A security operations center (SOC) is responsible for protecting an organization against cyber threats. SOC analysts perform round-the-clock monitoring of an organization’s network and investigate any potential security incidents. If a cyberattack is detected, the SOC analysts are responsible for taking any steps necessary to remediate it. It comprises the three building blocks for managing and enhancing an organization's security posture: people, processes, and technology. Thereby, governance and compliance provide a framework, tying together these building blocks.[1] A SOC within a building or facility is a central location from which staff supervises the site using data processing technology.[2] Typically, a SOC is equipped for access monitoring and control of lighting, alarms, and vehicle barriers.[3]
SOC can be either internal or external. In latter case the organization outsources the security services, such monitoring, detection and analysis, from a Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP). This is typical to small organizations which don't have the resources to hire, train, and technically equip cybersecurity analysts.
An information security operations center (ISOC) is a dedicated site where enterprise information systems (web sites, applications, databases, data centers and servers, networks, desktops and other endpoints) are monitored, assessed, and defended.
The Transportation Security Administration in the United States has implemented security operations centers for most airports that have federalized security. The primary function of TSA security operations centers is to act as a communication hub for security personnel, law enforcement, airport personnel and various other agencies involved in the daily operations of airports. SOCs are staffed 24-hours a day by SOC watch officers. Security operations center watch officers are trained in all aspects of airport and aviation security and are often required to work abnormal shifts. SOC watch officers also ensure that TSA personnel follow proper protocol in dealing with airport security operations. The SOC is usually the first to be notified of incidents at airports such as the discovery of prohibited items/contraband, weapons, explosives, hazardous materials as well as incidents regarding flight delays, unruly passengers, injuries, damaged equipment and various other types of potential security threats. The SOC in turn relays all information pertaining to these incidents to TSA federal security directors, law enforcement and TSA headquarters.