Senate of Iraq explained

The Senate of Iraq (Majlis al-A`yan) was the unelected upper house of the bicameral parliament established by the Mandatory Iraq's 1925 constitution. There were around twenty Senators, appointed for eight years by the King of Iraq.^[1] The Senate remained in existence until the 1958 revolution.

Presidents of the Senate

Name	Took office	Left office	Notes
Yusuf al-Suwaydi	July 1925	2 November 1929	^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5]
Mohammad Al-Sadr	2 November 1929	February 1937	^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9]
Muhammed Ridha al-Shabibi	27 February 1937	August 1937	^[10] ^[11]
Mohammad Al-Sadr	December 1937	December 1943	^[12]
Jamil Al-Madfai	December 1943	December 1944	^[13] ^[14]
Salih Bashayan	?	?
Nuri Al-Said	July 1945	21 November 1946	^[15]
Mohammad Al-Sadr	June 1948	1948
Nuri Al-Said	1948	6 January 1949
Jamil Al-Madfai	? - 1952	January 1953	^[16]
Jamil Al-Madfai	September 1953	1957 - ?	^[17]
Abdul Hadi Chalabi	? - 1958	14 July 1958	^[18]

Members

Members of the Iraqi Senate included:

• Menahem Saleh Daniel. Appointed 1925, representing Iraqi Jews. Remained member until 1932, when he was succeeded by his son.^{[19] [20]}
• Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi. Appointed 1925, remained member until 1929.^[21]
• Mawlud Mukhlis. Appointed 1925. Appointed vice-president of the Senate in 1936, though resigned in 1937 when he was elected Baghdad deputy to Parliament. He later returned to the Senate.^[22]
• Muhammad al-Sadr. Appointed 1925, remaining until his death in 1956. President of the Senate from 1929 until 1944, with the exception of 1937.^[23]
• Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas. Appointed 1925, representing the Chaldean Catholic Church.^[24] Remained member until his death in 1947, when he was succeeded by Yousef VII Ghanima.
• Rustum Haydar, appointed 1931.^[25]
• Ezra Menachem Daniel (1874-1952). Appointed member 1932, replacing his father; remained on the Senate until his death in 1952.^[20]
• Abdul Hadi Chalabi, appointed 1947.
• Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, appointed 1948–9.^[26]
• Tawfiq Wahbi.^[27]
• Nureddin Mahmud, member from January 1953 to 1958.^[28]
• Sheikh Ahmad A.Yaseen AlAmer, appointed Mayor of Basra and Al Zubair province and Member of Parliament from 1945 - 1950|^[29]

See also

• Kingdom of Iraq
• Chamber of Deputies of Iraq

Notes and References

1. Book: Orit Bashkin. The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. 2008. Stanford University Press. 978-0-8047-7415-4. 285.
2. Web site: Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1925.. HathiTrust.
3. Web site: Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28.. HathiTrust.
4. Book: Lukitz, Liora. Iraq: The Search for National Identity. July 5, 2005. Routledge. Google Books. 9781135778217.
5. Web site: Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28.. HathiTrust.
6. Web site: Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1929.. HathiTrust.
7. Web site: Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1931.. HathiTrust.
8. Book: British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Eastern Affairs, April 1945-December 1945. January 5, 1997. University Publications of America. Google Books. 9781556556715.
9. Book: Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Beth. Dougherty. March 18, 2004. Scarecrow Press. Google Books. 9780810865686.
10. Web site: 'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30r] (59/96)]. September 10, 2018. Qatar Digital Library.
11. Web site: مجموعة ١٧/ ١٧ "تقارير سنوية لوزارة الخارجية، ١٩٣٢-١٩٣٨، ١٩٤٧. استعراض سنوي للأحداث ١٩٣٩-١٩٤٢. استعراض سياسي ١٩٤٣-١٩٤٤" [و٦٤] (٤٨٣/١٢٧)]. September 19, 2017. مكتبة قطر الرقمية.
12. Web site: 'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30v] (60/96)]. September 10, 2018. Qatar Digital Library.
13. A diplomatic history of modern Iraq.. Abid A.. Al-Marayati. January 5, 1961. New York. 2027/mdp.39015001694838.
14. Web site: The Petroleum Times. January 5, 1952. Petroleum Times. Google Books.
15. Web site: 'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [32v] (64/96)]. September 10, 2018. Qatar Digital Library.
16. Web site: The Middle East and North Africa. 1953.
17. Web site: The Middle East and North Africa. 1957.
18. Web site: Who's who in U.A.R and the Near East. Elwyn James. Blattner. James Elwyn. Blattner. January 5, 1958. Paul Barbey Press. Google Books.
19. Web site: Daniel, Menahem Salih | Encyclopedia.com. www.encyclopedia.com.
20. Book: T. Morad. D. Shasha. Iraq's Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon. 2008. Palgrave Macmillan US. 978-0-230-61623-3. 186.
21. Who's Who in Iraq, 1936, p. 587
22. Book: Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7942-3. 433.
23. Book: Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7942-3. 521.
24. Book: Kristian Girling. The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations. 2017. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-351-70674-2. 121.
25. Book: Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7942-3. 257.
26. Book: Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7942-3. 100.
27. Book: Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7942-3. 653.
28. Book: Beth K.. Dougherty. Edmund A.. Ghareeb. Historical Dictionary of Iraq. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7942-3. 406.
29. Mohammed (1990), p. 178