Senega nana, commonly known as candyroot or low bachelors' buttons, is a small species of herbaceous plant native to the south-eastern United States. The root has a sweet liquorice flavor when it is chewed, but it is usually hidden underground until the plant flowers. The seeds of candyroot are dispersed by ants.
French botanist André Michaux described candyroot as a variety of Polygala lutea in 1803.[1] Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle reclassified it as a species in 1824.[2] The species name is the Latin word nanus "dwarf".
Candyroot grows as a clumping herbaceous plant NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 tall,[3] more commonly NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 tall. Growing from the base of the plant are the spathulate (spoon-shaped) leaves, which are NaNfrac=4NaNfrac=4 long and NaNfrac=4NaNfrac=4 cm wide. The yellow flowerheads are composed of tiny flowers arranged in racemes, and are NaNfrac=4NaNfrac=4 high by 1.5frac=4NaNfrac=4 wide.[4] They appear from April to June,[3] from March to October in Alabama,[5] and year-round in the Everglades. The seeds are smaller than 1 mm in size. The edible root tastes of licorice.[6]
Senega nana resembles Senega lutea, which is a taller plant.[4] It also resembles the rare species P. smallii of Miami-Dade County, which has seeds longer than 1 mm.[6]
Senega nana is found across the south-eastern United States from far eastern Texas through Louisiana and Arkansas to Florida and north as far as the Carolinas.[7] Arkansas, where it is found in Ashley, Bradley and Calhoun Counties, marks the northwestern limits of its range.[8] [9] It grows in moist soil in meadows or coniferous woodlands.[3]
