| Second National Census | |
| Country: | China |
| Previous Year: | 1953 |
| Previous Census: | 1953 Chinese census |
| Date: | 1964 |
| Next Year: | 1982 |
| Next Census: | 1982 Chinese census |
| Population: | 694,581,759 |
| Region Type: | province |
| Most Populous: | Henan |
| Least Populous: | Tibet Autonomous Region |
The 1964 Chinese census, officially the Second National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1964. The census results were not publicized until the early 1980s.[1]
The 1964 census included additional information about education, occupation, and class to the information gathered by the first census concerning name, age, sex, nationality, and relationship to heads of households.[2]
The census found that the total population of Mainland China in 1964 was 694,581,759.
However, the official summaries published in Chinese Sociology and Anthropology by the Chinese State Statistical Bureau in 1984 listed the 1964 population as 723,070,269.[3] China's official Xinhua news organization continues to report more significant figure.[4]
The census found approximately 356,520,000 men and 338,060,000 women living in China, a ratio of 105.46 to 100.
The average household size was 4.43, increasing by 1/10 person per household from the previous census. 40.69% of the population was 14, or under, 55.75% was between 15 and 64, and 3.56% was 65 or older.
Han Chinese accounted for approximately 654,560,000 persons (94.24% of the total). Minorities accounted for approx—forty million twenty thousand persons (5.76%).
127,100,000 Chinese were classified as living in cities, with an urbanization rate of 18.30%.[5]
| Province or autonomous region | 1953 Census | 1964 Census | Change | % Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anhui | 30,343,637 | 31,241,657 | 898,020 | 2.96 | |
| Fujian | 13,142,721 | 16,757,223 | 3,614,502 | 27.50 | |
| Gansu[6] | 12,928,102 | 12,630,569 | -297,533 | -2.30 | |
| Guangdong[7] | 34,770,059 | 42,800,849 | 8,030,790 | 23.10 | |
| Guizhou | 15,037,310 | 17,140,521 | 2,103,211 | 13.99 | |
| Hebei[8] [9] | 35,984,644 | 45,687,781 | 7,009,306 | 18.12 | |
| Henan | 44,214,594 | 50,325,511 | 6,110,917 | 13.82 | |
| Heilongjiang | 11,897,309 | 20,118,271 | 8,220,962 | 69.10 | |
| Hubei | 27,789,693 | 33,709,344 | 5,919,651 | 21.30 | |
| Hunan | 33,226,954 | 37,182,286 | 3,955,332 | 11.90 | |
| Jiangsu | 41,252,192 | 44,504,608 | 3,252,416 | 7.88 | |
| Jiangxi | 16,772,865 | 21,068,019 | 4,295,154 | 25.61 | |
| Jilin | 11,290,073 | 15,668,663 | 4,378,590 | 38.78 | |
| Liaoning | 18,545,147 | 26,946,200 | 8,401,053 | 45.30 | |
| Qinghai | 1,676,534 | 2,145,604 | 469,070 | 27.98 | |
| Rehe | 5,160,822 | ||||
| Sichuan[10] [11] | 62,303,999 | 67,956,490 | 2,271,427 | 3.46 | |
| Shaanxi | 15,881,281 | 20,766,915 | 4,885,634 | 30.76 | |
| Shandong | 48,876,548 | 55,519,038 | 6,642,490 | 13.59 | |
| Shanxi | 14,314,485 | 18,015,067 | 3,700,582 | 25.85 | |
| Xikang< | --includes Qamdo?--> | 3,381,064 | |||
| Yunnan | 17,472,737 | 20,509,525 | 3,036,788 | 17.38 | |
| Zhejiang | 22,865,747 | 28,318,573 | 5,452,826 | 23.85 | |
| Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 19,560,822 | 20,845,017 | 1,284,195 | 6.57 | |
| Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | 6,100,104 | 12,348,638 | 6,248,534 | 102.4 | |
| Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet)< | --includes Qamdo?--> | 1,273,969 | 1,251,225 | -22,744 | -1.79 |
| Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region | 4,873,608 | 7,270,067 | 2,396,459 | 49.17 | |
| Beijing Municipality | 2,768,149 | 7,568,495 | 4,800,346 | 173.4 | |
| Shanghai Municipality | 6,204,417 | 10,816,458 | 4,612,041 | 74.33 | |
| Tianjin Municipality | 2,693,831 | ||||
| Total | 582,603,417 | 694,581,759 | 111,978,342 | 19.22 |
As with the 1953 census, the accuracy of the Second National Population Census was questioned by many outside observers. The information collected about occupation and education could have been more systematic, and it could not even be accurately tabulated[2] even though the nation's illiteracy rate was recorded at 32.26%[3] and 33.58%.[5]