| Native Name: | Семиреченская область Semirechyenskaya oblast |
| Conventional Long Name: | Semirechyenskaya Oblast |
| Common Name: | Semirechyenskaya Oblast |
| Subdivision: | Oblast |
| Nation: | Russia |
| Capital: | Verniy |
| Year Start: | 1867 |
| Date Start: | 23 July |
| Year End: | 1924 |
| Date End: | 27 October |
| P1: | Oblast of the Siberian Kirghiz |
| Flag P1: | Flag of Russia.svg |
| P2: | Khanate of Kokand |
| Flag P2: | Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg |
| S1: | Turkestan ASSR |
| Flag S1: | Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg |
| Today: | Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan |
The Semirechyenskaya Oblast (Russian: Семиреченская область) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It corresponded approximately to most of present-day southeastern Kazakhstan and northeastern Kyrgyzstan. It was created out of the territories of the northern part of the Khanate of Kokand that had been part of the Kazakh Khanate. The name "Semirechye" ("Seven Rivers") itself is the direct Russian translation of the historical region of Jetysu. Its site of government was Verniy (now named Almaty).
The Russian government seized the Semirechyenskaya region in 1854[1] and created the province the same year. It was administered as part of Governor-Generalship of the Steppes (which was known as the Governor-Generalship of the Western Siberia before 1882) between 1854 and 1867 and again between 1882 and 1899, and part of Russian Turkistan between 1867 and 1882 and again between 1899 and 1917. Russian control of the region was recognized by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) between Russia and China.
On April 30, 1918 the region became part of the Turkestan ASSR. On October 27, 1924, as a result of the national-territorial reorganisation of Soviet Central Asia, the northern part of the region became part of the Kirgiz ASSR (already created in 1920 and renamed the Kazakh ASSR in 1925 and then established as the union-level Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic), while the southern part became the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (eventually the Kirghiz ASSR and SR) within the RSFSR.
It covered a region called Semiriche (southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan), the Chui Valley and the mountainous regions of Tien Shan.
It was found in the southeastern part of the Turkestan Governor-General. In the north it bordered the Semipalatinsk region, from the south and east - China (on the Bedel Pass to the southwest by the Tian Shan Range),and from the west the Fergana and Syr Darya oblasts. The oblast covered the territory of lakes Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, Ala-Kul.
As of 1897, the Semirechye Oblast was divided into 6 uyezds:
| Uyezd | Uyezd city (pop.) | Area, sq versta | Population[2] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verniy | Verniy (22,744) | 58330 | 223,883 | |
| Dzharkent | Dzharkent (16,094) | 5160 | 122,636 | |
| Kopal | Kopal (6,183) | 69100 | 136,421 | |
| Lepsinsk | Lepsinsk (3,230) | 87080 | 180,829 | |
| Pishpek | Pishpek (6,615) | 80480 | 176,577 | |
| Przhevalsk | Przhevalsk (8,108) | 47760 | 147,517 |
Its major outposts included Fort Ili (now Qonayev) at the head of navigation on the Ili River.
As of 1897, 987,863 people populated the oblast. Kazakhs and Kyrgyz (united as Kirgiz in estimation) constituted the majority of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Russians and Taranchi. Total Turkic speaking were 878,209 (88,9%).
| TOTAL | 987,863 | 100% |
|---|---|---|
| Kyrgyz | 794,815 | 80,5% |
| Russians | 76,839 | 7,8% |
| Taranchi | 55,999 | 6,2% |
| Sart | 14,895 | 1,5% |
| Chinese | 14.130 | 1,4% |