The Archbishop of Cashel (Irish: Ard-Easpag Chaiseal Mumhan) was an archiepiscopal title which took its name after the town of Cashel, County Tipperary in Ireland. Following the Reformation, there had been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also held the title of Bishop of Emly. In the Catholic Church, it was superseded by the role of Archbishop of Cashel and Emly when the two dioceses were united in 2015 and in the Church of Ireland the title was downgraded to a bishopric in 1838.
In 1118, the metropolitan archbishoprics of Armagh and Cashel were established at the Synod of Ráth Breasail. The archbishop of Cashel had metropolitan jurisdiction over the southern half of Ireland, known as Leth Moga. At the Synod of Kells in 1152, the metropolitan see of Cashel lost territory on the creation of the metropolitan archbishoprics of Dublin and Tuam.[1] The pre-Reformation archbishops' episcopal seat was located at the Rock of Cashel, the traditional royal seat of the kings of Munster.
Following the Reformation, two parallel episcopal successions ensued: one of the Church of Ireland and the other of the Catholic Church.
In the Church of Ireland, the bishopric of Emly was united to the archbishopric of Cashel by an act of the Parliament of Ireland in 1568.[2] Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), the bishopric of Waterford and Lismore was united to the archbishopric of Cashel and Emly on 14 August 1833. On the death of Archbishop Laurence in 1838, the archepiscopal see lost its metropolitan status and became the bishopric of Cashel and Waterford in the Church of Ireland Province of Dublin. Through reorganisation in the Church of Ireland in 1976, the bishopric of Emly was transferred to the bishopric of Limerick and Killaloe; the remainder was united with other sees to become the bishopric of Cashel and Ossory.
In the Catholic Church, the archepiscopal see of Cashel had an unsettled history between the 1560s and the late 17th century. While some archbishops were appointed, there were periods when the see was vacant or administered by vicars apostolic. From the 18th century onwards, a relaxation in the Penal Laws permitted a consistent succession of archbishops. Since 10 May 1718, the archbishops of Cashel have also been bishops of Emly when the two titles were united.[3] [4]
On 22 November 2014, Pope Francis accepted the resignation of the Most Reverend Dermot Clifford from the pastoral government of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly, in accordance with 1983 Code of Canon Law on age grounds. On the same day, the Most Reverend Kieran O'Reilly, Bishop of Killaloe, was appointed to be the next Metropolitan Archbishop of Cashel and apostolic administrator of Emly. On 26 January 2015, the sees of Cashel and Emly were united to form the new metropolitan see of Cashel and Emly, and O'Reilly was appointed its first metropolitan archbishop.[5]
| Pre-Reformation Archbishops of Cashel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes |
| 1111 | unknown | Máel Ísu Ua hAinmere, O.S.B. | Known in Latin as Malchus. Translated from Waterford. Appointed archbishop at the Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111, but appears to have resigned the position shortly afterwards and returned to Waterford. Died in 1135. |
| unknown | 1131 | Máel Ísu Ua Fogluda | Known in Latin as Mauricius. Died in office. |
| 1131 | 1137 | Domnall Ua Conaing | Anglicised as Donat O'Conaing. Translated from Killaloe in 1131. Died in office. |
| 1137/38 | 1158 | Domnall Ua Lonngargáin | Anglicised as Donat O'Lonargan. Translated from Killaloe in 1137 or 1138. Received the pallium from Giovanni Paparoni at the Synod of Kells in 1152. Died in office. |
| bef. 1172 | 1182 | Domnall Ua hUallacháin | Known in Latin as Donatus. Became archbishop before 1172. Died in office. |
| bef. 1186 | 1206 | Muirges Ua hÉnna, O.Cist. | Known in Latin as Matthaeus, Mauricius, or Anglicised as Matthew O'Heney. Died in office at Holy Cross Abbey. |
| 1208 | 1216 | Donnchad Ua Lonngargáin I | Known in Latin as Donatus and Dionysius. Died in office before July 1216 while at Rome or Cîteaux Abbey. |
| 1216 | 1223 | Donnchad Ua Lonngargáin II, O.Cist. | Known in Latin as Donatus. Consecrated before July 1216. Resigned before August 1223 and died in 1232. |
| 1223 | (Michael Scotus) | Appointed in 1223, but never consecrated. Resigned in 1223 and died in 1235. | |
| 1223 | 1237 | Mairín Ó Briain, O.S.A. | Known in Latin as Marianus. Elected archbishop after 19 August 1224 and formally translated from Cork on 20 June 1224. Received the temporalities on 25 August 1224 and again on 20 January 1225. Resigned on 6 June 1237 and died at Inislounaght Abbey in 1238. |
| 1238 | 1253 | David mac Cellaig, O.P. | Also recorded as David MacKelly or O'Kelly. Translated from Cloyne before December 1238 and confirmed in 1239. Died in office on 4 April 1253. |
| 1254 | 1289 | David Mac Cerbaill, O. Cist. | Also recorded as David Mac Carwill or MacCarwell. Previously dean of Cashel. Elected before 17 August 1254 and appointed on that date. Received the temporalities on 19 February 1255. Died in office before 4 September 1289. |
| 1290 | 1302 | Stiamna Ó Brácáin | Anglicised as Stephen O'Brogan. Previously archdeacon of Glendalough (1288–1290). Elected before 31 January 1290 and appointed on 21 August 1290. Died in office on 25 July 1302. |
| 1303 | 1316 | Mauricius Mac Cerbaill | Anglicised as Maurice Mac Carwell or Mac Cerwill. Previously Dean of Cashel. Elected before 17 May 1303. Took the oath of fealty to King Edward I on 24 May 1303. Appointed on 17 November 1303 and received the temporalities on 28 July 1304. Died in office circa 25 March 1316. |
| 1317 | 1326 | William FitzJohn | Translated from Ossory on 26 March 1317. Died in office on 15 September 1326. |
| 1327 | 1329 | Seoán Mac Cerbaill | Anglicised as John MacCarwill. Translated from Meath on 19 January 1327. Took the oath of fealty to King Edward III on 26 September 1327. Died in office circa 27 July 1329. |
| 1329 | 1331 | Walter le Rede | Translated from Cork on 20 October 1329. Died in office on 17 June 1331. |
| 1332 | 1345 | Eóin Ó Grada | Previously treasurer of Cashel. Appointed on 27 March 1332. Died in office on 8 July 1345. |
| 1346 | 1361 | Radulphus Ó Ceallaigh, O.Carm. | Also surnamed Ó Caollaidhe. Translated from Leighlin on 9 January 1346. Acted as a suffragan bishop in the English Diocese of Winchester in 1346. Died in office on 20 November 1361. |
| 1362 | George Roche | Also known as George de Rupe. Appointed before 12 September 1362, but doubtful whether in full possession of the see, or even consecrated. Drowned, probably on his return from Rome, in late 1362. | |
| 1362 | 1365 | See vacant | |
| 1365 | 1372 | Tomás MacCearbhaill | Anglicised as Thomas MacCarwill. Translated from Tuam before 8 March 1365. Died in office on 8 February 1372. |
| 1373 | 1380 | Philip of Torrington, O.F.M. | Appointed on 5 September 1373 and received the temporalities on 19 December 1373. Died in office in 1380. |
| 1382 | 1387 | Michael, O.F.M. | Appointed by Antipope Clement VII on 22 October 1382. Translated to the bishopric of the Isles in Scotland on 15 July 1387. |
| 1385 | 1405 | Peter Hackett | Previously archdeacon of Cashel. Appointed by Pope Urban VI, but date is unknown. Received the temporalities on 28 October 1385. Died in office circa 1405. |
| 1406 | 1440 | Richard O'Hedian | Previously archdeacon of Cashel. Appointed before 6 April 1406 and consecrated before 17 June 1406. Died in office on 21 July 1440. |
| 1440 | 1451/52 | John Cantwell I | Previously archdeacon of Ossory. Elected before 21 November 1440 and appointed on that date. Consecrated before 28 March 1442. Died in office on 14 February 1451 or 1452. |
| 1452 | 1484 | John Cantwell II | Previously dean of Cashel. Appointed on 2 May and consecrated after 2 May 1452. Died in office before May 1484. |
| 1484 | 1503 | David Creagh | Appointed on 10 May and consecrated in Rome on 14 June 1484. Died in office on 5 September 1503. |
| 1504 | 1524 | Maurice FitzGerald | Became archbishop circa 1504. Held provincial synods in 1511 and 1514. Died in office before October 1524. |
| 1524 | 1551 | Edmund Butler, O.Trin. | Prior of Athassel. Appointed archbishop on 21 October 1524, with permission to retain the priory of Athassel. Consecrated in 1527. Surrendered the priory to the crown and accepted royal supremacy. Died in office on 5 March 1551. |
| 1551 | 1553 | See vacant | |
| 1553 | 1561 | Roland Baron Fitzgerald | Also surnamed Fitzgerald. Appointed by Queen Mary I on 14 October 1553 and consecrated in December 1553, however, he does not seem to have been confirmed by Pope Julius III. In a letter of 12 October 1561, the papal legate Fr David Wolfe SJ described all the bishops in Munster as 'adherents of the Queen'.[6] Died in office on 28 October 1561. |
| 1561 | 1567 | See vacant | |
| Sources:[7] [8] [9] [10] | |||
| Church of Ireland Archbishops of Cashel and Bishops of Emly | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes |
| 1567 | 1570 | James MacCawell | Nominated on 12 February and appointed by letters patent on 2 October 1567. Also became Bishop of Emly when the title united to Cashel in 1568. Died in office in 1570. |
| 1571 | 1622 | Miler Magrath | Translated from Clogher. Appointed on 3 February 1571. Also held in commendam the bishoprics of Waterford and Lismore (1582–1589 and 1592–1607), Killala (1613–22), and Achonry (1613–22). Died in office on 14 November 1622.[11] |
| 1623 | 1629 | Malcolm Hamilton | Nominated on 8 March and consecrated on 29 June 1623. Died in office on 25 April 1629 |
| 1629 | 1659 | Archibald Hamilton | Translated from Killala and Achonry. Nominated on 14 November 1629 and appointed by letters patent on 20 April 1630. Died in office at Stockholm, Sweden in 1659. |
| 1660 | 1667 | Thomas Fulwar | Translated from Ardfert and Aghadoe. Nominated on 2 August 1660 and appointed by letters patent on 1 February 1661. Died in office on 31 March 1667. |
| 1667 | 1685 | Thomas Price | Translated from Kildare. Nominated on 20 April and appointed by letters patent on 30 March 1667. Died in office on 4 August 1685. |
| 1690 | 1694 | Narcissus Marsh | Translated from Ferns and Leighlin. Nominated on 25 December 1690 and appointed by letters patent on 26 February 1691. Translated to Dublin on 24 May 1694. |
| 1694 | 1727 | William Palliser | Translated from Cloyne. Nominated on 10 April and appointed by letters patent on 26 June 1694. Died in office on 1 January 1727.[12] |
| 1727 | William Nicolson | Translated from Derry. Nominated on 10 January and appointed by letters patent on 28 January 1727. Died in office on 14 February 1727. | |
| 1727 | 1729 | Timothy Godwin | Translated from Kilmore and Ardagh. Nominated on 20 June and appointed by letters patent on 3 July 1727. Died in office on 13 December 1729.[13] |
| 1729 | 1744 | Theophilus Bolton | Translated from Elphin. Nominated on 26 December 1729 and appointed by letters patent on 6 January 1730. Died in office on 31 January 1744.[14] |
| 1744 | 1752 | Arthur Price | Translated from Meath. Nominated on 20 April and appointed by letters patent on 7 May 1744. Died in office on 17 July 1752. |
| 1752 | 1753 | John Whitcombe | Translated from Down and Connor. Nominated on 12 August and appointed by letters patent on 1 September 1752. Died in office on 22 September 1753. |
| 1754 | 1779 | Michael Cox | Translated from Ossory. Nominated on 3 January and appointed by letters patent on 22 January 1754. Died in office on 28 May 1779. |
| 1779 | 1801 | Charles Agar | Translated from Cloyne. Nominated on 26 July and appointed by letters patent on 6 August 1779. Translated to Dublin on 7 December 1801. |
| 1801 | 1822 | Charles Brodrick | Translated from Kilmore. Nominated on 21 November and appointed by letters patent on 9 December 1801. Died in office on 6 May 1822. |
| 1822 | 1838 | Richard Laurence | Nominated on 28 June and consecrated on 21 July 1822. Died in office on 28 December 1838. |
| 1838 | 1976 | See part of the Anglican bishopric of Cashel and Waterford | |
| since 1976 | See part of the Anglican bishopric of Cashel and Ossory | ||
| Sources:[15] [16] [17] | |||
| Catholic Archbishops of Cashel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes |
| 1567 | 1578 | Maurice MacGibbon, O.Cist. | Appointed on 4 June 1567. Died in office. |
| 1578 | 1581 | See vacant | |
| 1581 | 1584 | Bl. Dermot O'Hurley | Known in Irish as Diarmaid Ó hUrthuile. Appointed on 11 September 1581. Died in office on 19 June 1584. (Beatified 27 Sep 1992.) |
| 1584 | 1603 | See vacant | |
| 1603 | 1624 | David Kearney | Appointed on 21 May and consecrated on 31 August 1603. Died in office on 14 August 1624. |
| 1624 | 1626 | See vacant | |
| 1626 | 1654 | Thomas Walsh | Appointed on 27 April and consecrated on 8 July 1626. Died in office on 5 May 1654. |
| 1657 | 1666 | (John de Burgo) | Appointed vicar apostolic of Cashel by papal brief on 17 April 1657. Translated as vicar apostolic of Killaloe in 1666. |
| 1665 | unknown | (Gerard Fitzgerald) | Appointed vicar apostolic of Cashel by papal brief on 24 November 1665. |
| 1669 | 1674 | William Burgat | Formerly vicar apostolic of Emly. Appointed archbishop on 11 January 1669, but continued as administrator of Emly. Consecrated in France before 12 October 1669. Died in office. |
| 1674 | 1677 | See vacant | |
| 1677 | 1693 | John Brenan | Translated from Waterford and Lismore. Appointed archbishop on 8 March 1677, but continued as administrator of Waterford and Lismore, along with Emly. Died in office. |
| 1693 | 1695 | See vacant | |
| 1695 | 1710 | Edward Comerford | Appointed archbishop on 14 November 1695, and administrator of Emly and Kilfenora. Died in office on 21 February 1710. |
| 1711 | 1718 | Christopher Butler | Appointed on 1 September 1711 and consecrated on 18 October 1712. Also, administrator of Emly and Ross. |
| Catholic Archbishops of Cashel and Bishops of Emly | |||
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes |
| 1718 | 1757 | Christopher Butler | Became Bishop of Emly when the title united to Cashel on 10 May 1718. Died in office on 4 September 1757. |
| 1757 | 1774 | James Butler I | |
| 1774 | 1791 | James Butler II | Appointed coadjutor archbishop on 15 March and consecrated on 4 July 1773. Succeeded as metropolitan archbishop on 17 May 1774. Died in office on 29 July 1791. |
| 1792 | 1820 | Thomas Bray | Appointed on 20 July and consecrated on 14 October 1792. Died in office on 15 December 1820. |
| 1820 | 1821 | Patrick Everard | Appointed coadjutor archbishop on 29 September 1814. Succeeded as metropolitan archbishop on 15 December 1820. Died in office on 31 March 1821. |
| 1821 | 1823 | See vacant | |
| 1823 | 1833 | Robert Laffan | Appointed and approved on 17 February, papal decree dated 1 March, and papal brief dated 18 March 1823. Died in office in 1833. |
| 1833 | 1857 | Michael Slattery | Elected on 26 November, approved on 5 December, papal decree dated 7 December, papal brief dated 22 December 1833, and consecrated on 24 February 1834. Died in office on 4 February 1857. |
| 1857 | 1875 | Patrick Leahy | Elected on 27 April, approved on 3 May, papal decree dated 5 May, and consecrated on 29 June 1857. Died in office on 26 January 1875. |
| 1875 | 1902 | Thomas Croke | Translated from Auckland, N.Z. Appointed on 22 June, approved on 24 June, and received the pallium on 5 July 1875. Died in office on 22 July 1902. |
| 1901 | 1913 | Thomas Fennelly | Appointed coadjutor archbishop on 9 June 1901. Succeeded as metropolitan archbishop on 27 July 1902. Resigned on 7 March 1913 and died on 24 December 1927. |
| 1913 | 1946 | John Harty | Appointed on 4 December 1913 and consecrated on 18 January 1914. Died in office on 11 September 1946. |
| 1942 | 1959 | Jeremiah Kinane | Translated from Waterford and Lismore. Appointed coadjutor archbishop on 4 February 1942. Succeeded as metropolitan archbishop on 11 September 1946. Died in office on 18 February 1959. |
| 1959 | 1988 | Thomas Morris | Appointed on 24 December 1959 and consecrated on 28 February 1960. Resigned 12 September 1988 and died on 16 January 1997. |
| 1988 | 2014 | Dermot Clifford | Appointed coadjutor archbishop on 17 December 1985 and consecrated on 9 March 1986. Succeeded as metropolitan archbishop on 12 September 1988. Retired in accordance with Canon Law on age grounds on 22 November 2014. |
| Catholic Archbishops of Cashel and Emly | |||
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes |
| 2014 | present | Kieran O'Reilly SMA | Previously Bishop of Killaloe. Although he was appointed on 22 November 2014 to be metropolitan archbishop of Cashel,[18] [19] the merging of two diocese meant that he instead received the title metropolitan archbishop of Cashel and Emly upon his installation on 26 January 2015. |
| Sources:[20] [21] [22] [23] | |||