Sevlengere Explained

Group:Sevlengere
Langs:Sepeči

The Sevlengere, also known as Sevlengere Roma or Sepečides Roma,[1] are a Romani subgroup in Greece and Turkey. Sevlengere traditionally speak Sepeči, a dialect of the Romani language, although the RomArchive claims the dialect is practically extinct.[2] The Sepeči dialect is considered to be non-Vlax,[3] and belongs to the Southern Balkan group of Romani dialects.[4] The ancestors of the Sevlengere were basketweavers in Thessaloniki, and lived there as nomads during the Ottoman Empire until the population exchange between Greece and Turkey.[5] [6]

Origin

Genetic research shows that the Romani people originated in the Indian subcontinent.[7] [8] Up until about 1920 the traditional profession of Sevlengere Roma was the making and selling of baskets. According to the Rombase of the University of Graz, "they all spoke Greek, some of them also Turkish, fluently."[9] [10] The Sevlengere Roma lived in communities in Greece (primarily in the Chalkidike peninsula) and later in Turkey

During the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Christian and Greek Sepečides remained in Greece, as did the Muslims who adopted the Orthodox religion; those who remained Muslim went to Turkey. Many of the families that left Saloniki but remained in Greece settled in the Volos area and became Greek Orthodox. The others who were more inclined towards Turkish and the Muslim religion and who moved to Turkey speak only Turkish as their mother tongue. Some of the old settlements where they once lived include Tralangere (Trala, a village near Saloniki) and Kardičakere (also known as Karditsa, in northern Greece). In 1920, migrants wishing to avoid the Greco-Turkish War presented themselves as either Greeks or Turks and alternated between using two flags to identify themselves.

Language

Sepeči
States:Greece, Turkey
Familycolor:Indo-European
Fam2:Indo-Iranian
Fam3:Indo-Aryan
Fam5:Romani
Fam6:Sepeči
Isoexception:dialect
Glotto:sepe1242
Glottorefname:Sepečides

The dialect has many Greek and Turkish loanwords.[11] The loanword verb markers in Romani "are often Greek derived markers, maintained even when contact with Greek has ceased."[12] Linguist Petra Cech published a monograph codifying this dialect in 1996.[13] Many of the Sepečides from Greece live in Izmir, where their descendants speak only Turkish.[14]

Greece

The Sevlengere that remained in Greece after 1923 moved south to settle in Volos.[15] Their families primarily speak a Greek dialect with some Turkish words. They tend to call themselves Sevlengere Roma. The younger generation's first language is believed to be Romani, followed by Greek. The Sevlengere on the island of Skyros include Christian Roma who remained in Greece as well as the descendants of Muslim Roma who stayed and converted to Orthodox Christianity. Some of the Orthodox Christian Sevlengere also settled in Volax.[16] The Sevlengere who remained in Greece at Volos took up the additional profession of carpet trade, unlike their Roma relatives in Izmir.

Turkey

In Menemen, some Sevlengere still make baskets.[17] In Anamur,[18] Edremit, Düzce and Kozan,[19] they also weave baskets.[20] [21] [22] Some settled in East Thrace and Evreşe at Gelibolu after 1923 and still make baskets.[23] In Istanbul, some became flower sellers[24] or musicians.[25] A group of Sevlengere settled in the 1950s in Söke where they still weave baskets.[26] Some words and phrases from the old Sepeči dialect survived, but the main language of the Sevlengere in Turkey is now Turkish.[27]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Romani Dialect Sampler. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211203204648/https://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/interactive/sampler/tr901.html. 3 December 2021. 3 December 2021. Romani Humanities,Manchester UK.
  2. Web site: Sepečides / Sevlengere Roma . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211121175851/https://www.romarchive.eu/en/terms/sepecides-sevlengere-roma/ . 2021-11-21 . 2021-11-28 . Romarchive.eu.
  3. Web site: Sepečides . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211202193940/http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cd/data/ethn/groupsat/data/sepecides.en.pdf . 2 December 2021 . 2 December 2021 . Rombase.uni-graz.at.
  4. Web site: ROMLEX: Romani Dialects . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211128010532/http://romani.uni-graz.at/romlex/dialects.xml . 2021-11-28 . 2021-11-28 . Romani.uni-graz.at.
  5. Web site: Basket Weavers [Rombase] .
  6. Web site: Cerhara / Čergarja .
  7. Bánfai . Zsolt . Melegh . Béla I. . Sümegi . Katalin . Hadzsiev . Kinga . Miseta . Attila . Kásler . Miklós . Melegh . Béla . Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area . Frontiers in Genetics . 13 June 2019 . 10 . 558 . 10.3389/fgene.2019.00558 . 31263480 . 6585392 . free .
  8. News: Nelson. Dean. 3 December 2012. European Roma descended from Indian 'untouchables', genetic study shows. The Daily Telegraph. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109171547/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/9719058/European-Roma-descended-from-Indian-untouchables-genetic-study-shows.html. 9 January 2022. 17 January 2022.
  9. Web site: Basket Weavers [Rombase]]. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211203165806/http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data%2Fethn%2Fwork%2Fbasket.en.xml. 3 December 2021. 18 January 2022. Rombase.uni-graz.at.
  10. Web site: 20 December 2016. From Hand to Hand – Stories about craftsmansship in Greece today. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211204035909/https://from-hand-to-hand.org/skyros-basket-weavers/. 4 December 2021. From-hand-to-hand.org. 3 December 2021.
  11. Book: Cech . Petra . Sepecides- romani . Heinschink . Mozes F. . 1996 . LINCOM Europa . 9783895860362 . 2 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211202214202/https://books.google.com/books?id=N1EbAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en . 2 December 2021 . live.
  12. Adamou . Evangelia . April 2010 . Bilingual speech and language ecology in Greek Thrace: Romani and Pomak in contact with Turkish . live . Language in Society . 39 . 2 . 147–171 . 10.1017/S0047404510000035 . 40606075 . 145108822 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211203214549/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40606075 . 3 December 2021 . 3 December 2021.
  13. Web site: Petra Cech . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211128012606/https://www.romarchive.eu/en/collection/p/petra-cech/ . 2021-11-28 . 2021-11-28 . Romarchive.eu.
  14. Web site: Geschichte . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211203160111/http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cd/data/ethn/groupsat/data/sepecides.de.pdf . 3 December 2021 . 18 January 2022 . Rombase.uni-graz.at.
  15. Web site: Roma traditional craft: basket weaving — Правозахисний фонд "Розвиток". live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211224185213/https://rozvitok.org/en/roma-traditional-craft-basket-weaving/. 24 December 2021. 18 January 2022. Rozvitok.org.
  16. Web site: 24 April 2021. The Lost Art of Traditional Basket Weaving in Greece. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109151930/https://greekreporter.com/2021/04/24/lost-art-traditional-basket-weaving-greece/. 9 January 2022. 18 January 2022. Greekreporter.com.
  17. Web site: Menemen'de Tarihten Bir Yaprak Menemen'de Kelterci-Sepetçinin Keyfi Kaçtı. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211224185851/http://www.menemeninsesi.com.tr/haber/Menemen-de-Tarihten-Bir-Yaprak-Menemen-de-Kelterci-Sepetcinin-Keyfi-Kacti/157. 24 December 2021. Menmeninsesi.com.tr. 24 December 2021.
  18. Web site: GÜNÜN ZORU: Kamıştan sepet yapan Roman kadınların elleri. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211224150310/https://ekmekvegul.net/sectiklerimiz/gunun-zoru-kamistan-sepet-yapan-roman-kadinlarin-elleri. 24 December 2021. Ekmekvegul.net. 5 September 2017 . 24 December 2021.
  19. Web site: Adana'da Romanların sepetleri ekonomiye kazandırıldı. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211224150307/https://www.ensonhaber.com/ekonomi/adanada-romanlarin-kamistan-sepetleri-orulmeye-devam-ediyor. 24 December 2021. Ensonhaber.com. 4 December 2021 . 24 December 2021.
  20. Web site: Edremit'te sepetçilik yeniden canlanıyor .
  21. Web site: Baba mesleği sepetçiliği yaşatmaya çalışıyor .
  22. Web site: Sepetçiler ata mesleğini devam ettirme çabasında. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211213010621/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/yasam/sepetciler-ata-meslegini-devam-ettirme-cabasinda/906224. 13 December 2021. 18 January 2022. Aa.com.tr.
  23. Web site: Vertreibung und Abwanderung der Muslime vom Balkan. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222171246/http://ieg-ego.eu/de/threads/europa-unterwegs/ethnische-zwangsmigration/berna-pekesen-vertreibung-der-muslime-vom-balkan. 22 December 2021. 18 January 2022. Ieg-ego.eu.
  24. Gypsies in the economy of Turkey: A focus on Gypsy flower sellers in two central districts of İstanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey. 2014. 51. 123–146. Özateşler. Gül. 10.1017/S0896634600006749. 148240895.
  25. Web site: 23 October 2019. Clarinet Genius Cüneyt Sepetçi: From Weddings to World Music. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220103133649/https://renk-magazin.de/en/cueneyt-sepetci//. 3 January 2022. Renk-magazin.de.
  26. Web site: 'Sepetçi romanlarının' sosyo-kültürel yapıları üzerine sosyolojik bir araştırma: Söke örneği . May 2021 . Polat . Ceren .
  27. Web site: 'SEPETÇĠ ROMANLARININ' SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YAPILARI ÜZERĠNE SOSYOLOJĠK BĠR ARAġTIRMA: SÖKE ÖRNEĞĠ. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109150526/http://acikerisim.pau.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11499/38561/Ceren%20Polat.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. 9 January 2022. 18 January 2022. Acikerisim.pau.edu.tr. PDF.

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