Demta–Sentani languages explained

Demta–Sentani
Also Known As:Demta – Lake Sentani
Region:Lake Sentani region, Papua
Familycolor:Papuan
Fam1:Northwest Papuan?
Child1:Demta
Child2:Sentani
Glotto:sent1261
Glottorefname:Sentanic

The Demta–Sentani languages form a language family of coastal Indonesian Papua near the Papua New Guinea border.

Languages

The term 'Sentani' is ambiguous. It may be used in a wider sense, including Demta, in a narrow sense (Sentani proper) excluding Demta – either as an unrelated language family or as a branch of Demta–Sentani – or for the Sentani language itself. Usher distinguishes these three scopes as 'Demta – Sentani Lake', 'Sentani Lake' and 'Sentani'.

Classification

Demta–Sentani was a branch of Stephen Wurm's proposal for Trans–New Guinea. The languages have lexical similarities with the Asmat–Kamoro languages, though later linguists have not accepted the resemblances as indicative of a genealogical relationship. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) list the following resemblances between the Sentani languages and proto-Trans-New Guinea, though they classify Sentani as a separate language family rather than as part of Trans-New Guinea.[2]

Ross (2005) does not believe these demonstrate a genealogical relationship, and proposes instead that the Demta–Sentani languages are related to the East Bird's Head languages, in a tentative East Bird's Head – Sentani family. Foley (2018) classifies them as an independent language family.[3] Usher (2020) tentatively includes them in a proposed Northwest Papuan family, though as of 2020 it's not clear whether the resemblances are due to inheritance or borrowing.

The connection between Demta and the Sentani languages is not supported by Søren Wichmann (2013)'s automated comparison.[4]

Pronouns

The pronouns Ross reconstructs for proto-family are:

I
exclusive we
  • me
inclusive we
  • e
thou
  • wa
you ?
s/he
they ?

Comparative pronouns in Sentani languages:[3]

pronoun Sentani Tabla Nafri Sowari
1sdə(yæ) te(ye) mini
2swə(yæ) we(ye) we
3snə(yæ) ne(ye) ngane
1p.exclme(yæ) e me ngama
1p.incle(yæ)
2pmə(yæ) we mai me
3pnə(yæ) ne(ye) kumbi

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) (for Sentani)[5] and Voorhoeve (1975),[6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[7]

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. possibly ey, au, aye for “bird”) or not (e.g. tuniyiŋgan, yebu, faləm for “head”).

gloss Sentani
headtuniyiŋgan yebu faləm
hairpioupiə mwa uma
eyekariŋgewa iro i joko
noseface
toothitini itəha
legnəmbia oto oro
louseami mi
dogaweŋgen yoku yoku
pignifie obo obo
birdey au aye
eggkuku to do
bloodowar sa oki
boneari iro po
skinyow yim wa wa
breastnimə
treeya-yeŋgan ono no
manwatuga to do
sunomar sipo hu
wateryarim bu
firepayn i i
stonekara tuka duka
namearor to do
eatemaŋo anforu anəi-ko
oneupu mbe əmbai
twopugwai be be

See also

Notes and References

  1. https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/northwest-new-guinea/demta-lake-sentani New Guinea World, Demta – Lake Sentani
  2. Book: Pawley . Andrew . Hammarström . Harald . Palmer . Bill . 2018 . The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide . The Trans New Guinea family . The World of Linguistics . 4 . Berlin . De Gruyter Mouton . 21–196 . 978-3-11-028642-7.
  3. Book: Foley, William A. . Palmer . Bill . 2018 . The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide . The languages of Northwest New Guinea . The World of Linguistics . 4 . Berlin . De Gruyter Mouton . 433–568 . 978-3-11-028642-7.
  4. Wichmann, Søren. 2013. A classification of Papuan languages . In: Hammarström, Harald and Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.), History, contact and classification of Papuan languages (Language and Linguistics in Melanesia, Special Issue 2012), 313-386. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.
  5. McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970.
  6. Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975.
  7. Web site: TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea . Greenhill . Simon . 2016. 2020-11-05.