Sergey Vitalievich Gaikov (Russian: Сергей Витальевич Галков; born 9 May 1965 in Moscow) is a Soviet-born, Russian sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. He won two bronze medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, earning them in 1991 (K-4 500 m for the Soviet Union) and 1993 (K-4 10000 m for Russia).
Galkov also competed in the K-2 1000 m event for the Soviets at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, but was eliminated in the semifinals.