Senna multijuga explained

Senna multijuga, commonly known as November shower or false sicklepod, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae.[1] It is native to wet tropical areas of Latin America, and widely introduced to other tropical locales such as Africa, India, Indonesia, China, Australia, and Hawaii.[2] A fast-growing tree typically tall, it is planted in restoration projects, as an ornamental, and as a street tree, being especially useful under power lines.[3]

Description

Senna multijuga is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to, sometimes to and sometimes flowering precociously as a shrub only high. The leaves are pinnate with 10 to 37 pairs of linear to elliptic leaflets long and wide. There are linear or bristle-like stipules long at the base. There is a pair of glands between the lowest pairs of leaflets, but that fall off as the leaves open. The flowers are yellow and arranged on the ends of branchlets in racemes of three to sixteen panicles, the lowest panicles with at least five flowers. Each panicle is on a peduncle long, each flower on a pedicel long. The five petals are long but differ from each other. The seven fertile stamens vary in length from long and there are three tiny staminodes. Flowering occurs from late summer to early autumn, and the fruit is a broadly linear pod long and wide containing thirty to sixty flattened seeds about long.[1] [4]

Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1792 by Louis Claude Richard who gave it the name Cassia multijuga in his Actes de la Societe D' Histoire Naturelle de Paris.[5] [6] In 1982, Howard Samuel Irwin and Rupert Charles Barneby transferred the species to the genus Senna as S. multijuga in Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden.

Subtaxa

The following subtaxa are accepted:

Distribution and habitat

Senna multijuga grows in disturbed forest, along watercourse and in gallery forest within savannah. It is native to northern parts of South America, and possibly Mexico, but is naturalised in many other countries, including India, parts of Southeast Asia and Africa, New Guinea and Australia.[1] In Australia, it is restricted to Bellingen and Thora.[7]

Notes and References

  1. Senna multijuga (November shower) . 2022 . Datiles . M. J. . Acevedo-Rodrígue . P. . CABI Compendium . 10.1079/cabicompendium.49589 . Preferred Common Name; November shower ... Common Names; false sicklepod, golden shower . free .
  2. The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world's cities . 2020 . Ossola . Alessandro . Hoeppner . Malin J. . Burley . Hugh M. . Gallagher . Rachael V. . Beaumont . Linda J. . Leishman . Michelle R. . Global Ecology and Biogeography . 29 . 11 . 1907–1914 . 10.1111/geb.13169 . 225429443 .
  3. Web site: Useful Tropical Plants – Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae . Fern . Ken . 20 July 2022 . tropical.theferns.info . Tropical Plants Database . 2 February 2023 .
  4. Web site: Senna multijuga . Royal Botanic Garden Sydney . 10 August 2023.
  5. Book: Richard . Louis Claude . Actes de la Societe D' Histoire Naturelle de Paris . 1 . 1792 . Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris . Paris . 108 . 11 August 2023.
  6. Web site: Cassia multijuga . Australian Plant Name Index . 10 August 2023.
  7. Hosking . John R. . Conn . Barry J. . Lepschi . Brendan J. . Barker . Clive H. . Plant species first recognised as naturalised for New South Wales in 2002 and 2003, with additional comments on species recognised as naturalised in 2000–2001 . Cunninghamia . 2007 . 10 . 1 . 152 . 11 August 2023.