List of Sega arcade system boards explained

Sega is a video game developer, publisher, and hardware development company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with multiple offices around the world. The company's involvement in the arcade game industry began as a Japan-based distributor of coin-operated machines, including pinball games and jukeboxes.[1] [2] [3] Sega imported second-hand machines that required frequent maintenance. This necessitated the construction of replacement guns, flippers, and other parts for the machines. According to former Sega director Akira Nagai, this is what led to the company into developing their own games.[4]

Sega released Pong-Tron, its first video-based game, in 1973.[5] The company prospered from the arcade game boom of the late 1970s, with revenues climbing to over  million by 1979.[6] Nagai has stated that Hang-On and Out Run helped to pull the arcade game market out of the 1983 downturn and created new genres of video games.

In terms of arcades, Sega is the world's most prolific arcade game producer, having developed more than 500 games, 70 franchises, and 20 arcade system boards since 1981. It has been recognized by Guinness World Records for this achievement.[7] The following list comprises the various arcade system boards developed and used by Sega in their arcade games.

Arcade system boards

Before Lindbergh, Sega arcade hardware was either proprietary or built on gaming console architecture. Nowadays, arcade hardware closely resembles gaming PCs, with recent models even incorporating embedded versions of Microsoft Windows.

Arcade boardNotesNotable games and release years
Dual[8] [9]
  • Capable of both black-and-white and color display[10]
  • Capable of packaging two games in the same arcade cabinet
G80[11] [12]
  • Introduced arcade conversion kits where games could be changed in 15 minutes via a card cage housed in game cabinet with six PC boards; kits were sold as Convert-a-Game paks or ConvertaPaks[13]
  • Color display
  • Capable of raster and vector graphics[14]
  • Possessed the world's first color X-Y video system
  • Convert-a-Game released in 1981, making it the second interchangeable arcade system (after the DECO Cassette System)[15]
  • Inspired later interchangeable arcade systems such as the Nintendo VS. System.[16]
VCO Object
Laserdisc
System 1 / System 2
  • released in July 1983[33]
  • Not designed with console ports in mind, but some titles were ported to the Master System[34]
  • System 2's graphics unit served as the basis for the Master System's graphics chip[35]
Super Scaler
  • Initially known as "Sega Hang-On hardware"; was developed for Hang-On[40]
  • Refinement of VCO Object hardware
  • Featured two Motorola 68000 processors.
  • 16-bit hardware[41]
  • First board in the Super Scaler series
System E
  • Stripped-down version of Master System hardware
System 16 / System 18
OutRun
  • Based on the System 16[55]
  • Second generation Super Scaler board; able to use sprite scaling to simulate 3D using Super Scaler technology[56]
  • Designed because Yu Suzuki was unable to make Out Run on existing technology at the time[57]
X Board
  • Capable of displaying 256 sprites on screen at the same time
  • Capable of running at 60 frames per second[61]
System 24
  • Displayed in 496 x 384 resolution, larger than the 320 x 224 to which Sega designers were accustomed at the time[62]
  • Limited character RAM
  • Early games loaded onto a floppy disk and could be switched
Y Board
  • Fourth board in the Super Scaler series, and successor to the X Board
  • Added an extra CPU and memory, as well as upgraded video hardware compared to the X Board
  • Capable of performing real-time sprite rotation
Mega-Tech / Mega Play
  • Modified version of Mega Drive/Genesis hardware, designed to play multiple games
  • Mega-Tech capable of playing up to eight games
  • Mega Play capable of playing up to four games
  • Distributed in the United States by Belam[65]
System C
  • Also known as System 14[67]
  • Based on Mega Drive/Genesis hardware
System 32
  • Final board in the Super Scaler series[69]
  • Sega's first 32-bit system, and final major sprite-based board
  • Uses NEC V60 processor[70]
  • Research and development began in 1988[71]
Model 1
  • Sega's first video game system designed for 3D polygon graphics, developed internally at Sega between 1990 and 1991.[79] [80]
  • Uses the same NEC V60 processor as in the System 32
  • Contains a custom graphics unit, the CG Board, that can display 180,000 polygons per second and 6,500 polygons per frame[81]
  • Capable of displaying 60 frames per second
  • Board had a high cost during development[82]
  • Original concept was initially conceived around 1988,[83] and Sega began staff hiring for new system in 1989[84]
Model 2
  • Developed in collaboration with GE Aerospace.[87]
  • The first Sega board using Lockheed Martin technology, to produce texture-mapped 3D polygon graphics.
  • Sega and GE Aerospace began co-development of texture-mapping 3D arcade system in September 1992, originally intended for release in 1993.[88] [89]
  • Introduced the use of texture filtering and texture anti-aliasing[90]
  • Added Compu-Scene 3D graphics technology
  • Capable of displaying 300,000 textured polygons per second, at 60 frames per second.[91] [92]
  • Licensed to other developers[93]
  • Model 2 sold over 130,000 arcade systems by 1996.
Sega Titan-Video (ST-V)
  • Based on Sega Saturn architecture
  • Was Sega's low-end board during its lifespan, underpowered compared to the Model 2
  • Uses two Hitachi SH-2 CPU processors.[102]
Model 3
  • Developed in collaboration with Lockheed Martin[104]
  • First unveiled at the 1996 AOU (Amusement Machine Operators' Union) show[105]
  • Upon release, was the most powerful arcade system board in existence[106]
  • Released in multiple "steps" with improving specifications[107]
  • Model 2 and 3 sold more than 200,000 arcade systems combined by 2000.[108]
NAOMI
  • Released in 1998 at one-third the price of the Model 3[113]
  • Shared architecture with Dreamcast, but with additional main, graphics and sound memory (32, 16 and 8 megabytes respectively)[114] [115]
  • Uses Hitachi SH-4 CPU processor[116] and PowerVR graphics processor[117]
  • Uses ROM boards, with optional GD-ROM compatible CD-ROM drive.[118] If a drive is used, it will be used at bootup to copy data to a DIMM RAM board instead.[119]
  • Naomi multiboard can use 3 or 4 boards at the same time depending on the game[120] [121] [122] [123]
  • is a backronym for New Arcade Operation Machine Idea.[124] The name NAOMI was reportedly selected by Sega R&D head Hisashi Suzuki in honor of the British model Naomi Campbell.[125]
Hikaru
  • Custom modified version of NAOMI hardware[134]
  • Uses a custom Sega graphics chip and had more memory than the NAOMI
  • Capable of smooth Phong shading and particle effects.
  • Much more expensive than NAOMI
NAOMI 2
Triforce
  • Co-developed by Namco, Sega, and Nintendo[144]
  • Based on GameCube architecture. Supported GameCube memory cards.[145]
  • The idea for Triforce came from Namco and Sega. They saw potential in the GameCube architecture for a cost-effective and port-friendly arcade machine. Nintendo agreed to cooperate in building the Triforce board, but had little interest in developing arcade games of their own.[146]
Chihiro
SystemSP
Lindbergh
  • Uses a 3 GHz Pentium 4 CPU, 1 GB RAM and an Nvidia GPU[163]
  • LAN play capabilities, USB controller slots and DVD-ROM.
Europa-R
  • Runs at 60 frames per second and 720p video resolution[171]
RingEdge / RingWide / RingEdge 2
  • and RingEdge 2 utilize Pentium Dual-Core CPUs, and are the higher-end units[172]
  • RingWide uses a Celeron CPU
  • All three run Windows Embedded Standard 2009
Nu
ALLS
  • (2018)[188]
  • Virtua Fighter 5 Ultimate Showdown (2021)[189]

Additional arcade hardware

Sega has developed and released additional arcade games that use technology other than their dedicated arcade system boards. The first arcade game manufactured by Sega was Periscope, an electromechanical game. This was followed by Missile in 1969.[190] Subsequent video-based games such as Pong-Tron (1973), Fonz (1976), and Monaco GP (1979) used discrete logic boards without a CPU microprocessor.[191] Frogger (1981) used a system powered by two Z80 CPU microprocessors.[192] Some titles, such as Zaxxon (1982) were developed externally from Sega, a practice that was not uncommon at the time.[193]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Horowitz, Ken. The Sega Arcade Revolution, A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. 2018. 9781476631967. 3–6. refHorowitz2018.
  2. September 5, 1960. Sega and Utamatic Purchase Assets of Service Games. Billboard. 71. 0006-2510.
  3. September 3, 1960. Service Games Inc. Bought By Sega and Uta Matic. Cashbox. 21. 51. 52. 0008-7289.
  4. Book: Famitsu DC. Famitsu DC. Interview: Akira Nagai — SEGA REPRESENTATIVE. セガ・アーケード・ヒストリー (Sega Arcade History). Famitsu Books. Enterbrain. 15 February 2002. 20–23. ja. 9784757707900. (Translation by Shmuplations.).
  5. Horowitz 2018, pp. 14-16
  6. Horowitz 2018, pp. 21-23
  7. Web site: Most prolific producer of arcade machines . . . https://web.archive.org/web/20141225224058/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-prolific-producer-of-arcade-machines . live . December 25, 2014.
  8. Web site: The Arcade Flyer Archive - Video Game Flyers: Dual, Gremlin-Sega. flyers.arcade-museum.com.
  9. Web site: ヘッドオン. https://web.archive.org/web/20200105000245/https://sega-interactive.co.jp/product/9525/. dead. 2020-01-05. Sega Interactive.
  10. Horowitz 2018, p. 24-26
  11. Web site: The Arcade Flyer Archive - Video Game Flyers: Battle Star, Sega-Gremlin. flyers.arcade-museum.com.
  12. Web site: スペースオデッセイ. https://web.archive.org/web/20191224131201/https://sega-interactive.co.jp/product/9473/. dead. 2019-12-24. Sega Interactive.
  13. July 4, 1981. Sega/Gremlin Introduces 'Convert-A-Game' At Annual Distributor Meeting In La Costa. Cashbox. 41–42.
  14. Horowitz 2018, pp. 31-35
  15. Adlum . Eddie . The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum . RePlay . November 1985 . 11 . 2 . 134-175 (160-3) .
  16. The Replay Years: Video Systems . RePlay . November 1985 . 11 . 2 . 128, 130 .
  17. Horowitz 2018, pp. 43-46
  18. Horowitz 2018, pp. 65-69
  19. Horowitz 2018, pp. 56-58
  20. Horowitz 2018, pp. 52-54
  21. Overseas Readers Column: Sega's Astron Belt Will Be Shipped Soon. Game Machine. 211. Amusement Press, Inc.. 1 May 1983. 30.
  22. Horowitz 2018, pp. 71-74
  23. Adlum . Eddie . The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum . RePlay . November 1985 . 11 . 2 . 134-175 (168-70) .
  24. Horowitz 2018, pp. 120, 131
  25. "Somber" JAMMA Show Hosts Five Laser Disc Games . . October 15, 1983 . 32, 34 .
  26. Best Hit Games 25. Game Machine. 251. Amusement Press, Inc.. 1 January 1985. 37. ja.
  27. wadai masin. Game Machine. 251. Amusement Press, Inc.. 3 March 1984. 25. ja.
  28. Horowitz 2018, pp. 184-187
  29. Overseas Readers Column: Sega Develops Movie Simulator "AS-1" . . 419 . . 1 February 1992 . 26 . ja .
  30. Sega's Wild Ride . 4 September 2021 . . April 1993.
  31. Book: Horowitz . Ken . Playing at the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games . 21 October 2016 . . 978-0-7864-9994-6 . 122 .
  32. News: Williams . Leah J. . New Reports Have Everyone Fired Up For A Sega World Return . 4 September 2021 . . 2 June 2021 . en-AU.
  33. Web site: SC-3000. sega.jp. Sega. ja. January 14, 2020.
  34. Horowitz 2018, pp. 81-84
  35. Book: Sato. Hideki. Interview: The Witness of History. Famitsu DC. Famitsu DC. 15 February 2002. セガ・コンシューマー・ヒストリー (Sega Consumer History). Enterbrain. 978-4-75770789-4. Famitsu Books. 22–25. ja. (Translation by Shmuplations.).
  36. Horowitz 2018, p. 77, 91
  37. Horowitz 2018, pp. 108-109
  38. Horowitz 2018, pp. 106-108
  39. Horowitz 2018, pp.124-125
  40. Horowitz 2018, pp. 92-97
  41. Horowitz 2018, pp. 100-102
  42. Horowitz 2018, pp. 102-106
  43. Web site: IGN Presents the History of SEGA - IGN - Page 3. Fahs. Travis. April 21, 2009. IGN. August 8, 2016.
  44. Web site: Sega's Original Hardware Developer Talks About The Company's Past Consoles. Sato. September 18, 2013. Siliconera. Curse LLC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230217/http://www.siliconera.com/2013/09/18/segas-original-hardware-developer-talks-about-the-companys-past-consoles/. December 2, 2013. November 23, 2013.
  45. Sczepaniak. John. August 2006. Retroinspection: Mega Drive. Retro Gamer. Imagine Publishing. 27. 42–47. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100219/http://www.sega-16.com/2006/09/retroinspection-mega-drive/. September 24, 2015. live. Sega-16.
  46. Horowitz 2018, p. 114
  47. Horowitz 2018, pp. 126-127
  48. Horowitz 2018, pp. 132-134
  49. Horowitz 2018, p. 148
  50. Horowitz 2018, pp. 174-177
  51. Web site: Video Game Flyers: Shadow Dancer, Sega (Japan) . The Arcade Flyer Archive . 19 September 2021.
  52. Leadership: Sega USA does it again with 'Line of Fire' and some hot kits . RePlay . January 1990 . 15 . 4 . 23–6 .
  53. Horowitz 2018, p. 171
  54. The One. No. 36. emap Images. September 1991. p. 96.
  55. Web site: OutRun. Grazza. Brian. October 5, 2017. Hardcore Gaming 101. Kurt Kalata. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171014095055/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/outrun/. October 14, 2017. mdy-all.
  56. Horowitz 2018, pp. 112-114
  57. Web site: The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki, Part 1. Mielke. James. 2012. 1Up.com. Ziff Davis. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113174154/http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1?pager.offset=2. November 13, 2013. January 22, 2019.
  58. Horowitz 2018, pp. 118-119
  59. Web site: Sega-16.com: History of The OutRun series . 2009-04-24 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100114190919/http://sega-16.com/feature_page.php?id=229&title=History%20of%3A%20The%20OutRun%20Series . 2010-01-14 .
  60. Web site: Turbo Out Run. The Arcade Flyer Archive.
  61. Horowitz 2018, pp. 144-145
  62. Horowitz 2018, pp. 141-144
  63. Horowitz 2018, p. 173
  64. Horowitz 2018, pp. 137-140
  65. ACME: New Product Review . RePlay . April 1990 . 15 . 7 . 50–60 .
  66. Horowitz 2018, pp. 151-152
  67. Horowitz 2018, pp. 165-168
  68. ACME: New Product Review . RePlay . April 1990 . 15 . 7 . 50–80 .
  69. Horowitz 2018, p. 182
  70. Horowitz 2018, pp. 187-190
  71. Overseas Readers Column: Sega's R & D Shows "System 32" Board. Game Machine. Amusement Press, Inc.. 388. 15 September 1990. 22. ja.
  72. Web site: Rad Mobile (Registration Number PA0000606075) . . 5 July 2021.
  73. Web site: F1 Exhaust Note - Videogame by Sega . . 10 September 2021.
  74. Web site: Golden Axe: The Revenge of Death Adder . Killer List of Video Games . The International Arcade Museum . 18 Dec 2013.
  75. Horowitz 2018, pp. 190-193
  76. Book: Sega Arcade History. Enterbrain. 123. ja.
  77. Horowitz 2018, pp. 193-197
  78. Horowitz 2018, pp.229-233
  79. Web site: Sega Enterprises Ltd. . https://web.archive.org/web/19970102114017/http://www.real3d.com/sega.html . . . 1996 . dead . 1997-01-02 . 19 April 2021.
  80. Web site: Second Hand Smoke - One up, two down . . . 19 April 2021 . 1999-10-22.
  81. Sega's Riding High: big sales for 'Virtua Racing' signal new era for Sega & the biz; Tom Petit & Ken Anderson explain how hi-tech is remaking coin-op . RePlay . January 1993 . 18 . 4 . 75–83 .
  82. Horowitz 2018, pp. 198-204
  83. Sega's Riding High: big sales for 'Virtua Racing' signal new era for Sega & the biz; Tom Petit & Ken Anderson explain how hi-tech is remaking coin-op . RePlay . January 1993 . 18 . 4 . 75–83 .
  84. Pedal To The Metal: Sega Set To Speed, Swing, Sidekick Into The 1990s With New Fall Line . . August 1989 . 29 . 10 . 52–5 .
  85. Web site: Star Wars Aracde. The Arcade Flyer Archive. 21 May 2021.
  86. Horowitz 2018, p. 180
  87. November 1995. US defense corp. holds key to Sega's plans. Next Generation. 12–14. November 14, 2020.
  88. Overseas Readers Column: Sega, GE Tie-Up On CG Technology . . 438 . . 1-15 November 1992 . 30 . ja .
  89. News Digest: Future Sega Simulators to Use Super Hi-Tech From GE . RePlay . December 1992 . 18 . 3 . 30 .
  90. Web site: IGN Presents the History of SEGA - IGN - Page 8. Fahs. Travis. April 21, 2009. IGN. August 8, 2016.
  91. Horowitz 2018, pp. 203-206
  92. Horowitz 2018, pp. 206-210
  93. Webb. Marcus. June 1996. Sega Model 2 Technology Licensed to Data East, Jaleco, and Tecmo. Next Generation. Imagine Media. 18. 26.
  94. Horowitz 2018, pp. 204-206
  95. Horowitz 2018, p. 212
  96. Horowitz 2018, p. 215
  97. Horowitz 2018, pp. 217-220
  98. Horowitz 2018, p. 220
  99. Web site: セガ、PS3/Xbox 360「MODEL2 COLLECTION」. November 16, 2012. Game Watch. Japanese. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809000305/https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/573536.html. August 9, 2017. March 7, 2019. mdy-all.
  100. April 1997. AOU. Electronic Gaming Monthly. Ziff Davis. 93. 79.
  101. Horowitz 2018, pp. 222-226
  102. Overseas Reader Column: Sega Introduces "Titan" Coin-Op System Board. Game Machine. 471. Amusement Press, Inc.. 1 May 1994. 26.
  103. December 1995. Virtua Fighter Remix. Next Generation. Imagine Media. 12. 209.
  104. November 1995. US defense corp. holds key to Sega's plans. Next Generation. 11. 12–14.
  105. May 1996. Model 3: Sega Affirms Arcade Supremacy. Next Generation. Imagine Media. 17. 12–18.
  106. May 1996. News: Virtua Fighter 3. Computer and Video Games. 174. 10–1.
  107. Horowitz 2018, pp. 233-237
  108. Lenoir . Tim . All but War Is Simulation: The Military-Entertainment Complex . . 2000 . 8 . 3 . 289–335 (317) . 10.1353/con.2000.0022 .
  109. October 1996. NG Alphas: Virtua Fighter 3. Next Generation. Imagine Media. 22. 108.
  110. Web site: Sega Model 3 Pinout Class . . 19 April 2021.
  111. Horowitz 2018, pp. 237-240
  112. Web site: Star Wars Trilogy Aracde. The Arcade Flyer Archive. 21 May 2021.
  113. Web site: How Naomi Got Its Groove On. Ohbuchi. Yutaka. September 17, 1998. GameSpot. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171224213728/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/how-naomi-got-its-groove-on/1100-2464869/. December 24, 2017. December 9, 2014. mdy-all.
  114. Web site: IGN Presents the History of Dreamcast. Fahs. Travis. September 9, 2010. IGN. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140928201508/http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/09/10/ign-presents-the-history-of-dreamcast. September 28, 2014. October 31, 2014.
  115. Hagiwara. Shiro. Oliver. Ian. November–December 1999. Sega Dreamcast: Creating a Unified Entertainment World. IEEE Micro. 19. 29–35. 10.1109/40.809375. 6.
  116. News: NAOMI: New Arcade Board System . 15 October 2021 . . 1998.
  117. January 1999. NEC and VideoLogic Power Up. Edge. 11.
  118. Sega Naomi service manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD. MANUAL NO. 420-6455-01, p. 7
  119. Sega Naomi GD-ROM system service manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC. USA. MANUAL NO. 420-6620-02, p. 12, 16, 22 Naomi in this configuration has no ROM board to run a game from
  120. Sega Strike Fighter DX (9/1 ver) DGM-0095 schematic. Sega enterprises ltd. (Mentions Naomi slave, Naomi master and game boards)
  121. Sega Strike Fighter DX type Owner's manual, SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC. USA. MANUAL NO. 420-6589-01 mentions Naomi boards, Naomi multi master and Naomi multi slave, and a game BD on p. 128, and a photo with a 3 board design (each with two white edge connectors on the same side, not including a ROM board on top, nor a midplane) on p. 89.
  122. Airline Pilots DX Type Owner's manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD. MANUAL NO. 420-6471-01 uses the same 3 board design on p. 72. Mentions a Naomi board on p.10.
  123. Sega F355 challenge Owner's manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC. USA. MANUAL NO. 4201-6507-01 shows 4 boards on p. 72, each with two white edge connectors and "Naomi board" on p. 10 and "NAOMI MULTI MASTER" and "NAOMI MULTI SLAVE" on p.137. Web site: F355 Challenge. The Arcade Flyer Archive. mentions 4 Naomi systems.
  124. Web site: McFerran. Damien. April 16, 2015. Hardware Classics: Sega Dreamcast. July 11, 2011. Nintendo Life.
  125. Book: Horowitz . Ken . The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games . 22 June 2018 . . 978-1-4766-7225-0 . 210 .
  126. Web site: House Of The Dead 2 . . 19 April 2021.
  127. Horowitz 2018, pp. 240-242
  128. Web site: Sega Naomi Original Pinout Class . . 19 April 2021.
  129. Web site: DERBY OWNERS CLUB（ダービーオーナーズクラブ） – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  130. Web site: F355 Challenge. The Arcade Flyer Archive.
  131. Web site: Sega is becoming its weird and wonderful self again. Souppouris. Aaron. August 23, 2019. Engadget. January 16, 2019.
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  134. Horowitz 2018, pp. 242-244
  135. Web site: AIR TRIX（エアトリックス） – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  136. Book: NASCAR Arcade Deluxe Edition Owner's Manual. Sega. 2000. 33.
  137. Web site: ワイルドライダーズ – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
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  139. December 2000. NAOMI 2: Sega reveals its next gen arcade hardware. DC-UK. 16. 41.
  140. News: Sega Announces NAOMI2 Next Generation Arcade Systems Using Imagination Technologies' PowerVR Graphics Architecture . 19 April 2021 . . 11 January 2001.
  141. Web site: Virtua Fighter 4 - First Impressions Part 1 (Arcade). Chau. Anthony. July 3, 2001. IGN. March 11, 2016.
  142. Web site: Initial D - Arcade Stage. The Arcade Flyer Archive. 21 May 2021.
  143. Web site: ソウルサーファー – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  144. Web site: GameCube Arcade Hardware Revealed. February 18, 2002. IGN. March 5, 2013.
  145. Web site: Mirabella III. Fran. 2003-07-16. Inside F-Zero AX. 2013-06-14. IGN.
  146. Web site: IGN Staff. 2002-02-28. Nintendo Roundtable. 2021-07-07. IGN.
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  149. Web site: Mario Kart Arcade GP. The Arcade Flyer Database. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190325035620/https://flyers.arcade-museum.com/?page=flyer&db=videodb&id=4706&image=1. March 25, 2019. May 6, 2021.
  150. Web site: バーチャストライカー4 – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  151. Web site: Sega Arcade Hardware Confirmed As PowerVR-Based. Jenkins. David. July 20, 2005. Gamasutra. January 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20120513163600/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/96936/Sega_Arcade_Hardware_Confirmed_As_PowerVRBased.php. 2012-05-13.
  152. Web site: JAMMA 2002: House of the Dead 3. Gamespot. Ricardo. Torres. September 19, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20160522090030/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/jamma-2002-house-of-the-dead-3/1100-2880808/. 2016-05-22. live. 10 December 2021.
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  156. Namco. (n.d.). Maximum Tune Operators Manual. Namco UK. Retrieved March 15, 2024, from https://www.progettosnaps.net/manuals/pdf/wangmid.pdf.

    Page 101 clearly shows the Main Sega Chihiro unit.

  157. Web site: セガネットワーク対戦麻雀MJ3 – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
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  159. Namco UK. (n.d.). Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune 2 Operators Manual. Namco UK. Retrieved March 15, 2024, from https://www.progettosnaps.net/manuals/pdf/wangmid2j.pdf.

    Page 105 clearly shows the Chihiro system, as well as referring to it as "Chihiro Game PC Board Assy"

  160. Book: "Dinosaur King" owner's manual. Sega. 36.
  161. Web site: オシャレ魔女 ラブ and ベリー – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
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  164. Web site: Initial D4. PrimeTime Amusements. 21 May 2021.
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  170. Web site: SEGA-RaceTV – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  171. Web site: Take A Look At Sega Rally 3. Plunkett. Luke. May 27, 2008. Kotaku. January 15, 2020.
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  173. Web site: Initial D Arcade Stage 7 AA X Races To Arcades This Thursday. November 28, 2012. Siliconera. January 15, 2020.
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  175. Web site: Let's GO ISLAND 3D（レッツ ゴー アイランド 3D） – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  176. Web site: Chaos Code coming to North America on PSN. August 14, 2013. Polygon. January 15, 2020.
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  179. Web site: Weirdness: Sega's Repackaged Transformers Arcade Game Is An Unexpected Nod To Its Glorious Past. McFerran. Damien. July 21, 2015. Nintendo Life. January 15, 2020.
  180. Web site: コード・オブ・ジョーカー（CODE OF JOKER) – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  181. Web site: Sega announces next-generation arcade game board "Nu". The first adoption title is "Hatsune Miku Project DIVA Arcade Future Tone". September 4, 2013. 4gamer.net. ja. January 16, 2020.
  182. Web site: え～でる すなば ふしぎなすなあそび – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  183. Web site: Wonderland Wars – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
  184. Web site: CHUNITHM – 株式会社セガ . 2023-12-28 . セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー｜株式会社セガ . ja.
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  189. Web site: Virtua Fighter 5 Ultimate Showdown. Giant Bomb. June 1, 2021.
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  191. Horowitz 2018, pp. 16, 28, 56
  192. Horowitz 2018, pp. 36-39
  193. Horowitz 2018, pp. 48-50

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of Sega arcade system boards".

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