Second Johnson ministry explained
The second Johnson ministry began on 16 December 2019, three days after Boris Johnson's audience with Queen Elizabeth II where she invited him to form a government following the 2019 general election. The Conservative Party was returned to power with a majority of 80 seats in the House of Commons. Initially the ministers were largely identical to those at the end of the first Johnson ministry, but changed significantly in cabinet reshuffles in February 2020 and September 2021.
In July 2022, following a government crisis as a result of dozens of resignations from his government, Johnson announced his resignation as leader of the Conservative Party. Johnson pledged to remain as Prime Minister and lead a 'caretaker' government until a new Conservative Party leader had been elected. The election results were revealed on Monday 5 September 2022, and the new leader Liz Truss became prime minister on 6 September, resulting in the cabinet's dissolution.[2] [3]
History
2019 to 2020
The Conservative minority first Johnson ministry could not implement its legislative programme due to a political impasse over Brexit. While the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 requires a two-thirds majority vote in parliament to trigger an election, Johnson bypassed this requirement by passing the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019. In the resulting election, held on 12 December 2019, Johnson's Conservatives won a majority of eighty seats, the largest for a government led by a Conservative prime minister since Margaret Thatcher in 1987.[4]
Initially the ministers were largely identical to those at the end of the first Johnson ministry, excepting the Secretary of State for Wales, in which position Simon Hart replaced Alun Cairns. Nicky Morgan, who stood down at the general election, and Zac Goldsmith, who lost his seat, were made life peers to allow them to remain in the government.
Johnson reshuffled his cabinet on 13 February 2020:[5] Sajid Javid, Julian Smith, Esther McVey, Geoffrey Cox, Andrea Leadsom, Theresa Villiers and Chris Skidmore all left the government.[6]
Andrew Sabisky worked as a political adviser in Johnson's office for a short time in February. Sabisky, a speaker at the secretly held London Conference on Intelligence at UCL in 2015,[7] believed that there were significant differences in average intelligence between different races, and supported enforced contraception.[8] This caused concern among politicians of all parties in the UK Parliament only a few days after Sabisky's appointment.[9] He resigned from his advisory role on 17 February 2020.[10]
2021 to 2022
The 2021 State Opening of Parliament took place on 11 May 2021.[11] Johnson conducted a cabinet reshuffle on 15 September 2021.[12] The 2022 State Opening of Parliament took place on 10 May 2022.[13] Johnson conducted another cabinet reshuffle on 7 July 2022.[14] In January 2022 researchers at Sussex University maintained Johnson's administration was more corrupt "than any UK government since the Second World War" and feared serious consequences for the UK if it continued. Professor of Anti-Corruption Practice, Robert Barrington, at the Centre for the Study of Corruption in Sussex University stated that Johnson directly influenced this by personal example and by allowing his ministers and staff to do things. Barrington feared "consequences for democracy and Britain's global influence" - Barrington feared further for the economy and national security. Barrington accused MPs or Ministers that failed to act against lack of integrity of enabling it.[15] Simon Jenkins wrote "He could never handle rivals near him, and his dismissal of May's abler ministers deprived him, and the UK, of experience and ability in favour of second-rate acolytes."[16]
Confidence vote and government crisis
See main article: 2022 vote of confidence in the Conservative Party leadership of Boris Johnson and July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis. On 6 June 2022, Boris Johnson faced a vote of confidence in his ministry.[17] He won the vote, with 211 in favour of his premiership and 148 against.[18] Johnson was politically weakened.[18]
In July 2022, several ministers resigned from the government in response to the handling of the Chris Pincher scandal, including cabinet ministers Sajid Javid, Rishi Sunak and Simon Hart.[19] Michael Gove was sacked for disloyalty.[20]
Johnson’s resignation
Following the resignations, Johnson announced on 7 July 2022 of his decision to step down as Conservative Party leader.[21] Following the completion of the leadership election for his successor on 6 September, he stepped down and was succeeded by Liz Truss.
Cabinets
December 2019 – February 2020
February 2020 – September 2021
See also: 2020 British cabinet reshuffle.
Changes
September 2021 – February 2022
See also: 2021 British cabinet reshuffle.
Changes
- The Lord Frost resigned from the government on 18 December 2021. His role as Brexit minister was taken over by Foreign Secretary Liz Truss.[27]
February 2022 – 5 July 2022
Changes
5 July 2022 – 6 September 2022
See main article: July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis.
See also: July 2022 British cabinet reshuffle.
Changes
List of ministers
| width=225 | Minister in the House of Commons | | width=225 | Minister in the House of Lords |
| Cabinet ministers and ministers that attend cabinet are listed in bold | |
Prime Minister and Cabinet Office
| Cabinet Office |
|---|
| Post | Minister | Term |
|---|
| | Boris Johnson | July 2019September 2022 |
| | | July 2019September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| Kit Malthouse | July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister for the Cabinet Office | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
| style"width: 320px;" | | September 2021February 2022 |
| Michael Ellis | February 2022September 2022 |
| | The Baroness Evans of Bowes Park | July 2016September 2022 |
| Minister without Portfolio | James Cleverly
| July 2019February 2020 |
Amanda Milling
| February 2020September 2021 |
Oliver Dowden
| September 2021June 2022 |
Andrew Stephenson
| July 2022September 2022 |
| | | July 2019February 2022 |
| Mark Spencer | February 2022September 2022 |
| | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State (Minister for the Northern Powerhouse and Local Growth) | Jake Berry
| July 2019February 2020 |
| Parliamentary Secretary (Minister for the Constitution) | | January 2018February 2020 |
| Minister of State (Minister for the Constitution and Devolution) | | February 2020September 2021 |
| Minister of State without Portfolio | Nigel Adams | September 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Efficiency and Transformation | The Lord Agnew of Oulton
| February 2020January 2022 |
| Minister of State | | February 2020September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Secretary (Minister for Defence People and Veterans) | Johnny Mercer
| July 2019April 2021 |
Leo Docherty
| April 2021July 2022 |
| Minister of State, Minister for Veterans Affairs | | July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Secretary (Minister for Implementation) | | December 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
Heather Wheeler
| February 2022September 2022 |
| President for COP26 | Alok Sharma | January 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State | | March 2021December 2021 |
| Parliamentary Secretary (Minister for Policy and Head of the Prime Minister's Policy Unit | Andrew Griffith
| February 2022July 2022 |
| Minister of State (Minister for Brexit Opportunities and Government Efficiency) | Jacob Rees-Mogg | February 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Secretary of State, Deputy Leader of the House of Commons | | July 2022September 2022 | |
Departments of state
| Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy |
|---|
| Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020January 2021 |
| Kwasi Kwarteng | January 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth and Climate Change | | July 2019January 2021 |
| January 2021September 2021 |
| September 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation | Chris Skidmore
| September 2019February 2020 |
| Minister of State for Investment | | March 2020July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Small Business, Consumers and Corporate Responsibility to February 2020, Small Business, Consumers and Labour Markets from February 2020 | | July 2018February 2020 |
| Paul Scully (also Minister for London) | February 2020July 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Business & Industry) | | July 2019September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Science, Research and Innovation | | February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Climate Change) | The Lord Duncan of Springbank
| July 2019February 2020 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Business, Energy and Corporate Responsibility) | | February 2020February 2023 | |
| Environment, Food and Rural Affairs |
|---|
| Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | | July 2019February 2020 |
| George Eustice | February 2020September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to Feb 2020, Pacific and the International Environment from Feb 2020 | The Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park
| September 2019September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food | | July 2019February 2020 |
| Minister of State for Farming, Fisheries and Food | | September 2021September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment and Rural Opportunities to Sept 2021, Minister for Nature Recovery and the Domestic Environment from Sept 2021 | | September 2019July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State | | July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Rural Affairs, Access to Nature and Biosecurity | | July 2019May 2021 |
| May 2021September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food | | February 2020September 2021 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Minister for Agri-innovation and Climate Adaption | | September 2021July 2022 | |
| Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |
|---|
| | | July 2019September 2020 |
| September 2020September 2021 |
| Liz Truss (also Minister for Women and Equalities) | September 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State for the Middle East, North Africa to December 2021 Middle East, North Africa and North America from December 2021 | Andrew Murrison
| May 2019February 2020 |
James Cleverly
| February 2020February 2022 |
| Minister of State for the Pacific and the International Environment | The Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park
| February 2020September 2022 |
| Minister of State for European Neighbourhood and the Americas | | July 2019February 2020 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for European Neighbourhood and the Americas | Wendy Morton
| February 2020December 2021 |
| Minister of State, Minister for Europe | | December 2021February 2022 |
| Minister of State, Minister for Europe and North America | | February 2022July 2022 |
| Minister of State, Minister for Europe | | July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Africa | Andrew Stephenson
| July 2019February 2020 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Africa | James Duddridge
| February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021December 2021 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean | | December 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State for the Commonwealth, the UN from 2017 and South and Central Asia from 2020 and North Africa from 2022 | The Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon
| June 2017July 2024 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Asia and the Pacific) | | July 2019February 2020 |
| Minister of State for Asia to February 2022, Minister for Asia and the Middle East from February 2022 | Nigel Adams
| February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Minister for North America, Sanctions and Consular policy | | July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Overseas Territories & Sustainable Development, (Prime Minister's Special Envoy for Girls' Education from 5 March 2020) | The Baroness Sugg
| February 2020November 2020 |
| Minister of State for Equalities | Kemi Badenoch
| September 2021July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for Women) | The Baroness Stedman-Scott
| September 2021September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for Equalities) | Mike Freer
| September 2021July 2022 |
Amanda Solloway
| July 2022September 2022 | |
| Health and Social Care |
|---|
| Secretary of State for Health and Social Care | | July 2018 June 2021 |
| June 2021July 2022 |
| Steve Barclay | July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Health | | September 2019July 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Care | | January 2018February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
| Minister of State for Care and Mental Health | | September 2021September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Patient Safety, Suicide Prevention and Mental Health | | May 2020September 2021 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Prevention, Public Health & Primary Care | | July 2019September 2021 |
| Parliamentary Under-Seceretary of State(Minister for Patient Safety and Primary Care) | | September 2021July 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Mental Health, Suicide Prevention & Patient Safety | | July 2019May 2020 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID Vaccine Deployment | | November 2020September 2021 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State(Minister for Vaccines and Public Health) | | September 2021September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State | The Baroness Blackwood of North Oxford | January 2019February 2020 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Innovation | | March 2020September 2021 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Technology, Innovation and Life Sciences) | The Lord Kamall | September 2021September 2022 | |
| Home Office |
|---|
| Secretary of State for the Home Department | Priti Patel | July 2019September 2022 |
| Deputy Home Secretary and Minister of State for Security | Brandon Lewis CBE | July 2019February 2020 |
| Minister for Security to September 2021, Minister for Security and Borders from September 2021 | | February 2020July 2021 (on leave from 11 January 2021) |
| August 2021July 2022 |
Stephen McPartland
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Crime, Policing & the Fire Service to Feb 2020, Minister for Crime and Policing from Feb 2020 | Kit Malthouse
| July 2019July 2022
|
Tom Pursglove
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Countering Extremism to February 2020, Lords Minister from February 2020 | The Baroness Williams of Trafford
| July 2016September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Building Safety and Fire | The Lord Greenhalgh
| March 2020July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Crime, Safeguarding and Vulnerability) | Victoria Atkins
| November 2017September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
Amanda Solloway
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration to Feb 2020, Future Borders and Immigration from Feb 2020 to 2021, Safe and Legal Immigration from 2021 | | December 2019September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for Immigration Compliance and the Courts) | Chris Philp
| February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, (Minister for illegal Migration) | Simon Baynes
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State | | July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister for Afghan Resettlement, Minister of State | | September 2021March 2022 |
| Minister of State, Minister for Refugees | | March 2022September 2022 | |
| Transport |
|---|
| Secretary of State for Transport | Grant Shapps | July 2019September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Railways | | July 2019December 2021 |
| Minister of State for High Speed 2 | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020July 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Minister of State for Transport | | February 2022September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport | | December 2021February 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Roads and Light Rail | The Baroness Vere of Norbiton | July 2019November 2023 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Aviation and Maritime | | January 2018February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2020 |
| September 2020September 2022 |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Future of Transport | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 | |
Law officers
Parliament
| House of Commons Whips |
|---|
| | | July 2019February 2022 |
| Chris Heaton-Harris | February 2022September 2022 |
| | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020February 2022 |
| February 2022June 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| | | December 2019September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| July 2022July 2024 |
| | | July 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| | | July 2019February 2020 |
| July 2019July 2022 |
| July 2019September 2021 |
Maggie Throup
| September 2019September 2021 |
| December 2019June 2020 |
Douglas Ross
| December 2019February 2020 |
| February 2020September 2021 |
| February 2020July 2022 |
| June 2020April 2021 |
| January 2021April 2021 |
Alan Mak
| April 2021July 2022 |
Lee Rowley
| September 2021July 2022 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| September 2021February 2022, July 2022September 2022 |
| February 2022September 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
David TC Davies
| July 2022September 2022 |
| Assistant Whips | | July 2019April 2021 |
Nigel Huddleston
| July 2019September 2021 |
| July 2019February 2020 |
| July 2019February 2020 |
| July 2019September 2021 |
David TC Davies
| December 2019July 2022 |
| December 2019September 2021 |
Alex Chalk
| February 2020September 2021 |
| February 2020January 2021 |
| April 2021September 2021 |
| April 2021July 2022 |
Heather Wheeler
| September 2021July 2022 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| September 2021July 2022 |
| September 2021February 2022 |
James Cartlidge
| September 2021July 2022 |
| February 2022July 2022 |
| July 2022February 2023 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
| July 2022July 2024 |
| July 2022September 2022 |
Julie Marson
| July 2022September 2022 | |
See also
Notes and References
- Web site: Ministers. GOV.UK. 31 March 2021. 31 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210331103231/https://www.gov.uk/government/how-government-works. live.
- News: 11 July 2022 . Britain to have new PM by 5 September as Tory leadership rules announced . . live . 12 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234943/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/jul/11/britain-new-pm-5-september-tory-leadership-rules-announced . 11 July 2022.
- Web site: Liz Truss to become UK's next prime minister after victory over Sunak . 5 September 2022 .
- News: Election results 2019: Boris Johnson hails 'new dawn' after historic victory . 2019-12-13 . BBC News . 2019-12-13 . live . 15 January 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200115102423/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50776671.
- News: Sajid Javid resigns as chancellor . 2020-02-13 . . 2020-02-13 . 13 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200213152120/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51491662 . live .
- News: Castle . Stephen . Sajid Javid, U.K. Finance Chief, Quits as Boris Johnson Shuffles Team . 2020-02-13 . The New York Times . 2020-02-13 . 0362-4331 . 13 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200213191423/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/world/europe/sajid-javid-boris-johnson.html . live .
- News: I warned about the spreading influence of eugenics – yet an advocate was able to work at Downing Street. Rawe, Louise. 2020-02-17. The Independent. 10 July 2022. live. 18 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200218185337/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/eugenics-andrew-sabisky-boris-johnson-downing-street-racism-dominic-cummings-a9341051.html.
- News: Kate. Proctor. 16 February 2020 . Calls for Tory aide to be sacked over 'enforced contraception' remarks. The Guardian. 8 March 2020. live. 11 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200311172213/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/16/tory-aide-wants-enforced-contraception-to-curb-pregnancies.
- News: Boris Johnson adviser: 'Very real racial differences in intelligence'. 17 February 2020. Sky News. Powell . Rob . Heffer . Greg. 22 July 2022. live. 13 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200313172237/https://news.sky.com/story/number-10-adviser-andrew-sabisky-very-real-racial-differences-in-intelligence-11936334.
- News: No 10 adviser resigns over alleged race comments. 2020-02-17. BBC News. 2020-02-17. 5 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200305072938/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51538493. live.
- News: 2021-05-10. Queen's Speech 2021: What can we expect?. BBC News. 2021-05-10. live. 10 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210510025817/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-56987630.
- News: 2021-09-15 . Reshuffle: Boris Johnson fires Gavin Williamson as he rings cabinet changes . BBC News . 2021-09-15 . live . 15 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-58571935.
- News: Queen to miss State Opening of Parliament – Prince of Wales to read speech instead . 9 May 2022 . . 2022-05-09.
- News: Ruth . Mosalski . 7 July 2022 . Boris Johnson's new cabinet in full as he announces reshuffle and resigns . . 7 July 2022.
- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-corruption-b2002869.html Corruption experts warn Boris Johnson’s government is worst since WWII
- https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jul/07/boris-johnson-warmly-authentic-devious-and-corrupt The public saw Boris Johnson as warmly authentic, then devious and corrupt
- News: 6 June 2022 . Boris Johnson faces vote of no confidence in his leadership . . Parker . George . Payne . Sebastian . Pickard . Jim . 2022-06-06.
- News: Mason . Rowena . Boris Johnson wins no-confidence vote despite unexpectedly large rebellion . 6 June 2022 . . 6 June 2022.
- Web site: The Tory MPs who have quit Boris Johnson's government – listed . Mason . Rowena . Dugan . Emily . . 6 July 2022 . 7 July 2022.
- News: Elgot, Jessica. Michael Gove sacked for disloyalty: allies reveal how it happened . . 6 July 2022 . 7 July 2022.
- News: 2022-07-07 . Boris Johnson to stand down as Tory leader after wave of resignations . BBC News . 2022-07-07.
- News: Walker. Jonathan. 2020-09-01. North East MP entitled to £17,000 payout after Boris Johnson abolishes her job. ChronicleLive. 2020-09-29. 17 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200917151627/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/berwick-mp-anne-marie-trevelyan-18860383. live.
- Web site: 17 February 2021. Lord Frost CMG appointed as a Minister of State in the Cabinet Office. 17 February 2021. gov.uk. 17 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210217173402/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/lord-frost-cmg-appointed-as-a-minister-of-state-in-the-cabinet-office . live.
- News: Suella Braverman becomes first Cabinet minister to take paid maternity leave. 2 March 2021. Mason. Boycott-Owen. The Telegraph. 3 March 2021. 3 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210303020653/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/03/02/suella-braverman-becomes-first-cabinet-minister-take-paid-maternity/. live.
- Web site: Law Officers re-appointed. Attorney General's Office. 13 September 2021. 13 September 2021. 13 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210913153334/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/law-officers-re-appointed. live.
- News: 2021-06-26 . Matt Hancock quits as health secretary after breaking social distance guidance . BBC News . 2021-06-27 . live . 28 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210628024402/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57625508.
- News: 2021-12-20 . Lord Frost: I didn't support PM's coercive Covid plan . BBC News . 2021-12-20.
- News: 'We cannot carry on with business as usual': Oliver Dowden quits as Tory chair after by-election mauling . 24 June 2022 . 2022-06-24 . Sky News . Ford Rojas . John-Paul.
- News: Forrest . Adam . Woodcock . Andrew . 2022-06-24 . Tory party chairman Oliver Dowden resigns after double by-election loss . 2022-06-24 . The Independent.
- News: Cabinet reshuffle: Simon Hart appointed new Welsh secretary. BBC News. 16 December 2019. 17 December 2019. 11 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111034758/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-50809649. live.
