| Serafima Hopner | |
| Native Name Lang: | uk |
| Order: | Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine |
| Term Start: | September 9, 1918 |
| Term End: | October 23, 1918 |
| Predecessor: | Georgiy Pyatakov |
| Successor: | Emanuel Kviring |
| Birth Date: | April 7, 1880 |
| Birth Place: | Kherson, Russian Empire |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Party: | RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1903–1918) Russian Communist Party (1918–1966) |
| Alma Mater: | University of Paris |
| Occupation: | Politician, historian |
Serafima Ilyinichna Hopner (; 1880–1966) was a Bolshevik politician, a Hero of Socialist Labor (1960), and a Doctor of Historical Sciences (1934).
Beginning in 1903, she was a member, and then a secretary of the Bolshevik party in Yekaterinoslav. In 1910–1917, she lived in emigration. From September 9 to October 23, 1918, she was the secretary of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine. In 1928-1938 she worked for the Comintern. Beginning in 1945, she was an employee of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow.[1]