Tombouctou and Bamba attacks explained

Conflict:Tombouctou and Bamba attacks
Partof:Mali War
Date:September 7, 2023
Place:Banikane and Bamba, Mali
Result:JNIM victory
  • Hundreds of passengers drown on the Tombouctou
  • JNIM briefly occupies Malian camp at Bamba
Combatant1: Mali
Combatant2: Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
Casualties1:15+ killed (per Mali)
Casualties2:50 killed (per Mali)
Casualties3:154+ civilians killed on the Tombouctou

On September 7, 2023, at least 154 civilians and fifteen Malian soldiers were killed when Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) militants simultaneously attacked a Malian military camp at Bamba and the civilian boat Tombouctou on the Niger River near the village of Banikane, Gourma-Rharous. The attacks prompted the Malian junta that took power in 2021 to postpone the upcoming 2024 presidential election indefinitely.[1] [2] The attack on the Tombouctou in particular was considered by Malian officials to be one of the deadliest terror attacks in the country's history.

Background

Since 8 August 2023, JNIM began imposing a siege on the city of Timbuktu, heavily affecting the freedom of movement on roads and waterways in the area.[3] Due to the area's poor road infrastructure, the Niger river acts as an important transportation route.[4] The Timbuktu, a boat owned by the Malian state-owned shipping company Compagnie Malienne de Navigation (COMANAV), had a capacity of 300 passengers and operated a route between Mopti and Timbuktu.[5] It had previously been attacked by rockets on 1 September, resulting in the death of a 12-year old and injuring a soldier and boat driver.[6] [7]

Despite having a capacity of 300, the Tombouctou was overloaded on the day of the attack, with over 500 people on board including Malian soldiers.[8]

Attacks

Attack on the Tombouctou

JNIM jihadists attacked the Tombouctou between 10:30 and 11:00 am on September 7 as the vessel was traveling along the river between the villages of Abokoira and Zorghoi, having left from Mopti en route to Gao. The attackers launched three rockets towards the boat's engines, and Malian soldiers on the upper deck of the boat began exchanging fire with JNIM after the second rocket. The engines exploded and the ship caught fire from the rockets.[9] Passengers began jumping off the side of the boat into the river, with some drowning. Other civilians who were stuck on the inside of the boat were unable to get out. Four hundred survivors made their way to the banks of the river, and were transported to Gourma-Rharous. Malian officials aided in the evacuation, and the mayor of Gourma-Rharous sent lifeguards to help drowning passengers.

According to witness testimonies, recovery efforts recovered sixty-seven bodies by 5 PM, and then another eighty-seven, leading to a total of 154 dead. This was after they had initially counted 120 dead before finding several more that had been swept away by currents. A statement by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) on September 11 confirmed that among the dead were twenty-four children, with nine other children receiving hospital treatment.[10]

Attack on Bamba military camp

Two hours after the attack on the Timbuktu, a separate attack was carried out on a Mali military camp in Bamba, east of the Tombouctou's location. JNIM was able to take control of the base, briefly occupying it and looting weaponry.[11] The junta later stated that Malian defenders suffered injuries and material damage when defending the military camp.[12]

Aftermath and impact

Attack on Gao

Starting at around 7:00 GMT on 8 September, JNIM began attacks on a Malian military camp and the international airport in Gao using shells and two suicide vehicles. According to Radio France Internationale, one of the suicide vehicles managed to breach the camp and gunfire was then heard. The Malian Armed Forces described it as a 'complex suicide attack'.[13] Access to Gao was subsequently blocked and the airport was temporarily closed.[14]

In response to the attack, the Bundeswehr announced that 850 German soldiers stationed nearby had been moved to protective facilities.[15]

Perpetrators

JNIM claimed responsibility for the attacks on the Tombouctou and Bamba on September 7.[16] The Malian government also accused JNIM of responsibility in its official report on the attacks. Several Malian social media accounts had initially accused the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) of being responsible for the September 7 attacks, but this was denied by the CMA.

Casualties

The Malian government's preliminary report on the attack announced a death toll of forty-nine civilians and fifteen soldiers killed in both attacks. The junta also stated fifty jihadists were killed in both attacks. In the statement, the government declared three days of national mourning starting on September 8. A blood donation campaign was launched at Gao hospital in the days following the attack.[17]

No updates were given on the attacks by the Malian government in the days that followed, and there was no discernment between the casualties at Bamba and on the Tombouctou.[18] RFI reported on September 11 that local medical and military sources reported over a hundred casualties. Dozens of bodies were buried on the banks of the river after being recovered, and dozens more were missing. On September 15, the head of a village near the Tombouctou attack stated over a hundred people had been buried excluding those who perished when the boat sank.

A November 2023 Human Rights Watch report assessed that at least 120 people were killed during the attack, citing witness testimony. One survivor who accompanied rescuers to the site of the attack stated that 154 bodies were recovered.

Reactions

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2023-09-25 . Mali junta delays February presidential election for 'technical reasons' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230926012302/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230925-mali-junta-delays-february-presidential-election-for-technical-reasons . 26 September 2023 . 2023-09-26 . France 24 . en.
  2. Web site: 2024-04-12 . Mali: Junta Suspends Political Parties, Associations Human Rights Watch . 2024-06-15 . en.
  3. Web site: 2023-11-01 . Mali : Les groupes islamistes armés et l'armée prennent les civils pour cible . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231214185052/https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/11/01/mali-les-groupes-islamistes-armes-et-larmee-prennent-les-civils-pour-cible . 14 December 2023 . 2024-01-01 . . fr.
  4. Web site: Attack on boat, army base in Mali kills at least 49 civilians, 15 soldiers . 2024-01-01 . Al Jazeera . en.
  5. Web site: 2023-09-08 . Mali: 49 civilians and 15 soldiers killed in two attacks on a boat and an army base . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101121643/https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/08/mali-49-civilians-and-15-soldiers-killed-in-two-attacks-on-a-boat-and-an-army-base/ . 1 January 2024 . 2024-01-01 . Africa News . en.
  6. Web site: Nsaibia . Héni . 2023-09-21 . Fact Sheet: Attacks on Civilians Spike in Mali as Security Deteriorates Across the Sahel . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127064546/https://acleddata.com/2023/09/21/fact-sheet-attacks-on-civilians-spike-in-mali-as-security-deteriorates-across-the-sahel/ . 27 January 2024 . 2024-01-01 . ACLED . en-US.
  7. News: 2023-09-08 . Mali : au moins 64 morts, dont 49 civils, dans deux attaques distinctes dans le nord du pays . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101143601/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/09/08/mali-64-morts-dont-49-civils-dans-deux-attaques-distinctes-au-nord-du-pays_6188333_3212.html . 1 January 2024 . 2024-01-01 . Le Monde.fr . fr.
  8. Web site: À bord du « Tombouctou », « ceux qui étaient coincés à l'intérieur y sont restés » - Jeune Afrique.com . 2024-06-15 . JeuneAfrique.com . fr-FR.
  9. Web site: 2023-09-07 . Mali: des dizaines de morts civils et militaires dans une double attaque terroriste . 2024-06-15 . RFI . fr.
  10. Web site: Tchibindat . Félicité . 11 September 2023 . UNICEF calls for the protection of children affected by violence in Mali . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523001100/https://www.unicef.org/wca/press-releases/unicef-calls-protection-children-affected-violence-mali%C2%A0 . 23 May 2024 . 1 January 2024 . UNICEF.
  11. Web site: 2023-09-08 . Mali: série d'attaques terroristes dans les régions de Gao et Tombouctou . 2024-01-01 . RFI . fr . 1 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101144715/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230908-mali-s%C3%A9rie-d-attaques-terroristes-dans-les-r%C3%A9gions-de-gao-et-tombouctou . live .
  12. Web site: 2023-09-07 . Mali: des dizaines de morts civils et militaires dans une double attaque terroriste . 2024-06-15 . RFI . fr.
  13. Web site: 2023-09-08 . Mali hit by waves of attacks that have left more than 60 dead amid spiraling insecurity . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101143601/https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/08/africa/mali-militant-attack-passenger-boat-army-base-intl-hnk/index.html . 1 January 2024 . 2024-01-01 . CNN . en.
  14. Web site: Diallo . Tiemoko . 9 September 2023 . Al Qaeda branch claims attack on second Mali military base . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231102025318/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/least-49-civilians-15-soldiers-killed-north-east-mali-attacks-interim-government-2023-09-07/ . 2 November 2023 . 1 January 2024 . Reuters.
  15. Web site: Mali witnesses fresh suicide attack at military base – DW – 09/08/2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101143601/https://www.dw.com/en/mali-witnesses-fresh-suicide-attack-at-military-base/a-66758344 . 1 January 2024 . 2024-01-01 . dw.com . en.
  16. News: 2023-09-08 . Au Mali, Tombouctou sous blocus depuis un mois . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231219140259/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/09/08/au-mali-tombouctou-sous-blocus-depuis-un-mois_6188456_3212.html . 19 December 2023 . 2024-01-01 . Le Monde.fr . fr.
  17. Web site: 2023-09-09 . Le Mali en deuil après trois attaques terroristes au bilan terrible revendiquées par le Jnim . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101150218/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230909-le-mali-en-deuil-apr%C3%A8s-trois-attaques-terroristes-au-bilan-terrible-revendiqu%C3%A9es-par-le-jnim . 1 January 2024 . 2024-01-01 . RFI . fr.
  18. Web site: 2023-09-11 . Mali: autorités et CMA se contredisent sur le crash d'un avion de l'armée, les ex-rebelles haussent le ton . 2024-06-15 . RFI . fr.
  19. Web site: The Chairperson of the African Union Commission condemns the Terrorist Attacks in Mali on 07 September 2023 African Union . 2024-01-01 . au.int . 1 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240101143601/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230908/chairperson-condemns-terrorist-attacks-mali . live .

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