| Party Name: | Secular Progressive Alliance |
| Abbreviation: | SPA |
| Founder: | M. Karunanidhi |
| Foundation: | April 2006 |
| Ideology: | Majority: Socialism (India)[1] [2] Factions: Social democracy Democratic socialism Communism[3] [4] |
| State Seats: | (Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Political Position: | Left-wing Factions: Centre-left to far-left |
| Chairman: | |
| Predecessor: | DMK-led Alliance |
| Alliance: | I.N.D.I.A. (India) |
Secular Progressive Alliance formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
The alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2006 - 2009 and 2014 - 2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) | ||
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK | ||
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP | ||
| Secular Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2017-2021 | 2021 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, TVK, MVK, ATP |
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-2021 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, CPI | |
| 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, VCK | ||
| 2016 | |||
| 2021 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent |
See main article: 16th Tamil Nadu Assembly.
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | |||
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | |||
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism and Anti-classism | |||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | |||
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | |||
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | Dravidianism | No Seats | ||
| Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | Indigenism | |||
| Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MMK | Social democracy | |||
| Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM | Social Equality | No Seats | ||
| Indian Union Muslim League | IUML | Social Conservatism | No Seats | ||
| Aam Aadmi Party | AAP | Populism and Secularism | No Seats | ||
| Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVK | Populism | |||
| Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam | MMK | No Seats | |||
| Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party | TNPWP | No Seats | |||
| Manithaneya Jananayaga Katchi | MJK | Social democracy | No Seats | ||
| Makkal Viduthalai Katchi | MVK | No Seats | |||
| Aathi Tamizhar Peravai | ATP | Ambedkarism | No Seats | ||
| Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam | SMK | No Seats | |||
| Mukkulathor Pulipadai | MP | No Seats | |||
See main article: 15th Puducherry Assembly.
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | ||
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | ||
| Independents | IND | Independent | ||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | No Seats | |
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | No Seats | |
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism and Anti-classism | No Seats | |
| Aam Aadmi Party | AAP | Populism and Secularism | No Seats | |
| Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM | Social Equality | No Seats | |
| Political Party | State | Date | Reason for Withdrawal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamil Nadu | 2011 | Allied with AIADMK | |||
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Allied with NDA | ||
| Social Democratic Party of India | Tamil Nadu | 2015 | Declared to Withdraw from DMK | ||
| Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | ||
| Puthiya Tamilagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with ADMK | ||
| Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | ||
| Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with AIADMK | |||
| Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with NDA | ||
| All India Forward Bloc | Tamil Nadu | 2024 | Allied with AIADMK | ||
| Indian National League | 2024 | Allied with AIADMK | |||
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences of seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK who offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).