Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts explained

Post:Secretary of the Commonwealth
Body:Massachusetts
Insignia:Seal of Massachusetts.svg
Insigniasize:110px
Insigniacaption:Seal of Massachusetts
Insigniaalt:Seal of Masschusetts
Incumbent:William F. Galvin
Incumbentsince:January 1, 1995
Department:Government of Massachusetts
Style:His Honor/Her honor
Status:Chief administrator
Registrar of deeds
Records officer
Constitutional officer
Residence:None official
Seat:State House, Boston, Massachusetts
Nominator:Nominating petition,
Political parties
Appointer:Popular vote
Termlength:Four years, no limit
Constituting Instrument:Constitution of Massachusetts
Formation:Original post:
August 23, 1629[1]
Current form:
October 25, 1780
Unofficial Names:Secretary of State

The secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Originally appointed under authority of the English Crown pursuant to the Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company, the office of secretary of the Commonwealth (equivalent to "secretaries of state" in other U.S. jurisdictions) became an elective one in 1780. Twenty-seven individuals have occupied the office of secretary of the Commonwealth over the ensuing centuries. The incumbent is William F. Galvin, a Democrat who has held the office since 1995.

Election

Term of office

The secretary of the Commonwealth is elected by the people on Election Day in November to four-year terms, and takes office on the third Wednesday of the January following a general election. There is no limit to the number of terms a secretary may hold.[2] Institutionally speaking, the secretary of the Commonwealth is thus completely independent of both the governor and General Court for the purpose of performing their official duties. These constitutional protections notwithstanding, the secretary may still be impeached for misconduct or maladministration by the House of Representatives and, if found guilty, removed from office by the Senate.[3]

Qualifications

Any person seeking election to the office of secretary of the Commonwealth must meet the following requirements:

  1. Be at least eighteen years of age;
  2. Be a registered voter in Massachusetts;
  3. Be a Massachusetts resident for at least five years when elected; and
  4. Receive 5,000 signatures from registered voters on nomination papers.[4]

Vacancies

In the event of a vacancy in the office of secretary of the Commonwealth, the General Court is charged, if in session, with electing from among the eligible citizens of the Commonwealth a successor to serve the balance of the prior secretary's term in office. If, however, the vacancy occurs while the General Court is not in session, then responsibility for appointing a successor falls to the governor. The appointment is not valid without the advice and consent of the Governor's Council.[5]

Powers and duties

The Secretary of the Commonwealth oversees the Corporations Division, the Elections Division, the Massachusetts Archives, the Massachusetts Historical Commission, the Public Records Division, the Securities Division, as well as the State Records Center.

List of secretaries of the Commonwealth (1780 to present)

No.Secretary of the CommonwealthPartyYearsElectoral/appointed history
1nowrap align=left
John Avery, Jr.Pro-Administration/FederalistJanuary 1, 1780 –
June 7, 1806
Succeeded Samuel Adams, who had been Secretary of the Province of Massachusetts Bay from August 15, 1776, until January 1, 1780. Avery died in office, June 7, 1806.
2nowrap align=left Jonathan L. AustinDemocratic-Republican1806 –
1808
3nowrap align=left
William TudorFederalist1808 –
1810
4nowrap align=left Benjamin HomansDemocratic-Republican1810 –
1812
5nowrap align=left
Alden BradfordFederalist/National Republican1812 –
1824
6nowrap align=left
Edward D. BangsNational Republican/Whig1824 –
1836
7nowrap align=left
John P. BigelowWhig1836 –
1843
8nowrap align=left John A. BollesWhig1843 –
1844
9nowrap align=left
John G. PalfreyWhig1844 –
1848
10nowrap align=left
William B. CalhounWhig[6] January 1848 –
1851
11nowrap align=left
Amasa WalkerWhig1851 –
1853
12nowrap align=left Ephraim M. WrightWhig1853 –
1856
13nowrap align=left Francis De WittKnow Nothing1856 –
1858
14nowrap align=left Oliver WarnerRepublican1858 –
1876
15nowrap align=left
Henry B. PierceRepublican1876 –
1891
16nowrap align=left
William M. OlinRepublican1891 –
April 15, 1911
Died in office April 15, 1911.
Actingnowrap align=left Isaac H. EdgettRepublicanApril 15, 1911 –
April 28, 1911.
Edgett, was the First Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth under William M. Olin.As the First Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth Edgett became the acting Secretary of the Commonwealth upon Olin's death. Edgett served as the acting Secretary of the Commonwealth until Albert P. Langtry was elected by the Massachusetts legislature to serve out the remainder of Olin's term.
17nowrap align=left
Albert P. LangtryRepublican[7] April 28, 1911Elected by the Legislature, on April 26, 1911, to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of William M. Olin. Langtry assumed the office of Secretary of the Commonwealth on April 28, 1911.
18nowrap align=left
Frank J. DonahueDemocraticJanuary 15, 1913 –
1915
19nowrap align=left
Albert P. LangtryRepublican1915 –
1921
20nowrap align=left
Frederic W. CookRepublican[8] 1921 –
1949
21nowrap align=left
Edward J. CroninDemocratic1949 –
November 24, 1958
Died in office on November 24, 1958.
Actingnowrap align=left
J. Henry GoguenDemocraticDecember 1, 1958 –
January 20, 1959
22nowrap align=left
Joseph D. Ward
Democratic[9] January 20, 1959 –
1961
23nowrap align=left
Kevin H. WhiteDemocratic1961 –
December 20, 1967
First elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964 to a four-year term after the length of terms was extended.
Resigned to become Mayor of Boston.
24nowrap align=left
Jack DavorenDemocratic1967 –
1974
25nowrap align=left
Paul H. GuzziDemocratic1975 –
1978
26nowrap align=left
Michael J. ConnollyDemocratic1979 –
1994
27nowrap align=left
William F. GalvinDemocraticJanuary 1, 1995 –
present

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Records of the governor and company of the Massachusetts bay in New England. Printed by order of the legislature . 1853 . Boston, W. White, printer to the commonwealth .
  2. Web site: Article LXIV, Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. General Court of Massachusetts. April 8, 2024.
  3. Web site: Article VIII, Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. General Court of Massachusetts. April 8, 2024.
  4. Web site: How to Run for Office in Massachusetts . March 2017 . Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth . December 26, 2022.
  5. Web site: Article XVII, Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. General Court of Massachusetts. April 8, 2024.
  6. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000046 William B. Calhoun
  7. News: FOSS AND FROTHINGHAM WIN.. The New York Times. September 27, 1911. 2. October 6, 2007.
  8. News: MANY SEEK OFFICE IN MASSACHUSETTS. The New York Times. August 9, 1922. 6. October 6, 2007.
  9. Web site: In Memoriam. Holy Cross Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20040905095533/http://www.holycross.edu/departments/publicaffairs/hcm/summer03/in_memoriam/1927.html. September 5, 2004. Summer 2003. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.