Sepidiini Explained

The Sepidiini is a tribe of ground-dwelling darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae),^[1] that occurs across Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Arabian Peninsula and Mesopotamia. It is composed of many hundreds of species.^[2] The larvae of some species are known to damage crops.^[3]

Morphology

Their morphology is complex due to their richly divergent forms.^[2] They are distinguished from the diurnal taxa, by their well-developed and true hypomera of the elytra, the free mobility of the thorax and hind body, and the free and non-fused pleurital and pleural margins of the sterna and elytra respectively.^[2]

Biology

Their morphology is believed to facilitate moisture absorption and accumulation, via the open body sutures and the loosely joined body parts. Subtribe Trachynotina excepting, they show an almost uniform tendency to be nocturnal, crepuscular or shade-loving.^[2] Like the tribe Tentyriini, their daily rhythm is based on a strictly nocturnal ancestral disposition. Their open and non-connate body sutures suggest the enjoyment of nocturnal conditions and night moisture.^[2]

At night, a surface secretion of a sometimes pruinescent or waxy substance has been noted on the bodies of genera Brinckia, Namibomodes, Synhimba and Ocnodes (or Phanerotomea). This is assumed to prevent evaporation.^[2]

Taxonomy

The tribe Sepidiini is made up of 6 subtribes, 70 genera, and more than 1000 species. These genera belong to the tribe Sepidiini:

• Hypomelina
  • Argenticrinis Louw, 1979
  • Bombocnodulus Koch, 1955
  • Brinckia Koch, 1962
  • Hypomelus Solier, 1843
  • Iugidorsum Louw, 1979
  • Sulcipectus Louw, 1979
  • Trachynotidus Péringuey, 1899
  • Triangulipenna Louw, 1979
  • Uniungulum Koch, 1962
• Molurina^[4]
  • Amiantus
  • Argenticrinis
  • Arturium
  • Bombocnodulus
  • Brachyphrynus
  • Chiliarchum
  • Dichtha
  • Distretus
  • Euphrynus
  • Glyptophrynus
  • Huilamus
  • Mariazofia
  • Melanolophus
  • Moluris
  • Ocnodes
  • Piesomera
  • Phrynocolus
  • Phrynophanes
  • Physophrynus
  • Psammodes
  • Psammophanes
  • Psammorhyssus
  • Psammotyria
  • Stridulomus
  • Tarsocnodes
  • Toktokkus
  • Tibiocnodes
  • Tuberocnodes
• Oxurina
  • Decoriplus Louw, 1979
  • Miripronotum Louw, 1979
  • Namibomodes Koch, 1952
  • Oxura Kirby, 1819
  • Palpomodes Koch, 1952
  • Pterostichula Koch, 1952
  • Stenethmus Gebien, 1937
  • Synhimba Koch, 1952
• Phanerotomeina
  • Huilamus Koch, 1953
  • Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870
  • Psammoryssus Kolbe, 1886
  • Stridulomus Koch, 1955
  • Tarsocnodes Gebien, 1920
• Sepidiina
  • Dimoniacis Koch, 1958
  • Echinotus Solier, 1843
  • Peringueyia Koch, 1958
  • Sepidiopsis Gestro, 1892
  • Sepidiostenus Fairmaire, 1884
  • Sepidium Fabricius, 1775
  • Vieta Laporte, 1840
  • Vietomorpha Fairmaire, 1887
• Trachynotina
  • Cyrtoderes Dejean, 1834
  • Epairopsis Koch, 1955
  • Ethmus Haag-Rutenberg-Rutenberg, 1873
  • Histrionotus Koch, 1955
  • Microphligra Koch, 1955
  • Ossiporis Pascoe, 1866
  • Oxycerus Koch, 1955
  • Somaticus Hope, 1840
  • Trachynotus Latreille, 1828
  • Trichethmus Gebien, 1937

External links

• Molurini , micro*scope

Notes and References

1. Bouchard . Patrice . Lawrence . J.F. . Davies . A.E. . Newton . A.F. . Synoptic Classification of the World Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with a review of Family-group names . Annales Zoologici . 2005 . 55 . 4 . 499–53 . 24 July 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121112221953/http://www.tenebrionidae.net/newdesign/papers/bouchard.pdf . 12 November 2012 .
2. Koch. C.. The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa, XXXII New Psammophilous species from the Namib desert. Annals of the Transvaal Museum . 107–124 . 7 November 2013.
3. Drinkwater . T.W.. Morphology of and key to the larvae of six somaticus spp coleoptera tenebrionidae . Journal of African Zoology . 1991 . 105 . 6 . 509–536 . 6 November 2013.
4. Female terminalia morphology and cladistic relations among Tok‐Tok beetles . 10.1111/cla.12510 . 2022 . Kamiński . Marcin J. . Gearner . Olivia M. . Raś . Marcin . Hunsinger . Elliot T. . Smith . Amelia L. . Mas‐Peinado . Paloma . Girón . Jennifer C. . Bilska . Aleksandra G. . Strümpher . Werner P. . Wirth . Christopher C. . Kanda . Kojun . Swichtenberg . Kali . Iwan . Dariusz . Smith . Aaron D. . Cladistics . cla.12510 . 35785491 . 250283827 . free . 10261/278940 . free .