaders seem to agree that professional counselors can play an important role in helping individuals experiencing problems with homosexuality. ... The Church has supported efforts of the LDS Social Services and other consulting professionals to research the issues and to offer a reparative therapy approach which assumes that homosexual behavior can be changed.. December 1, 2017. live.
16. Book: Kimball. Spencer W.. A Counselling Problem in the Church. 10 July 1964. Brigham Young University. Provo, Utah. 13–14. We know such a disease [homosexuality] is curable..
17. Quoted on page 31 of "Conservative Christian Identity & Same-Sex Orientation: The Case of Gay Mormons."
18. Book: Understanding and Helping Those Who Have Homosexual Problems. 3–4. 1992. LDS Church. 3 November 2016. [S]uch thoughts and feelings, regardless of their causes, can and should be overcome and sinful behavior should be eliminated. ... Change is possible..
19. Web site: Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction". Mormon Newsroom. LDS Church. September 2006. If a young man says, 'Look, I really want these [homosexual] feelings to go away… I would do anything for these feelings to go away,' is it legitimate to look at clinical therapy of some sort that would address those issues? Well, it may be appropriate for that person to seek therapy. Certainly the Church doesn’t counsel against that kind of therapy..
20. News: Woodruff. Daniel. New book details LDS teen's 'humiliating' gay conversion therapy in Utah. 3 December 2016. KUTV. CBS Television Sinclair Broadcast Group. 15 March 2016. The Church denounces any therapy that subjects an individual to abusive practices..
21. Web site: Seeking Professional Help. mormonandgay.lds.org . LDS Church. October 2016. [I]t is unethical to focus professional treatment on an assumption that a change in sexual orientation will or must occur..
22. News: Jones. Morgan. The Weeds' story is one of many stories of LGBT Latter-day Saints that continue to be written. Deseret News. LDS Church. 7 February 2018. Today, [LDS] Family Services says it offers the following: 'We assist individuals and families as they respond to same-sex attraction. Our therapists do not provide what is commonly referred to as 'reparative therapy' or 'sexual orientation change efforts'.'.
23. Quoted on page 31 of "Conservative Christian Identity & Same-Sex Orientation: The Case of Gay Mormons."
24. Book: Kimball. Spencer. Spencer W. Kimball. Petersen. Mark . Mark E. Petersen. Hope for Transgressors. 1970. LDS Church. 5–6. The entrenched homosexual has ... moved all of his interests and affections to those of his own sex ... and herein is another step. When you feel he is ready he should be encouraged to date and gradually move his life toward the normal. ...[G]radually they can move their romantic interests where they belong. Marriage and normal life can follow..
25. Book: Understanding and Changing Homosexual Orientation Problems. 20, 25. 1981. LDS Church. Homosexual orientation problems ... are often a reflection of poor interpersonal relationships with ... peers. ... Discuss dating and dating practices. Give female interaction assignments. ...[S]peaking to a girl may be considered a task, as may inviting her to a movie. However, to actually meet her, escort her to the movie, escort her home, and say goodnight is an experience cycle ... designed to meet a predetermined goal..
26. Book: Homosexuality. 1981. 6. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, UT. 22 November 2016. Encourage the member to be in appropriate situations with members of the opposite sex, even if he has to force himself. ... Encourage him (if single) to begin dating and gradually increase its frequency..
27. Dallin H. . Oaks . Dallin H. Oaks . Lance B. . Wickman . Lance B. Wickman . LDS Church Public Affairs staffers . Same-Gender Attraction . Interview: Transcript . Newsroom . LDS Church . Salt Lake City, Utah . September 2006. President Hinckley, faced with the fact that apparently some had believed [marriage] to be a remedy, and perhaps that some Church leaders had even counseled marriage as the remedy for [homosexual] feelings, made this statement: ‘Marriage should not be viewed as a therapeutic step to solve problems such as homosexual inclinations or practices.’. See also the Salt Lake Tribune archived transcript here.
28. Oaks, Dallin . 29 January 2015 . Trib Talk: LDS leaders Oaks, Christofferson will appear on Trib Talk to discuss religious freedom . 17:32 . Salt Lake City, Utah . The Salt Lake Tribune . We definitely do not recommend marriage as a solution for same-gender feelings. No, it’s not a therapy. In times past, decades ago, there were some practices to that effect. We have eradicated them in the Church now. .
29. Book: O'Donovan, Connell. Corcoran. Brent. Connell O'Donovan. 'The Abominable and Detestable Crime against Nature': A Brief History of Homosexuality and Mormonism, 1840-1980. Multiply and Replenish: Mormon Essays on Sex and Family. 1994. Signature Books. Salt Lake City, Utah. 978-1560850502 . http://signaturebookslibrary.org/the-abominable-and-detestable-crime-against-nature/. https://web.archive.org/web/20220327031212/http://signaturebookslibrary.org/the-abominable-and-detestable-crime-against-nature/ . March 27, 2022 . Internet Archive. dead. February 27, 2023.
30. Web site: Brigham Young University. University Standards Office. BYU Library. BYU. 29 November 2016.
31. McBride. Max Ford. Effect of Visual Stimuli in Electric Aversion Therapy. Department of Psychology of Brigham Young University. 1976. Ph.D.. 82836025.
32. Book: Schow . Ron. Schow. Wayne. Raynes. Marybeth. Bennion. Lowell L.. Peculiar People: Mormons and Same-Sex Orientation. 15 Jun 1991. Signature Books. 978-1560850465. 26–28.
33. Web site: With All Thy Getting, Get Understanding . Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons . Don D. . Harryman . August 19, 2011 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20131021171348/http://www.affirmation.org/therapy/with_all_thy_getting.shtml . October 21, 2013 . mdy-all.
34. Web site: Mormon 'Gay Cure' Study Used Electric Shocks Against Homosexual Feelings . . ABC News . Susan Donaldson . James . March 30, 2011 . July 2, 2014.
35. Web site: Dr. Jeffery Jensen MD. health.usnews.com. U.S. News & World Report L.P..
36. Jensen . Jeffrey R. . We See What We Believe: The Heterosexualization of Gay Men and Lesbians in the LDS Church . Sunstone Symposium . 1997 . Washington D.C. . Sunstone Education Foundation, Inc. . Transcript available here.
37. Jensen . Jeffrey R. . Homosexuality: A Psychiatrist's Response to LDS Social Services . Sunstone Symposium . 1996 . Sunstone Education Foundation, Inc. . Transcript at affirmation.org.
38. Web site: American Psychiatric Association Rebukes Reparative Therapy. sciencesources.eurekalert.org. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 14 December 1998. February 4, 2022. July 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190722181607/https://sciencesources.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/1998-12/APA-APAR-141298.php. dead.
39. News: Doctor Produces Artificially Made Health Hormone . The Salt Lake Tribune . United Press . 1 . 20 Aug 1935.
40. News: Crane . George W. . Case Records of a Psychologist: Case K-110 Vera G. . Ogden Standard Examiner . Northwestern University . 31 Mar 1938. 3.
41. News: Crane . George W. . Case Records of a Psychologist: Case F-104 Carney P.. The Ogden Standard-Examiner . 6 . 31 Dec 1936. Newspapers.com.
42. News: Crane . George W. . Case Records of a Psychologist: Case G-108 Alden B. . The Ogden Standard-Examiner . 6 . 27 Apr 1937.
43. Kofoed. Earl. Memories of Being Gay at BYU. Affinity. April 1993. 5, 9. https://web.archive.org/web/20060617213245/http://www.affirmation.org/memorial/memories_of_being_gay.shtml . 17 June 2006. Affirmation. dead.
44. News: Psychiatrist Calls for Return of Father-Figure in the Home . Deseret News . A17 . 19 Oct 1960 . Newspapers.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20220304000725/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96873628/psychiatrist-calls-for-return-of/. 4 Mar 2022. live.
45. News: Petersen . Mark . The Prowler in the Jungle . Deseret News . 20 Sep 1961. 22A. Newspapers.com.
46. Book: Williams. Clyde J.. The Teachings of Harold B. Lee. 1996. Bookcraft Inc.. Salt Lake City, Utah. 1570084831.
47. Lee . Harold . Harold B. Lee . The Light of Christ . 3 February 1962 . BYU Institute of Religion . LDS Church .
48. News: Bracken. Seth. Through the Years. Q Salt Lake. 14 April 2011.
49. Book: Kimball. Spencer W.. A Counselling Problem in the Church. 10 July 1964. Brigham Young University. Provo, Utah. 1–21. 17 November 2016.
50. Book: Winkler. Douglas A.. Lavender Sons of Zion: A History of Gay Men in Salt Lake City, 1950–1979. May 2008. University of Utah Department of History. Salt Lake City, Utah. 9780549493075.
51. . Transcript reprint with permission by the Mental Health Resource Foundation at mentalhealthlibrary.info. Note: References to homosexuality were removed in the reprinted version of the speech in the 1972 book compilation of Kimball's speeches "Faith Precedes the Miracle".
52. News: Tendency Toward Extremes . Deseret News . 20 . 15 Apr 1967 . Newspapers.com.
53. Book: The Life and Teachings of Jesus and His Apostles. 1979 . LDS Church. 314–21. https://archive.today/20160616010918/https://www.lds.org/manual/the-life-and-teachings-of-jesus-and-his-apostles/section-8-pauls-witness-as-a-missionary/chapter-39-man-is-justified-by-faith. dead. 2016-06-16. 29 October 2016.
54. News: Lund . Wanda . Be Kind, Firm in Treating Hostile Youths, Aide Says . Deseret News . D1 . 8 Oct 1969 . Newspapers.com.
55. Book: Hope for Transgressors. LDS Church. 3 November 2016.
56. News: Bracken. Seth. Through the Years. Q Salt Lake. 14 April 2011.
57. . Reprint without permission at connellodonovan.com
58. Book: Kimball. Edward L.. Kimball. Andrew E.. Spencer W. Kimball: Twelfth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1977 . 0884943305. Bookcraft. Salt Lake City. Also available at archive.org
59. Book: Brown. Victor L.. Wanted: Parents With Courage. April 1970. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah. 31–33 . 19 November 2016.
60. Book: One Hundred Fortieth Annual Conference With Report of Discourses. April 1970. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah. 31–32. 2022-03-25. 2016-02-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20160222161635/http://scriptures.byu.edu/gc-historical/1970-A.pdf. dead.
61. Book: Kimball. Spencer W.. New Horizons for Homosexuals. July 1971. Deseret News Press, LDS Church.
62. Web site: Brown. Victor. The Meaning of Morality. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
63. Book: Brown Jr.. Victor L.. Bergin. Allen E.. Homosexuality: Welfare Services Packet 1. 1973. LDS Church.
64. Web site: Bishop Victor L. Brown. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 15 November 2016.
65. Web site: Bergin. Allen. Toward a Theory of Human Agency. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
66. Web site: I Have a Question. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
67. Web site: Brown. Victor. Two Views of Sexuality. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
68. Blattner. Robert L.. Counseling the Homosexual In A Church Setting. . 1975. 1. 1. 1–3. 14 November 2016.
69. Book: Swedin. Eric G.. Healing Souls: Psychotherapy in the Latter-day Saint Community. 17 September 2003. University of Illinois Press. 0252028643. 164–165. 1. 14 November 2016.
70. Card. Robert D.. Counseling the Homosexual In A Private Setting. Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1975. 1. 1. 10–13.
71. US . US6050959A . Robert Duane Card . patent . Apparatus and method for measuring sexual arousal . 2000-04-18 . 2000-04-18 . 1998-05-14 . 1998-05-14 . Behavioral Technology, Inc. .
72. Web site: Weakland. Sean. Legacies. Yale University. 29 September 2016. October 2, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002112538/http://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu/vufind/Record/4192006. dead.
73. News: Williams . Ben . I Am Shocked! Shocked, I Tell You! . QSaltLake . 16 September 2010.
74. Book: Fadul . Jose A. . Encyclopedia of Theory & Practice in Psychotherapy & Counseling . 5 May 2015 . Raleigh, NC . 978-1312078369 . 97 .
75. Book: General Handbook of Instructions. LDS Church. 71. 21.
76. Bush Jr.. Lester E.. Excommunication and Church Courts: A Note From the General Handbook of Instructions. Dialogue. Summer 1981. 14. 2. 84. 22 November 2016. 22 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161122154510/https://www.dialoguejournal.com/archive/issue-details/?in=54. dead.
77. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. LDS Church 'retires' Mormon apostle's 'little factory' pamphlet. 15 November 2016. The Salt Lake Tribune. 14 November 2016.
78. Web site: Clarke. J. Richard. Ministering to Needs through LDS Social Services. ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church.
79. Web site: Jennings. Duane. Bennington. Brian G.. S.O.S.: Stories of Service, of Saving Lives and Giving Hope. Looking Back Over Thirty Years of Affirmation: Gay and Lesbian Mormons, and to the Next Thirty Years. sunstonemagazine.com. Sunstone Education Foundation, Inc.. 1 January 2007.
80. Web site: Affirmation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060430002543/http://affirmation.org/memorial/historical_events.shtml . April 30, 2006 . .
81. Web site: Our History. affirmation.org. Affirmation.
82. Web site: Matthew. Prince. Affirmation/G.M.U. December Newsletter. uscs.edu . University of California Santa Cruz. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131204091223/http://people.ucsc.edu/~odonovan/1977_letter.pdf. 2013-12-04.
83. Web site: Bell. Jay. Robert I. McQueen: Missionary, Editor, and Activist. affirmation.org. Affirmation. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100331043118/http://www.affirmation.org/memorial/robert_mcqueen.shtml. 2010-03-31.
84. Swenson . Paul . Nostrums in the Newsroom: Raised Sights and Raised Expectations at the Deseret News . Dialogue . Spring 1977 . 10 . 3 . 50.
85. News: Petersen . Mark . The Strong Delusions . Church News . LDS Church . 14 Jan 1978.
86. Petersen . Mark . Sin Is No Excuse . Church News . 16 Dec 1978 . 16. LDS Church.
87. Quinn. D. Michael. Prelude to the National 'Defense of Marriage' Campaign: Civil Discrimination Against Feared or Despised Minorities. Dialogue. Fall 2000. 33 . 3. 22 November 2016.
88. LDS Leader Hails Anti Gay Stand. The Salt Lake Tribune. 3 November 1977. D3. Newspapers.com. ... President Kimball said adding the church has 8,000–10,000 bishops ready to counsel members with homosexual problems. The spiritual leader of almost four million Mormons worldwide said the church also has 'young men who have gone to college' who can provide professional aid to gays..
89. News: Kimball Praises Bryant. https://web.archive.org/web/20171208202437/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11800544/kimball_lgbt/. The Daily Herald. United Press International. 6 November 1977. Newspapers.com. 8 December 2017. 17.
90. Book: Packer. Boyd K.. To The One. 1978. LDS Church.
91. Web site: Kimball. Spencer. Listen to the Prophets. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 25 May 2017.
92. News: Johnson. Kirk. Gay Documentary Cancelled. The Chronicle. University of Utah. 20 July 1978. 1. https://web.archive.org/web/20220226224325/https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/file?id=23315811 . 26 Feb 2022.
93. News: Editorial: Censor Strikes Again. The Chronicle. University of Utah. 20 July 1978. 2. https://web.archive.org/web/20220226225123/https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/file?id=23315812. 26 Feb 2022. live.
94. News: Gay Leader Loses Equal Time Bid. The Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. 30 March 1978. B7.
95. Petersen . Mark . Sin Is No Excuse . Church News . 16 December 1978 . 16 . LDS Church.
96. Web site: AV 570: Welfare Services Department training recordings 1977-1981, 2005, 2009-2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002115605/https://eadview.lds.org/findingaid/AV%20570/?componentid=8077. dead. 2 October 2017. churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. 25 May 2017.
97. News: Lauritsen . Ed D. . The Role of the Father in Male Homosexuality . BYU . 6 February 1979.
98. Williams . Ben . The '70s Mormon Crusade Against Homosexuals . . Feb 2018 . 15 . 276 . 20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831210555/https://www.qsaltlake.com/news/2018/01/18/70s-mormon-crusade-homosexuals/ . 31 Aug 2020 . live.
99. Web site: Vaughn . Featherstone . Charity Never Faileth . 27 Feb 1979 . speeches.byu.edu . BYU . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831205405/https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/vaughn-j-featherstone/charity-never-faileth/ . 31 Aug 2020 . live.
100. News: Murphy. Barbara. Tate . Alice. Long. David. Welker . Joseph. LDS Views of Homosexuality. The Daily Universe. BYU . 11 April 1979. 16.
101. Book: Bergera. James. Priddis. Ronald . Brigham Young University: A House of Faith. 1985. Signature Books. 0941214346. In 'Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?' DU [Daily Universe], 10 April 1979, Maxine Murdock of the [BYU] Counseling Center conservatively estimated that 4 percent of the student body (approximately 1,200) is homosexual.. See footnote 71.
102. News: Murphy. Barbara. Tate. Alice. Long. David. Welker. Joseph. Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?. The Daily Universe. BYU. 10 April 1979. 1. According to local psychologists who are working on homosexuality research, anywhere from 1 to 4 percent of the BYU male population have homosexual tendencies. Dr. Ford McBride, a psychologist at Timpanogos Community Mental Health Center, and Dr. Maxine Murdock, licensed psychologist at the BYU Counseling Center who works with homosexual students, estimate the figure at 4 percent. McBride said his estimate is based on extrapolation of the old Kinsey report..
103. News: Murphy . Barbara. Tate. Alice. Long. David. Welker. Joseph. Homosexuality Stirs Controversy. The Daily Universe. BYU. 11 April 1979. 1.
104. News: Murphy . Barbara. Tate. Alice. Long. David. Welker. Joseph. Homosexuality: 'Change Possible'. The Daily Universe. BYU. 12 April 1979. 3.
105. Web site: Brown Jr.. Victor L.. A Better Me, a Better Marriage. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
106. Swedin. Eric G.. 'One Flesh': A Historical Overview of Latter-day Saint Sexuality and Psychology. . Winter 1998. 31. 4. 1–29 . 2 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002211/https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V31N04_17.pdf. live. 45226516.
107. Book: Brown Jr.. Victor. Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. 1981. Parliament Publishers. 73–75. 9780884944416. Masters and Johnson, world-renowned sexologists, approvingly describe "ambisexuals" who, because of their technical skill and very lack of emotional involvement, achieve orgasm 100 percent of the time in their sexual encounters. These researchers concluded that such physical success gave ambisexuals the advantage over heterosexual men or women because this "absence of sexual preference" also means an absence of "sexual prejudice" which, they claim, is "a cornerstone that supports any number of other social biases." These "privileged" individuals, according to Masters and Johnson, may be pointing the way for society at large. Such messages are disturbing..
108. Book: Brown Jr.. Victor. Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. 1981 . Parliament Publishers. 21–22 . 9780884944416. This fashionable equation of homosexual liaison with heterosexual marriage is sophistry and contains its own fatal inconsistency. ... The temporary and fragile relationships of the ironically nicknamed gay subculture ... were interpreted as superior to the more disciplined, orderly lives of the heterosexual subjects..
109. Book: Understanding and Changing Homosexual Orientation Problems. 1981. LDS Church. Reprinted with permission at mentalhealthlibrary.info, see authorization here.
110. News: Maza. Christina. Masturbation Will Make You Gay, Warns Leaked Mormon Church Document. Newsweek. Newsweek Media Group. 14 December 2017.
111. Brown . Victor . Male Homosexuality: Identity Seeking a Role . . April 1981 . 7 . 2 . 3–4 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200831214528/https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1119&context=irp. 31 Aug 2020 . live.
112. Believer . HBO.com . Home Box Office, Inc. . 25 June 2018 . 42:58.
113. Web site: Rector Jr.. Hartman . Turning the Hearts. Youtube.com. LDS Church. 17 November 2016.
114. Associated Press. Mormon Elder Condemns Homosexuals. The Atlanta Constitution. 6 April 1981. 3B.
115. Geisner. Joseph. Very Careless In His Utterances: Editing, Correcting, and Censoring Conference Addresses. Sunstone Magazine. December 2011. 165. 14–24 . 17 November 2016.
116. Williams. Ben. This Week in Lambda History. Metro. 12 October 2005. 2. 21 . 16. 4 October ... 1981 Ethyl (Randy Smith) and Friends for Gay Rights picket Temple Square during the LDS Conference after receiving permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City..
117. News: Gay Activists to Picket LDS Temple. The Salt Lake Tribune. 2 October 1981. D6. A local organization of Mormon Gay rights activists have received permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City, Sunday and protest LDS Church’s policies opposing homosexuality. Albert Haines, Salt Lake chief administrative officer authorized a parade permit for a group calling itself Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights which plans to picket Temple Square during the [LDS Church's] semiannual conference.. Newspapers.com.
118. News: Group Marches for Gay Rights. The Salt Lake Tribune. 5 October 1981. B6. About 15 'Friends of Ethyl' braved cold temperatures to March from the Federal Building to Temple Square in protest of the [LDS Church's] stand on homosexual rights. 'Ethyl', a drag performer whose real name is Randy Smith said ... he went through Brigham Young University’s aversion therapy program and that 'it hurt.' ... The group displaying signs reading, 'We are God’s Children', marched up state street to South Temple and then to Temple Square ..... Newspapers.com.
119. Web site: Benson . Ezra Taft . Fundamentals of Enduring Family Relationships . churchofjesuschrist.org . LDS Church . October 1982 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200705033807/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/1982/10/fundamentals-of-enduring-family-relationships?lang=eng . 5 July 2020. live.
120. Web site: Scott. Richard G.. Making the Right Choices. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 11 November 2016.
121. Web site: Brown Jr.. Victor. Can the gospel of Jesus Christ help people to overcome serious problems of intimacy?. https://web.archive.org/web/20090104224629/http://ldsfaq.byu.edu/viewQuestion.aspx?view=a4ee6072-4902-405e-8aba-a4decc1b8c83. ldsfaq.byu.edu. BYU. January 4, 2009. January 16, 2020. dead.
122. Brown Jr.. Victor. Healing Problems of Intimacy by Clients' Use of Gospel-Based Values and Role Definitions. BYU Studies Quarterly. 1 January 1986. 7, 23–24. 26. 1. Recognition of inadequate treatment regimens regimes regimens may account for erroneous but widespread beliefs such as that male homosexuality is not changeable. ... Change was embedded in an accepting evaluative and loving non-erotic social milieu that provided expectations ideology and actual interpersonal experiences leading to the extinction of homosexual impulses and behaviors. ... Warren was discovering that he was not the odd man out he had believed all his life and as his gender security increased his homosexual desires decreased..
123. Web site: Brown Jr.. Victor L.. What is the Latter-day Saint position on homosexuality?. https://web.archive.org/web/20090104224711/http://ldsfaq.byu.edu/viewQuestion.aspx?view=f06c6c0a-864d-48e4-a6d5-985e548726fb. ldsfaq.byu.edu. BYU. January 4, 2009. January 16, 2020. dead.
124. Web site: Burton . Theodore . Love and Marriage . byu.edu . BYU . 3 June 1986.
125. Web site: Theodore . Burton . A Marriage to Last through Eternity . churchofjesuschrist.org . Ensign . June 1987.
126. News: Lindsey. Robert. Utah Now Facing Problem of AIDS: Disease Is Occurring Despite Strict Mormon Teachings About Sexual Conduct. The New York Times. 30 October 1986. . A19. 'A lot of men are forced to marry, and they play around on the side,' said Davyd Daniels, a former Mormon ... William Blevins, 40, a former librarian at the Mormon Church's genealogical center, said the church put pressure on him to marry at 24 in belief 'it would cure me' of homosexual leanings. It did not, he said, adding that 'I still had my feelings' and that after he fathered four children the church discharged him, then excommunicated him and forced him to disclose the identities of several other employees at the church's headquarters with whom he had had sexual relations. He said his wife left him and remarried and he no longer has custody of the children..
127. Web site: Talking with Your Children about Moral Purity. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 20 November 2016.
128. Web site: Encyclopedia of Mormonism: Homosexuality. BYU HBLL Digital Collections. Brigham Young University. 7 November 2016.
129. LDS Policy on Homosexuality Reaffirmed during CBS TV Interview. Deseret News: Church News. 14 February 1987. 12.
130. Web site: Hinckley. Gordon. Reverence and Morality. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 3 November 2016.
131. Web site: Burton. Theodore. A Marriage to Last through Eternity. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
132. Web site: Bergin . Allen. Questions and Answers. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 25 May 2017.
133. Book: General Handbook of Instructions. 1989. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah. 10–4.
134. Web site: About Us . Evergreen International . 24 March 2017 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20041209130109/http://www.evergreeninternational.org/about_us.htm . 9 December 2004 .
135. Book: Jepson. Jared A.. A study of the For the strength of youth pamphlet, 1965-2004. 2005. BYU Department of Religious Education. Provo, Utah. 170–198. 15 November 2016.
136. Fillmore. Brent D.. Promoting Peculiarity—Different Editions of For the Strength of Youth. Religious Educator. 2007. 8 . 3. 75–88. 12 November 2016.
137. Book: For the Strength of Youth. 1990. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah.
138. Web site: Rees . Robert A. . Bradshaw . William S. . LGBTQ Latter-day Saint Theology . 20 Aug 2020 . . March 25, 2022 . March 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322002312/https://www.dialoguejournal.com/2020/08/lgbtq-latter-day-saint-theology/ . dead .
139. News: Dobner . Jennifer . Support group for gay and lesbian Mormons marks 30 years . The Seattle Times . 2 Jun 2007.
140. Web site: Weakland. Sean. Legacies. Yale University Library. 1996. 27 Mar 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327220404/http://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu:80/vufind/Record/4192006. dead.
141. News: Alberty . Erin . Longtime Utah LGBT advocates recount brutal history . The Salt Lake Tribune . 15 Oct 2014.
142. News: Lyons . Kelan . Pride in the Past: Tracing the Utah Pride Festival back to its origins . Salt Lake City Weekly . 30 May 2018.
143. News: Williams . Ben . The history of Utah Pride . QSaltLake . 26 May 2011.
144. Book: Eternal Marriage Student Manual. 2007. LDS Church. 230 . 16 November 2016.
145. Book: Understanding and Helping Those Who Have Homosexual Problems. 1992. LDS Church. 6. 3 November 2016.
146. News: Smart. Michael. BYU Student Poll: Ban Gay Students. The Salt Lake Tribune. 22 March 1997. As part of a project for their English class, Sam Clayton, Dale Franklin and Melanie Dinger conducted the school-approved survey to 420 students in randomly selected classes on campus. Respondents had four choices to answer the question 'What statement do you think best describes the church's stand?' Thirty-three percent chose 1. 'Accepts in full fellowship homosexually-oriented persons who live the Church's law of chastity.' Forty-one percent chose 2. 'Accepts homosexually-oriented persons as long as they change their sexual orientation?' Ten percent believe 3. The LDS Church excommunicates homosexuals regardless of sexual activity, and 10 percent marked 4. 'other.'. . D2.
147. Web site: Benson . Ezra Taft. Church Government through Councils. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 9 November 2016.
148. Web site: Packer. Boyd K.. All-Church Coordinating Council Meeting. BYUI.edu. Brigham Young University-Idaho. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20200108153822/http://emp.byui.edu/HUFFR/All%20Church%20Coordinating%20Council--Boyd%20K.%20Packer.htm. 8 Jan 2020.
149. Web site: Condie. Spencer J.. A Mighty Change of Heart. ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
150. Web site: Disciples2: LDS/Mormon/Gay/SSA/Support. https://archive.today/20131014121051/http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Disciples2/info. dead. October 14, 2013. Yahoo Groups. Yahoo. 20 November 2016.
151. Web site: Support Groups. Far Between. 20 November 2016.
152. Book: Thumma. Scott. Gray. Edward R.. Crapo. Richley H.. Gay Religion: Latter-day Saint LGBT Spirituality. 2004. AltaMira Press. 0759103267. 111. 20 May 2017.
153. Book: Eldridge . Erin . Born That Way?: A True Story of Overcoming Same-Sex Attraction With Insights for Friends, Families, and Leaders . 1 May 1994 . Deseret Book . Salt Lake City . 0875798357 .
154. News: Walker . Joseph . Woman who had lived lesbian lifestyle brings hope to Mormons with same-sex attraction through LDS Church's new website . Deseret News . 8 December 2012.
155. Web site: Scott. Richard. Making the Right Choices. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. See reference 9 of the article.
156. Web site: Trying to Serve the Lord Without Offending the Devil. BYU. 17 August 2017.
157. News: Jones. Morgan. The Weeds' story is one of many stories of LGBT Latter-day Saints that continue to be written. Deseret News. LDS Church. 7 February 2018. Josh Weed came out to his LDS bishop for the first time when he was 16-years-old during the mid-1990s. He recalls his feelings being quickly dismissed as 'confusion' or 'admiration for other men.' From there he said he went to LDS Family Services where he began undergoing reparative therapy..
158. Book: Understanding and Helping Individuals with Homosexual Problems. 1995 . LDS Social Services.
159. Web site: Wheatley Institution . byu.edu . Brigham Young University . Professor Judd is currently a professor of Ancient Scripture at Brigham Young University (1994-present) where he has served as a department chair .... . March 25, 2022 . March 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220327054659/https://wheatley.byu.edu/author/djudd/ . dead .
160. News: Judd . Daniel . The Savior has power to heal broken hearts, deliver from infirmities . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 7 Jan 1995. "[T]he gospel of Christ has power to change those who appear unchangeable. For several years I worked with an individual who was trying to overcome his problems related to homosexuality. Not long ago we were having a conversation about the origins of his problems and he said to me, 'I do not fully understand the arguments of those who say, 'I was born this way,' but what I do know is that I have been born again' and 'have no more disposition to do evil, but to do good continually.' This individual isn't simply 'coping' with his problems, but is truly free. He has come to know the truth and the truth has set him free..
161. Web site: Faust. James E.. Serving the Lord and Resisting the Devil. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
162. Book: Quinn. D. Michael. The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power. 15 January 1997. Signature Books. Salt Lake City, Utah. 1560850604. 1. 15 June 2017.
163. Web site: Oaks. Dallin. Same-Gender Attraction. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 15 November 2016.
164. Web site: Anonymous. Becoming Whole Again. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 11 November 2016.
165. News: Olsen . Jessica. Timeline. 9 February 2017. The Daily Universe . BYU. 20 January 2017.
166. News: Death of a Gay Activist. The Times News. Kinght-Ridder Tribune News Service. 9 November 1997. B8. The [LDS Church] accepts gays on one condition: that they renounce their sexual orientation. "Everything we do in the church is to offer them the help, the support, and the structure that will point them to happiness and joy," said Elder Jay E. Jensen who took part in a "healing" workshop here in September designed to help gays and lesbians become straight..
167. Web site: Popular Speakers and Presenters at Evergreen conferences, Firesides, and Workshops. evergreeninternational.org. Evergreen International. https://web.archive.org/web/20120724193938/http://www.evergreeninternational.org/Speakers.htm. 24 July 2012. dead. 1 April 2017. Elder Jay E. Jensen of the First Quorum of the Seventy ... speaker at the 7th Annual Evergreen conference, September 12–13, 1997..
168. Web site: Andrew Evans: Travel Journalist and TV Host. nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. 11 June 2017. September 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180921191302/https://events.nationalgeographic.com/speakers-bureau/speaker/andrew-evans. dead.
169. News: Evans. Andrew E.. Rise and shout, the Cougars are out: Gay former student says BYU forced him into reparative therapy. 11 June 2017. Out Sports. SB Nation. Vox Media, Inc.. 8 June 2017.
170. Book: Church Handbook of Instructions. 1998. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah. 159.
171. Hinckley. Gordon B.. What Are People Asking about Us?. Ensign. 4 October 1998. 16 November 2016.
172. Book: Church Handbook of Instructions. 1998. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah.
173. Web site: Byrd. A. Dean. When a Loved One Struggles with Same-Sex Attraction. ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
174. Web site: Hinckley. Gordon B.. Why We Do Some of the Things We Do. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 11 November 2016.
175. Byrd. Dean. Chamberlain. Mark. Dealing with Issues of Homosexuality: A Qualitative Study of Six Mormons. Religion, Mental Health, and the Latter-day Saints. 199. 179. BYU. February 4, 2022. September 23, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180923012429/https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/religion-mental-health-and-latter-day-saints/10-dealing-issues-homosexuality-qualitative. dead.
176. Web site: Byrd. A. Dean. When a Loved One Struggles with Same-Sex Attraction. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
177. Vanderhooft. JoSelle. Allies Honored at Equality Utah Dinner. QSaltLake Magazine. 16 September 2010. 'Education is one of our major goals, and to just try to get the parents and siblings to love their gay child and keep their gay child under their wing, not kick them out of the house like happens so many times with gay children,' said Millie Watts in an interview with KUED for Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided, a 1999 documentary about the families and friends of gay and lesbian Utahns..
178. Web site: Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided. https://web.archive.org/web/20020211080833/http://www.kued.org/friends/. 11 February 2002. kued.org . Public Broadcasting Service. dead.
179. Web site: An Interview with Gary & Millie Watts. ldsfamilyfellowship.org. LDS Family Fellowship. 29 November 1999.
180. Web site: David Pruden. https://web.archive.org/web/20020312213207/http://www.kued.org/friends/interviews/pruden.html. 12 March 2002. kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. dead.
181. Web site: Index of Interviews. https://web.archive.org/web/20020226111630/http://www.kued.org/friends/interviews/index.html. 26 February 2002. kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. dead.
182. Web site: Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided Script. https://web.archive.org/web/20010725225520/http://www.kued.org/friends/script/index.html. 25 July 2001. kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. dead.
183. News: Samuels . Diana. Memorial held for gay Mormon who committed suicide in Los Altos. 29 November 2016. The Mercury News. 25 February 2010.
184. News: Moore. Carrie A.. Alone in the fold: Many LDS gays struggle to cling to faith despite their yearnings. 29 November 2016. Deseret News. LDS Church.
185. Proposition 22 Dominates Wards' Attention, Divides Members. Sunstone Magazine. April 2001. 118. 90–91. 1 December 2016.
186. News: Henry Stuart Matis . Affirmation: LGBTQ Mormons, Families & Friends . Affirmation . 1 December 2016 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20131204110526/http://affirmation.org/suicides/stuart_matis.shtml . December 4, 2013 . mdy-all .
187. Book: Matis. Fred. Matis. Marilyn. Mansfield. Ty. In Quiet Desperation. 2004. Deseret Book. Salt Lake City, Utah. 978-1590383315. 18–19. 3 December 2016.
188. Book: Besen. Wayne. Anything but Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth. 3 October 2003. Routledge . 978-1560234463.
189. Web site: Millet. Robert L.. Healing Our Wounded Souls. EvergreenInternational.org. Evergreen International. 14 November 2016. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20081119234526/http://www.evergreen-intl.org/millett.htm. 19 November 2008.
190. Book: Petrey . Taylor G. . Tabernacles of Clay: Sexuality and Gender in Modern Mormonism . June 15, 2020 . University of North Carolina Press . Chapel Hill . 978-1469656212 .
191. Web site: Packer. Boyd K.. Ye Are the Temple of God. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 11 November 2016.
192. Web site: Harris . Jerry . Understanding Homosexuality . https://web.archive.org/web/20110926071056/http://ce.byu.edu/cw/fuf/archives/ . dead . byu.edu . Brigham Young University . 26 September 2011 . 4 October 2001 . In the year 2000 LDS Family Services surveyed 381 clients desiring change from homosexual thoughts, feelings and behavior. 72% reported 'significant progress' in therapy..
193. Book: Dean . Byrd . Homosexuality and the Church of Jesus Christ: Understanding Homosexuality According to the Doctrine of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints . 2001 . Cedar Fort . Springville, UT . 1555175554 .
194. Web site: Larsen. Sharon G.. God's Love. EvergreenInternational.org . Evergreen International. 14 November 2016. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20070228190743/http://www.evergreeninternational.org/larsen.htm. 28 February 2007.
195. Web site: Narth Officers . narth.com . NARTH . 29 November 2016 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20040803174911/http://www.narth.com/menus/officers.html . 3 August 2004 .
196. Web site: Harris . Jerry . Understanding Homosexuality . https://web.archive.org/web/20110926071056/http://ce.byu.edu/cw/fuf/archives/ . byu.edu . Brigham Young University . 26 September 2011 . 4 October 2001 . dead .
197. News: In 'Mormon Boy,' A Fond Farewell To the Faith . Brandon Griggs . Salt Lake Tribune . November 18, 2001 . D1,D9. June 2, 2015. Newspapers.com.
198. News: Reeser . Andrew . 'Boy Erased': Utah man tells his gay conversion therapy story . ABC4 . Nexstar Broadcasting Group . 15 Nov 2018.
199. News: Rodgers . Bethany . Utah's attempt to ban conversion therapy leads to emotional pleas from advocates and opponents . The Salt Lake Tribune . 26 Sep 2019.
200. News: Lee . Traci G. . Although discredited, gay conversion therapy remains an option for minors . https://web.archive.org/web/20210725172826/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna51301031 . dead . July 25, 2021 . NBC News . 23 Mar 2013.
201. News: Utley . Justin . Justin Utley: The darkness is real. But it is not permanent. . The Salt Lake Tribune . 2 Nov 2019.
202. My Battle with Same-Sex Attraction. Ensign. August 2002. 11 November 2016.
203. News: Kidd . Kathryn H. . Connecting Saints with Mental Health Services . Meridian Magazine . 4 November 2005 . In fact, the members of the board—who include James O. Mason, Joe J. Christensen, Ardeth Kapp, and other prominent Latter-day Saints .....
204. Web site: Hidden Treasures Foundation . https://web.archive.org/web/20021124223640/http://mentalhealthlibrary.info/index.html . dead . mentalhealthlibrary.info . Mental Health Resource Foundation . 24 November 2002 .
205. News: Hart . John L. . Help builds hope: MentalHealthLibrary.info resource to leaders, families . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 7 December 2006 . Through the Hidden Treasures Foundation [Richard D.] Hawks said the church is opening some of its own resources that 'have been developed over the years but never used.' That information includes volumes of material produced for LDS Social Services and stored in a large library that has heretofore been accessible only to professionals dealing with mental illness ... Those and other materials are now being assembled for distribution via a Web site set up by the foundation—www.mentalhealthlibrary.info..
206. Web site: Helping Individuals Who Want to Diminish Same Gender Desires And Stop Same Gender Sexual Behavior . https://web.archive.org/web/20120225130928/http://mentalhealthlibrary.info/library/same/samefaq/guidebook.htm . dead . mentalhealthlibrary.info . Mental Health Resource Foundation . 25 February 2012 .
207. News: Haney . Jeffrey P. . TV broadcast on sex orientation is canceled . Deseret News . LDS Church . 15 January 2003.
208. Robinson . Jeffrey . Homosexuality: What Works and What Doesn't Work . Families Under Fire conference . 6 October 2002 . Provo, Utah . BYU . Transcript available here.
209. News: Utah school broadcasts 'cure' lecture . Advocate . 15 January 2003.
210. News: Herbst . Casi . Homosexuality broadcast axed . Daily Universe . LDS Church . BYU . 16 January 2003.
211. Web site: Harris . Jerry . Rescuing and Nurturing those Struggling with Homosexuality . https://web.archive.org/web/20110925183232/http://ce.byu.edu/cw/fuf/archives/2003/Jerry.Harris.pdf . 25 September 2011. byu.edu . BYU . 3 October 2003.
212. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice . Initial empirical and clinical findings concerning the change process for ex-gays . June 2002 . 33 . 242–248 . Throckmorton . Warren . 10.1037/0735-7028.33.3.242 . 3 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080504130831/http://www.drthrockmorton.com/article.asp?id=1 . May 4, 2008 . mdy-all .
213. Mormon Clients' Experiences of Conversion Therapy. Beckstead. A. Lee. Morrow. Susan L.. Aug 2004. 32. 651–690. 10.1177/0011000004267555. The Counseling Psychologist. 5. 145415909.
214. News: O'Neil. Lorena. I Spent Seven Years in Gay Conversion Therapy Programs Before Breaking Free. 11 June 2017. Esquire Magazine. Hearst Communications, Inc.. 28 July 2016. It began his junior year at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah: Michael Ferguson wanted desperately to rid himself of the sexual feelings he had toward men. His Mormon faith and his loving family would never understand. So he began to try to pray the gay away. Thus began a seven-year journey through nine gay conversion therapy programs, also called reparative therapy, which included hypnotherapy, physical psychotherapy, evangelical spiritual groups, and a 12-step addiction recovery program. Such treatments were designed to "cure" homosexuality by changing a person's sexual orientation or gender identity. ... [W]hile enrolled at Brigham Young University, a bishop advised me to begin conversion therapy with a professional psychologist at the university's counseling center. ... I started in 2004 at BYU and was involved in various conversion therapy attempts through 2011..
215. Schow . Ron . Homosexual Attraction and LDS Marriage Decision . . Fall 2005 . 38 . 3 . 142 . 10.2307/45227379 . 45227379 . 254393745 .
216. Web site: The Persistence of Same Sex Attraction in Latter-day Saints . sunstonemagazine.com . The Sunstone Education Foundation . 2004.
217. Web site: Compassion for Those Who Struggle . ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church . September 2004.
218. Web site: Bateman. Merril J.. The Physical Body and the Power of the Atonement. EvergreenInternational.org. Evergreen International. 11 November 2016. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20070228085140/http://www.evergreeninternational.org/physical_body.htm. 28 February 2007.
219. Web site: CNN Larry King Live: A Conversation with Gordon B. Hinckley, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints [sic]]. 26 December 2004. . 7 October 2017.
220. Web site: About Us. foundationforattractionresearch.org. . Foundation for Attraction Research was founded by Dennis V. Dahle, JD; A. Dean Byrd, PhD, MBA, MPH; and Shirley E. Cox, DSW, LCSW in 2005 for the purpose of developing resources and conducting research supportive of traditional Judeo-Christian standards of morality. ... The members of the Foundation’s board of directors, all of whom served as editors of Understanding Same-Sex Attraction, follow: A. Dean Byrd, PhD, MBA, MPH; Shirley E. Cox, DSW, LCSW; Dennis V. Dahle, JD; Doris R. Dant, MS, MA; William C. Duncan, JD; John P. Livingstone, EdD; M. Gawain Wells, PhD. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20111021053909/http://www.foundationforattractionresearch.org/about. 2011-10-21.
221. Web site: Dahle. Dennis. Hi I'm Dennis Dahle. mormon.org. LDS church.
222. Web site: Brigham Young University's School of Social Work Annual Newsletter 2015–2016. socialwork.byu.edu. BYU. 7. 2022-02-04. 2017-12-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042611/http://socialwork.byu.edu/Content/Documents/Documents/Newsletters/Winter%202016%20Newsletter.pdf . dead.
223. News: 'Glory' author to speak at BYU. Deseret News. LDS church. 23 February 1999.
224. Web site: Duncan. William. William C. Duncan. fairmormon.org. FAIR Mormon. July 2010.
225. News: Dahle . Dennis. Livingstone. John. Wells. Gawain. Religion, science and same-sex attraction. The Salt Lake Tribune. 25 February 2011.
226. Web site: Understanding Same-Sex Attraction: Where to Turn and How to Help (LDS Edition). deseretbook.com. LDS church.
227. Reid. Kimberly W.. Review: Understanding Same-Sex Attraction: Where to Turn and How to Help. BYU Studies. 2010. 49. 1. 189–190. Instead, the authors of this book assert the unpopular opinion, backed by scientific research, that same-sex attraction can be lessened or eradicated in those who desire change and are willing to try. Readers who empathize with the Church’s position on homosexuality will likely find hope and useful ideas in this five-hundred-page compilation ... Here essayists recount how they emerged from homosexual lifestyles to find satisfaction in rejoining the Church mainstream, some even finding success in heterosexual marriages ... As some professional and state organizations frown on therapists who believe in reorientation therapy—seeking to ban their practice, in some cases—this book fills a void.. February 4, 2022. November 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171109061545/https://byustudies.byu.edu/file/9818/download?token=JF9zBOb0. dead.
228. Web site: Video for AMCAP/FAR conference addressing same-sex attraction now available online. ldslights.org. North Star International. March 2013. February 9, 2022. September 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180915155120/https://ldslights.org/video-for-amcapfar-conference-addressing-same-sex-attraction-now-available/. dead.
229. Web site: Mason. James. The Worth of a Soul Is Great. EvergreenInternational.org. 29 October 2016. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20120724194231/http://www.evergreeninternational.org/2005%20Mason.pdf. 24 July 2012.
230. Web site: Brigham Young University's School of Social Work Annual Newsletter 2015–2016. socialwork.byu.edu. BYU . 7. June 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042611/http://socialwork.byu.edu/Content/Documents/Documents/Newsletters/Winter%202016%20Newsletter.pdf. December 23, 2017. dead.
231. Cox . Shirley E. . Same-Sex Attraction . Families Under Fire Conference . 3 October 2005 . Provo, Utah . BYU. https://web.archive.org/web/20090307010110/http://ce.byu.edu:80/cw/fuf/archives/2005/Shirley.Cox.pdf. dead. 7 Mar 2009.
232. Web site: The Mormons: Jeffrey Holland Interview. pbs.org. PBS. 14 November 2016.
233. Web site: Oaks. Dallin H.. He Heals the Heavy Laden. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 12 November 2016.
234. Dallin H. . Oaks . Dallin H. Oaks . Lance B. . Wickman . Lance B. Wickman . LDS Church Public Affairs staffers . Same-Gender Attraction . Interview: Transcript . Newsroom . LDS Church . Salt Lake City, Utah . September 2006. See also the Salt Lake Tribune archived transcript here.
235. Book: Vance. Laura. Women in New Religions. New York University Press. New York City, NY. 978-1479816026. 19 June 2017. 2015-03-13.
236. Web site: God Loveth His Children. 2007 . ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
237. News: Hart . John L. . 'Battle is within': Live standards, receive blessings . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 1 October 2007.
238. .
239. News: Weaver . Sarah Jane . Their lives' roads paved with sorrow: Men dealing with same-sex attraction share their stories . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 8 November 2007.
240. News: Canham. Matt. Leaked videos show Mormon apostles discussing political influence, gay marriage, marijuana and more. 12 November 2016. Salt Lake Tribune. 2 October 2016.
241. News: Miller. Joshua Rhett. Secretly recorded videos pull curtain back on Mormon church. 12 November 2016. The New York Post. 4 October 2016.
242. Web site: Church History Library. churchhistorycatalog.lds.org. LDS Church. 25 May 2017.
243. Web site: Elder Bruce C. Hafen Speaks on Same-Sex Attraction. Mormon Newsroom. 29 October 2016. 11 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190611194249/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/elder-bruce-c-hafen-speaks-on-same-sex-attraction. dead.
244. Reid. Kimberly W.. Review: Understanding Same-Sex Attraction: Where to Turn and How to Help. BYU Studies. 2010. 49. 1. 189–190. Instead, the authors of this book assert the unpopular opinion, backed by scientific research, that same-sex attraction can be lessened or eradicated in those who desire change and are willing to try. Readers who empathize with the Church’s position on homosexuality will likely find hope and useful ideas in this five-hundred-page compilation ... Here essayists recount how they emerged from homosexual lifestyles to find satisfaction in rejoining the Church mainstream, some even finding success in heterosexual marriages ... As some professional and state organizations frown on therapists who believe in reorientation therapy—seeking to ban their practice, in some cases—this book fills a void.. February 4, 2022. November 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171109061545/https://byustudies.byu.edu/file/9818/download?token=JF9zBOb0. dead.
245. Web site: Understanding Same-Sex Attraction: Where to Turn and How to Help (LDS Edition). deseretbook.com. LDS church.
246. News: Brooks. Joanna. Mormon Leader: 'I'm Sorry' For Hurtful Legacy of Prop. 8. https://web.archive.org/web/20140604154837/http://www.religiondispatches.org/archive/sexandgender/3437/. 4 June 2014. Religion Dispatches. University of Southern California Annenberg. 28 September 2010. During the one-hour meeting, thirteen gay and straight Mormons came to the microphone. ... Gay Mormons recalled years of prayer and fasting, attempted heterosexual marriages promising to 'cure' them, and Church-prescribed aversion therapy. Gay and straight Mormons spoke of how their families and neighborhoods had been divided by the Yes on 8 campaign. ... According to attendee Carol Lynn Pearson, a Mormon author and longtime advocate of LGBT concerns, Elder Jensen said, 'To the full extent of my capacity, I say that I am sorry... I know that many very good people have been deeply hurt, and I know that the Lord expects better of us.'.
247. News: Fletcher Stack. Peggy. Mormon leadership bids farewell to peacemaking progressive. The Salt Lake Tribune. 8 October 2012.
248. News: Welker. Holly. LDS Elder Marlin Jensen's Prop 8 'Apology': We Need Clarification. Huffington Post. 27 September 2010.
249. Web site: Packer. Boyd K.. Cleansing the Inner Vessel. Mormon Channel Youtube. LDS Church. 3 November 2016. Quote starts at 9:00.
250. News: Winters. Rosemary. Mormon apostle's words about gays spark protest. 16 November 2016. The Salt Lake Tribune. 19 October 2010.
251. News: Taylor. Scott. 2,000-3,000 protest for gay rights outside Mormon church offices in Salt Lake City. 16 November 2016. Deseret News.
252. Geisner. Joseph. Very Careless in His Utterances: Editing, Correcting, and Censoring Conference Addresses. Sunstone Magazine. December 2011. 165. 14, 23. 23 November 2016.
253. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. Packer talk jibes with LDS stance after tweak. 16 November 2016. The Salt Lake Tribune. 25 October 2010.
254. Web site: Packer. Boyd K.. Cleansing the Inner Vessel. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
255. Web site: Truly Happy Now. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 4 June 2017.
256. Web site: Callister. Tad. The Lord's Standard. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 4 February 2017.
257. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. Peggy Fletcher Stack. 'Gay' not an option in Mormon survey on sexual orientation. 26 November 2016. Salt Lake Tribune.
258. News: Kingkade . Tyler. Survey Asks BYU Students If They Are Straight, Straight Or Other. 26 November 2016. The Huffington Post. 28 April 2014.
259. Green. Emma. The Profound Lack of Empathy in My Husband's Not Gay. The Atlantic. 12 January 2015. 9 December 2016.
260. Pierce. Scott D.. Utahns in 'My Husband's Not Gay' promote discredited 'conversion therapy'. The Salt Lake Tribune. 8 January 2015. 9 December 2016.
261. News: Neil Genzlinger . Where Being in Denial Is Right at Home . . January 7, 2015 . May 18, 2015.
262. Web site: Church Responds to QuestionsRegarding Upcoming TLC Program. Mormon Newsroom. 7 January 2015. LDS Church. 9 December 2016.
263. Urquhart. Evan. My Husband's Not Gay Misunderstands What It Means to Be Gay. Slate Magazine. 12 January 2015. 9 December 2016.
264. News: Fletcher Stack . Peggy . Conversion therapies don't work, experts say, so why do gay Mormons still seek them out? . The Salt Lake Tribune . 3 October 2015.
265. Web site: Michael Williams. web.byui.edu. BYU-Idaho.
266. Web site: Williams. Michael. Blog. https://web.archive.org/web/20160626023204/http://www.michaelwilliamscounseling.com/?page_id=28. dead. 2016-06-26. michaelwilliamscounseling.com. Michael Williams Counseling.
267. News: Rolly. Paul. Rolly: Mormon congregation at BYU-Idaho scraps plans for gay-conversion-therapy discussion. The Salt Lake Tribune. 20 November 2015.
268. News: Allen. Samantha. Conversion Therapy Event at BYU-I Axed. Daily Beast. 16 November 2015.
269. News: Johnson. Lindsey. Local event regarding same-sex attraction canceled and not initiated by BYU-Idaho. BYU-I Scroll. BYU-Idaho. 16 November 2015. This event was originally planned to use a [BYU-Idaho] campus classroom ..... February 4, 2022. February 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205044014/https://byuiscroll.org/local-event-regarding-same-sex-attraction-canceled-and-not-initiated-by-byu-idaho/. dead.
270. Web site: Interview Regarding Treatment of Same Sex Attraction. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030120/https://video.byui.edu/media/Interview+Regarding+Treatment+of+Same+Sex+Attraction/0_rvq8si0b. video.byui.edu. BYU-Idaho. 17 November 2015.
271. News: Wong. Curtis M.. Mormon Leader: 'There Are No Homosexual Members Of The Church'. 29 November 2016. The Huffington Post. 1 Mar 2016.
272. News: Henderson . Emma. Mormon leader claims church has no homosexual members. Independent. ESI Media. 2 March 2016.
273. News: Woodruff. Daniel. New book details LDS teen's 'humiliating' gay conversion therapy in Utah. 3 December 2016. KUTV. CBS Television Sinclair Broadcast Group. 15 March 2016.
274. Wong. Curtis M.. Mormon Woman Exposes Barbaric And 'Humiliating' Treatment For Being Gay. The Huffington Post. 17 March 2016. 3 December 2016.
275. Web site: West. Camille. Church Updates Resources Addressing Same-Sex Attraction. ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church. 4 June 2017.
276. Web site: Mormon and Gay. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. October 2016. While shifts in sexuality can and do occur for some people, it is unethical to focus professional treatment on an assumption that a change in sexual orientation will or must occur. Again, the individual has the right to define the desired outcome..
277. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions. Mormon and Gay. LDS Church. October 2016.
278. News: Trib Talk: LDS leaders Oaks, Christofferson will appear on Trib Talk to discuss religious freedom. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/UIJ6gL_xc-M . 2021-12-15 . live. 21 November 2016. The Salt Lake Tribune. 29 January 2015.
279. News: Lang. Nico. Mormon Church Comes Out Against LGBT Conversion Therapy in New Website. Advocate. 26 October 2016. The changes in the church’s rhetoric are small but profound. 'Many people pray for years and do all they can to be obedient in an effort to reduce same-sex attraction, yet find they are still attracted to the same sex,' the website reads. 'A change in attraction should not be expected or demanded as an outcome by parents or leaders.' This statement is a reference to conversion therapy, the widely condemned practice of seeking to 'change' the sexuality or gender identity of LGBT youth..
280. News: Avery. Dan. In Leaked Document, Mormon Church Leaders Say Gay Men Just Need To Be Taught "Manly Things". 10 August 2017. NewNowNext. Logo TV. Viacom International Inc.. 9 August 2017.
281. Web site: MormonLeak Releases Priesthood Leadership Conference Meeting Minutes. mormonleaks.io. MormonLeaks Newsroom. 10 August 2017.
282. News: Tracer . Dan. Leaked document reveals Mormon Church's method for 'curing' gay kids. Queerty. Q Digital, Inc.. 9 August 2017.
283. Lee. Harold. Harold B. Lee. Youth Question and Answer Session. Wichita Area Business Weekend. 26 August 2017. Wichita, Kansas. 36:00. One thing that distresses me is to see people classify themselves, often as early as age 12, as being lesbian, bisexual, or homosexual. That is a self-defeating characterization because it changes the way people relate to you, it inhibits your growth, and it stands in contrast to saying to a circle of people that love you and will understand, 'I am troubled by same-gender attraction.' ... Don't label yourself. ... I have letters in my file from people who classified themselves once as homosexual, and after a lot of life experiences they ceased to have those feelings, they repented of some transgressions along the way, married, and had children..
284. Web site: This is what it is like to be a closeted gay Mormon and to fall in love with your companion on your mission. gaystarnews.com. Gay Star News Ltd. 11 August 2017. And over the years that have passed, I have rebuilt myself but it’s been a long road to recover from dangerous messaging. I really did try, but the Church didn’t love me as I was, as I am. And then Elder Perry’s words cut again. ... He said it was like every other temptation. If it was like every other temptation, then why did my hours of praying, my days upon days of tears and anger produce no results in diminishing my attractions? I tried to surround myself with good male role models, but then I found myself gayer than before.. February 4, 2022. February 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204233024/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/like-gay-mormon-fall-love-companion-mission/#gs.9nE0dog. dead.
285. News: Gutierrez. Lisa. Masturbation, sharing beds lead to homosexuality, according to leaked Mormon teachings. The Sacramento Bee. McClatchy Company. 16 December 2017.
286. News: Means. Sean P.. Movies about the Mormon church and LGBTQ community will debut at 2018 Sundance Film Festival. The Salt Lake Tribune. 29 November 2017. Two documentaries set at the intersection of the gay community and Utah's Mormon-dominated culture will get big launches at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival..
287. News: Terry . Josh. Movie review: Sundance doc 'Quiet Heroes' looks at Utah's response to 1980s AIDS crisis. Deseret News. LDS Church. 25 January 2018. The documentary asserts that due to Utah's heavily religious culture, the Beehive State was slow to accept the reality of this national problem at home. According to the film, stigmas attached to AIDS victims and uncertainty and fear surrounding the nature of the illness left physicians unwilling to treat patients..
288. Web site: Quiet Heroes, featuring Professor Elizabeth Clement, to Debut at Sundance 2018. history.utah.edu. University of Utah Department of History. In Salt Lake City, Utah, the religious monoculture severely complicated the AIDS crisis, where patients received no support from—or were cast into exile by—the political, religious, and medical communities. Further, Mormon culture encouraged gay men to marry women and have a family to cure themselves of their "affliction," counsel which led to secret affairs and accidental marital transmissions of HIV. In the entire state and intermountain region there was only one doctor to serve all HIV/AIDS patients. This is the story of her fight to save the lives of a maligned population everyone else seemed willing to just let die.. April 1, 2022. January 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190112152320/https://history.utah.edu/faculty-news/quiet-heroes-sundance.php. dead.
289. Web site: Whitten. Quiet Heroes. Diana. utah.gov. The Utah Film Commission of the Utah State Office of Economic Development. The fear of contracting AIDS—at the time a savage and inevitable death sentence—was eclipsed for Mormons by the fear of being outed as homosexual in a context where the Church condemned homosexuality to the point of mothers disowning their children, and AIDS as God's vengeance on sinners.. April 1, 2022. March 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309023149/https://film.utah.gov/blog/quiet_heroes/. dead.
290. News: Fagg Weist. Ellen. Sundance spotlight: Meet Utah 'Quiet Heroes' who cared for AIDS patients — when no one else would. The Salt Lake Tribune. 18 January 2018. Other voices include Kim Smith, a Mormon mother who lives with HIV .... The film explores the reaction to the AIDS crisis from Catholic nuns who worked as nurses at Holy Cross, as well as the institutional response by [the LDS Church]..
291. Web site: Blystone. Ryan T.. 'Quiet Heroes': USD Alumnus' Film Documentary Debuting at Sundance Film Festival. sandiego.edu. University of San Diego. In Utah, the presence of HIV/AIDS deepened the fear and anxiety amongst residents, particularly those devoted to the Mormon faith. 'The religious monoculture severely complicated the AIDS crisis, where patients received no support from—or were cast into exile by—the political, religious, and medical communities,' states Quiet Heroes' website film synopsis. 'Further, Mormon culture encouraged gay men to marry women and have a family to cure themselves of their 'affliction,' counsel which led to secret affairs and accidental marital transmissions of HIV.'.
292. Web site: Ministering Resources—Same-Sex Attraction . LDS.org . LDS Church . 27 Mar 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20220127000000/https://providentliving.lds.org/leader/ministering-resources/same-gender-attraction?lang=eng. 27 Jan 2022. dead. Alt URL
293. Web site: Former Conversion Therapist Says He's 'Choosing To Pursue Life As A Gay Man'. Curtis M.. Wong. 23 January 2019. HuffPost. 26 June 2019.
294. News: Rodgers . Bethany . Utah lawmakers are about to unveil a bill to protect LGBTQ youths from 'conversion therapy' — and the LDS Church won't oppose it . The Salt Lake Tribune . 20 Feb 2019.
295. News: Rodgers . Bethany . LDS Church says proposed 'conversion' ban would silence therapists, but its motives are under fire . The Salt Lake Tribune . 20 Oct 2019.
296. News: Tribune Editorial: Utah should ban conversion therapy, no matter what the LDS Church says . The Salt Lake Tribune . 16 Oct 2019.
297. News: Zaveri . Mihir . Utah Is Latest State to Ban Conversion Therapy for Children . The New York Times . 22 Jan 2020.
298. News: Law . Tara . Why the LDS Church Joined LGBTQ Advocates in Supporting Utah's Conversion Therapy Ban . Time Magazine . 29 Nov 2019.
299. Anderson. Shaun Michael. A Mormon Missionary's Guide to Conversion Therapy Addiction Recovery. Aug 2020. 10.26076/b35d-0521. Utah State University. 3.