Second impeachment of Donald Trump explained

Accused:Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States
Proponents:
Period:January 13 ⁠–⁠
Outcome:Acquitted by the U.S. Senate
Cause:
Header Votes:Congressional votes
Vote1:Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives
Accusation1:Incitement of insurrection
Votes Favor1:232
Votes Against1:197
Present1:0
Not Voting1:4
Result1:Approved
Vote2:Voting in the U.S. Senate
Accusation2:Incitement of insurrection
Votes Favor2:57 "guilty"
Votes Against2:43 "not guilty"
Result2:Acquitted (67 "guilty" votes necessary for a conviction)

Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, was impeached for the second time on January 13, 2021, one week before his term expired. It was the fourth impeachment of a U.S. president, and the second for Trump after his first impeachment in December 2019.[1] [2]

The House of Representatives of the 117th U.S. Congress adopted one article of impeachment against Trump of "incitement of insurrection", stating that he had incited the January 6 attack of the U.S. Capitol. The House impeachment managers formally triggered the start of the impeachment trial on January 25 by delivering to the Senate the charge against Trump.[3] The trial in the Senate was scheduled to start on February 9.[4]

The trial was the first of its kind for a departed U.S. president, with Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Trump having been the subjects of the prior impeachment trials. Many Republican senators challenged the validity of holding an impeachment trial for a president no longer in office while proponents cited the Senate's 1876 trial of William W. Belknap, the Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant, who was impeached but not convicted after resigning from office immediately prior to a House vote on his impeachment. At the trial, 57 senators voted "guilty", which was less than the two-thirds majority needed (67) to convict Trump, and 43 senators voted "not guilty", resulting in Trump being acquitted of the charges on February 13, 2021.[5]

In August 2023, Trump was twice indicted for the conduct at issue in his impeachment, once in Georgia and once federally.

Background

Attempts to overturn the 2020 election

See main article: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. For weeks prior to the impeachment, President Trump made numerous unsuccessful attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election.

January 6 U.S. Capitol attack

See main article: January 6 United States Capitol attack. Trump told his supporters to come to Washington D.C. on January 6, the day Congress was counting the electoral votes, to the "March to Save America" rally at The Ellipse.[6] During the rally, Trump as well as other speakers falsely claimed that the election was stolen, used the word "fight", made an analogy to boxing,[7] and suggested that his supporters had the power to prevent President-elect Joe Biden from taking office.[8]

When the United States Congress convened to certify the electoral votes of the presidential election, supporters of Trump crossed the Mall and stormed the United States Capitol in an attempt to prevent the tabulation of votes and protest against Biden's win. Trump supporters illegally entered the Capitol and gathered on its eastern and western sides, including on the inaugural platform constructed for Biden's inauguration.[9] Five people, including a Capitol Police officer, died from the riots, while several improvised explosive devices were found on and near the Capitol grounds.[10] [11] Another Capitol police officer on duty during the riots died by suicide days later.[12] During the riots, Trump was "initially pleased" by the attack on the Capitol and took no action.[13] [14] In a speech hours into the event, Trump told the rioters "We love you. You're very special," restated his false claims of electoral fraud, and then asked them to go home.[15] Hours later, Congress reconvened and ultimately certified the electoral votes in the early morning hours of January 7. Trump then released a statement asserting that there would be an "orderly transition" of power on Inauguration Day, even while continuing to claim falsely that the election was stolen from him and also stating that he would not attend Biden's inauguration.[16]

Considered scenarios

Four scenarios for the removal of Trump from office had been posited by members of Congress, members of Trump's cabinet, political commentators, or legal scholars: resignation, the invocation of the 14th Amendment, invocation of the 25th Amendment, or impeachment and conviction.

Resignation

See also: Richard Nixon's resignation speech. The President of the United States can resign from office, in which case the Vice President will automatically become president, instead of merely assuming the powers and duties of the presidency as acting president. While Article II of the Constitution states that the "Powers and Duties" of the president devolve to the vice president in the event of the president's death, resignation, incapacity, or removal, John Tyler, the tenth president of the United States, interpreted that provision as allowing the Vice President to ascend to the presidency in such cases, without any qualifications. This practice was codified in 1967, with the passage of the 25th Amendment.

If Trump had resigned, Vice President Mike Pence would have become the 46th president of the United States; Pence would have been the shortest-serving president ever, being in office for a matter of days before handing power to Joe Biden as the 47th president on January 20. This would have surpassed the record of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days into his term. It would have been the second time in history that a president had been forced to resign; the first was the 1974 resignation of Richard Nixon when it appeared inevitable that he would be impeached and removed from office for his role in the Watergate scandal.

Due to intense pressure on his administration, the threat of removal, and numerous resignations, Trump committed to an orderly transition of power in a televised speech on January 7.[17] In the White House on January 8, Trump mentioned that he was not considering resignation.[18] On January 9, The New York Times reported that Trump told White House aides that he regretted his statement committing to an orderly transition of power and that there was no chance he would resign from office.[19]

14th Amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. Section 3 states that a person who participated in insurrection after having taken an oath to support the Constitution is disqualified from holding future office unless permitted by Congress.

If Trump had been removed from office under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, Pence would have become the 46th president of the United States, and he would still have been the shortest-serving president ever before handing power to Biden as the 47th president on January 20. It would also have been the first time that Section 3 of the 14th Amendment had been invoked since 1919 when it stopped Victor L. Berger, convicted of violating the Espionage Act for his anti-militarist views, from taking his seat in the House of Representatives.[20] It would also have been the first time that it had been invoked on a sitting president and its being invoked had been seen as especially unlikely.[21]

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez was one of the House Democrats who supported invoking the 14th Amendment against Trump. In a letter, Pelosi thanked her colleagues for their contributions to discussions on the 14th Amendment.[22] If successful, the former president would be ineligible for appointment to any federal office without a Senate supermajority vote in favor.

25th Amendment

The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with presidential succession and disability. Though the amendment thus far has been used in medical situations, Section 4 provides that the vice president, together with a majority of Cabinet secretaries, may declare the president unable to carry out his duties, after which the vice president immediately assumes the duties of the president.

If Section 4 of the 25th Amendment action had been carried out, it would have made Pence the acting president, assuming the "powers and duties of the office" of the president. Trump would have remained president for the rest of his term, albeit stripped of all authority. Section 4 of the 25th Amendment had not been invoked before.[23] [24] The 25th Amendment, however, was initially created for the case where the President was incapacitated.

Pence, who would have been required to initiate removal, stated that he would not invoke the 25th Amendment against Trump.[25]

Impeachment and conviction

See main article: Impeachment in the United States.

Impeachment begins in the House of Representatives, where articles of impeachment are drawn up. These articles are then voted on by House members. Each article is voted on separately and requires a simple majority to pass. Once an article has been passed in the House, the president has been impeached. The articles are then sent to the Senate for adjudication with an impeachment trial. After views have been laid out in the trial, the Senate moves to vote on conviction. Each article requires a two-thirds majority of Senators present to pass. If an article passes in the Senate, the president has been convicted and is removed from office. Once the president is convicted, a further vote may then be held which determines whether the (now-former) president is barred from holding future office; this vote passes with a simple majority in the Senate.[26] [27]

Because the Senate was not scheduled to reconvene until January 19, 2021,[28] members of Congress discussed holding the trial after Trump had left office. A former president had never been tried by the Senate; however, Secretary of War William W. Belknap had been impeached by the House and tried by the Senate after he had resigned.[29]

Invoking the 25th Amendment

On the evening of January 6, CBS News reported that Cabinet members were discussing invoking the 25th Amendment.[30] The ten Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee, led by U.S. Representative David Cicilline, sent a letter to Pence to "emphatically urge" him to invoke the 25th Amendment and declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office", claiming that he incited and condoned the riots.[31] [32] For invocation, Pence and at least eight Cabinet members, forming a simple majority, would have to consent. Additionally, if challenged by Trump, the second invocation would maintain Pence as acting president, subject to a vote of approval in both houses of Congress, with a two-thirds supermajority necessary in each chamber to sustain. However, Congress would not have needed to act before January 20 for Pence to remain acting president until Biden was inaugurated, per the timeline described in Section 4.

Senator Elizabeth Warren (DMA) accused Education Secretary Betsy DeVos in a tweet of quitting rather than supporting efforts to invoke the 25th Amendment to remove Trump. A Trump administration official disputed Warren's claim. House majority whip Jim Clyburn on Friday accused DeVos and Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao of "running away from their responsibility" by resigning from President Trump's Cabinet before invoking the 25th Amendment to remove him from office.[33] News agencies reported that DeVos was in discussions to invoke the 25th Amendment prior to her resignation.[34] By late January 9, it was reported that Pence had not ruled out invoking the 25th Amendment and was actively considering it.[35]

The House Rules Committee met on January 12, 2021, to vote on a non-binding resolution calling on Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment. Pence later stated his position of not invoking the 25th Amendment, according to a letter sent to Pelosi late on January 12. In it, he stated that the 25th Amendment was intended for presidential incapacity or disability, and invoking Section 4 to punish and usurp President Trump in the middle of a presidential transition would undermine and set a terrible precedent for the stability of the executive branch and the United States federal government.[36]

On the same day, the House of Representatives voted to call for Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment. The resolution passed with 223 in favor, 205 against, and 5 (all Republicans) not voting; Adam Kinzinger was the only Republican to join a unified Democratic Caucus.[37]

Raskin bill

The 25th Amendment allows Congress to establish a committee to determine when a president is unfit to serve (section 4 of the Amendment provides that the "declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" is made by "the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments [i.e., the Cabinet] or of such other body as Congress may by law provide").[38] However, such a committee has never been established. In May 2017, Representative Jamie Raskin (DMD-8) introduced legislation to create a standing, independent, nonpartisan body, called the Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity, to make such a determination. The bill had 20 cosponsors.[39] Raskin had previously introduced a legislative proposal under the same title with the same purpose back in 2017.

In October 2020, Raskin and Pelosi introduced a similar bill to create a Commission on Presidential Capacity to Discharge the Powers and Duties of Office, to have 17 membersfour physicians, four psychiatrists, four retired Democratic statespersons, and four retired Republican statespersons appointed by congressional leaders (the Speaker of the House, House Minority Leader, Senate Majority Leader, and Senate Minority Leader). The bill defines "retired statespersons" as former presidents, vice presidents, attorneys general, secretaries of state, defense secretaries, Treasury secretaries, and surgeons general. The committee chair would be appointed by the other members. The bill provides that no members of the commission could be a current elected official, federal employee, or active or reserve military personnel, a measure intended to avoid conflicts of interest and chain-of-command problems. A majority of the commission (nine members), plus the vice president, would need to support invoking the 25th Amendment. The bill had 38 cosponsors.[40] While the bill received renewed interest in the aftermath of the Capitol incident, as with any other bill it would require passage by both houses of Congress and consideration by the president for the commission to be formed and consider invocation of Section 4; thus it was ultimately irrelevant to the immediate situation.

Impeachment

See also: Impeachment in the United States.

Drafted articles of impeachment

See also: List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump.

Within hours of the Capitol attack, members of Congress began to call for the impeachment of Donald Trump as president. Several representatives began the process of independently drafting various articles of impeachment. Of these attempts, the first to become public were those of Representative Ilhan Omar (DMN-5) who drafted and introduced articles of impeachment against Trump.[41] [42] [43] [44]

Representative David Cicilline (DRI-1) separately drafted an article of impeachment. The text was obtained by CNN on January 8.[45] On Twitter, Cicilline acknowledged the coauthorship of Ted Lieu and Jamie Raskin,[46] and said that "more than 110" members had signed on to this article.[47] "Article I: Incitement of Insurrection" accuses Trump of having "willfully made statements that encouraged—and foreseeably resulted in—imminent lawless action at the Capitol".[48] As a result of incitement by Trump, "a mob unlawfully breached the Capitol" and "engaged in violent, deadly, destructive, and seditious acts".[49] On January 10, it was announced that the bill had gathered 210 cosponsors in the House.[50]

Article of impeachment introduced

On January 11, 2021, U.S. Representatives David Cicilline, along with Jamie Raskin and Ted Lieu, introduced an article of impeachment against Trump, charging Trump with "incitement of insurrection" in urging his supporters to march on the Capitol building. The article contended that Trump made several statements that "encouraged—and foreseeably resulted in—lawless action" that interfered with Congress' constitutional duty to certify the election. It argued that by his actions, Trump "threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of Government", doing so in a way that rendered him "a threat to national security, democracy, and the Constitution" if he were allowed to complete his term.[51] [52] By the time it was introduced, 218 of the 222 House Democrats had signed on as cosponsors, assuring its passage.[53] Trump was impeached in a vote on January 13, 2021; ten Republicans, including House Republican Conference chairwoman Liz Cheney, joined all of the Democrats in supporting the article.

On January 12, with the article's passage assured, Pelosi named Raskin, Lieu, Cicilline, Diana DeGette, Joaquin Castro, Eric Swalwell, Joe Neguse, Madeleine Dean, and Stacey Plaskett as managers to present the prosecution case in the Senate conviction trial, with Raskin as lead manager.[54] The managers were chosen for their expertise in constitutional law, civil rights, and criminal justice. Raskin is a former constitutional law professor at American University. Lieu is a former military prosecutor in the United States Air Force. Cicilline is a former public defender. Swalwell was a former prosecutor in California. DeGette is a former civil rights attorney. Castro, Neguse, Dean and Plaskett are all lawyers in private practice.[55]

The House impeachment managers formally triggered the start of the impeachment trial on January 25 by walking across the Capitol and delivered to the Senate the charge against Trump. The nine managers were led into the Senate chamber by the lead impeachment manager, who read the article of impeachment.[3] The trial in the Senate began as scheduled on February 9.[4]

House vote

Voting results on House Resolution 24[56]
(impeaching Donald John Trump, former President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors)
PartyArticle I (incitement of insurrection)
YesNoPresentNot voting
(222)222
(211)197
Total (433)2321974
ResultAdopted
Full list of member votes on House Resolution 24
DistrictMemberPartyArticle I
data-sort-value="Carl, Jerry" Jerry CarlRepublican
data-sort-value="Moore, Barry" Barry MooreRepublican
data-sort-value="Rogers, Mike" Mike RogersRepublican
data-sort-value="Aderholt, Robert" Robert AderholtRepublican
data-sort-value="Brooks, Mo" Mo BrooksRepublican
data-sort-value="Moore, Barry" Gary PalmerRepublican
data-sort-value="Sewell, Terri" Terri SewellDemocratic
data-sort-value="Young, Don" Don YoungRepublican
data-sort-value="O'Halleran, Tom" Tom O'HalleranDemocratic
data-sort-value="Kirkpatrick, Ann" Ann KirkpatrickDemocratic
data-sort-value="Grijalva, Raúl" Raúl GrijalvaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Gosar, Paul" Paul GosarRepublican
data-sort-value="Biggs, Andy" Andy BiggsRepublican
data-sort-value="Schweikert, David" David SchweikertRepublican
data-sort-value="Gallego, Ruben" Ruben GallegoDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lesko, Debbie" Debbie LeskoRepublican
data-sort-value="Stanton, Greg" Greg StantonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Crawford, Rick" Rick CrawfordRepublican
data-sort-value="Hill, French" French HillRepublican
data-sort-value="Womack, Steve" Steve WomackRepublican
data-sort-value="Westerman, Bruce" Bruce WestermanRepublican
data-sort-value="LaMalfa, Doug" Doug LaMalfaRepublican
data-sort-value="Huffman, Jared" Jared HuffmanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Garamendi, John" John GaramendiDemocratic
data-sort-value="McClintock, Tom" Tom McClintockRepublican
data-sort-value="Thompson, Mike" Mike ThompsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Matsui, Doris" Doris MatsuiDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bera, Ami" Ami BeraDemocratic
data-sort-value="Obernolte, Jay" Jay ObernolteRepublican
data-sort-value="McNerney, Jerry" Jerry McNerneyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Harder, Josh" Josh HarderDemocratic
data-sort-value="DeSaulnier, Mark" Mark DeSaulnierDemocratic
data-sort-value="Pelosi, Nancy" Nancy PelosiDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lee, Barbara" Barbara LeeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Speier, Jackie" Jackie SpeierDemocratic
data-sort-value="Swalwell, Eric" Eric SwalwellDemocratic
data-sort-value="Costa, Jim" Jim CostaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Khanna, Ro" Ro KhannaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Eshoo, Anna" Anna EshooDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lofgren, Zoe" Zoe LofgrenDemocratic
data-sort-value="Panetta, Jimmy" Jimmy PanettaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Valadao, David" David ValadaoRepublican
data-sort-value="Nunes, Devin" Devin NunesRepublican
data-sort-value="McCarthy, Kevin" Kevin McCarthyRepublican
data-sort-value="Carbajal, Salud" Salud CarbajalDemocratic
data-sort-value="Garcia, Mike" Mike GarciaRepublican
data-sort-value="Brownley, Julia" Julia BrownleyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Chu, Judy" Judy ChuDemocratic
data-sort-value="Schiff, Adam" Adam SchiffDemocratic
data-sort-value="Cárdenas, Tony" Tony CárdenasDemocratic
data-sort-value="Sherman, Brad" Brad ShermanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Aguilar, Pete" Pete AguilarDemocratic
data-sort-value="Napolitano, Grace" Grace NapolitanoDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lieu, Ted" Ted LieuDemocratic
data-sort-value="Gomez, Jimmy" Jimmy GomezDemocratic
data-sort-value="Torres, Norma" Norma TorresDemocratic
data-sort-value="Ruiz, Raul" Raul RuizDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bass, Karen" Karen BassDemocratic
data-sort-value="Sánchez, Linda" Linda SánchezDemocratic
data-sort-value="Kim, Young" Young KimRepublican
data-sort-value="Roybal-Allard, Lucille" Lucille Roybal-AllardDemocratic
data-sort-value="Takano, Mark" Mark TakanoDemocratic
data-sort-value="Calvert, Ken" Ken CalvertRepublican
data-sort-value="Waters, Maxine" Maxine WatersDemocratic
data-sort-value="Barragán, Nanette" Nanette BarragánDemocratic
data-sort-value="Porter, Katie" Katie PorterDemocratic
data-sort-value="Correa, Lou" Lou CorreaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lowenthal, Alan" Alan LowenthalDemocratic
data-sort-value="Steel, Michelle" Michelle SteelRepublican
data-sort-value="Levin, Mike" Mike LevinDemocratic
data-sort-value="Issa, Darrell" Darrell IssaRepublican
data-sort-value="Vargas, Juan" Juan VargasDemocratic
data-sort-value="Peters, Scott" Scott PetersDemocratic
data-sort-value="Jacobs, Sara" Sara JacobsDemocratic
data-sort-value="DeGette, Diana" Diana DeGetteDemocratic
data-sort-value="Neguse, Joe" Joe NeguseDemocratic
data-sort-value="Boebert, Lauren" Lauren BoebertRepublican
data-sort-value="Buck, Ken" Ken BuckRepublican
data-sort-value="Lamborn, Doug" Doug LambornRepublican
data-sort-value="Crow, Jason" Jason CrowDemocratic
data-sort-value="Perlmutter, Ed" Ed PerlmutterDemocratic
data-sort-value="Larson, John B." John B. LarsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Courtney, Joe" Joe CourtneyDemocratic
data-sort-value="DeLauro, Rosa" Rosa DeLauroDemocratic
data-sort-value="Himes, Jim" Jim HimesDemocratic
data-sort-value="Hayes, Jahana" Jahana HayesDemocratic
data-sort-value="Blunt Rochester, Lisa" Lisa Blunt RochesterDemocratic
data-sort-value="Gaetz, Matt" Matt GaetzRepublican
data-sort-value="Dunn, Neal" Neal DunnRepublican
data-sort-value="Cammack, Kat" Kat CammackRepublican
data-sort-value="Rutherford, John" John RutherfordRepublican
data-sort-value="Lawson, Al" Al LawsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Waltz, Michael" Michael WaltzRepublican
data-sort-value="Murphy, Stephanie" Stephanie MurphyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Posey, Bill" Bill PoseyRepublican
data-sort-value="Soto, Darren" Darren SotoDemocratic
data-sort-value="Demings, Val" Val DemingsDemocratic
data-sort-value="Webster, Daniel" Daniel WebsterRepublican
data-sort-value="Bilirakis, Gus" Gus BilirakisRepublican
data-sort-value="Crist, Charlie" Charlie CristDemocratic
data-sort-value="Castor, Kathy" Kathy CastorDemocratic
data-sort-value="Franklin, Scott" Scott FranklinRepublican
data-sort-value="Buchanan, Vern" Vern BuchananRepublican
data-sort-value="Steube, Greg" Greg SteubeRepublican
data-sort-value="Mast, Brian" Brian MastRepublican
data-sort-value="Donalds, Byron" Byron DonaldsRepublican
data-sort-value="Hastings, Alcee" Alcee HastingsDemocratic
data-sort-value="Frankel, Lois" Lois FrankelDemocratic
data-sort-value="Deutch, Ted" Ted DeutchDemocratic
data-sort-value="Wasserman Schultz, Debbie" Debbie Wasserman SchultzDemocratic
data-sort-value="Wilson, Frederica" Frederica WilsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Díaz-Balart, Mario" Mario Díaz-BalartRepublican
data-sort-value="Giménez, Carlos A." Carlos A. GiménezRepublican
data-sort-value="Elvira Salazar, Maria" Maria Elvira SalazarRepublican
data-sort-value="Carter, Buddy" Buddy CarterRepublican
data-sort-value="Bishop, Sanford" Sanford BishopDemocratic
data-sort-value="Ferguson, Drew" Drew FergusonRepublican
data-sort-value="Johnson, Hank" Hank JohnsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Williams, Nikema" Nikema WilliamsDemocratic
data-sort-value="McBath, Lucy" Lucy McBathDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bourdeaux, Carolyn" Carolyn BourdeauxDemocratic
data-sort-value="Scott, Austin" Austin ScottRepublican
data-sort-value="Clyde, Andrew" Andrew ClydeRepublican
data-sort-value="Hice, Jody" Jody HiceRepublican
data-sort-value="Loudermilk, Barry" Barry LoudermilkRepublican
data-sort-value="Allen, Rick W." Rick W. AllenRepublican
data-sort-value="Scott, David" David ScottDemocratic
data-sort-value="Taylor Greene, Marjorie" Marjorie Taylor GreeneRepublican
data-sort-value="Case, Ed" Ed CaseDemocratic
data-sort-value="Kahele, Kai" Kai KaheleDemocratic
data-sort-value="Fulcher, Russ" Russ FulcherRepublican
data-sort-value="Simpson, Mike" Mike SimpsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Rush, Bobby" Bobby RushDemocratic
data-sort-value="Kelly, Robin" Robin KellyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Newman, Marie" Marie NewmanDemocratic
data-sort-value="García, Jesús" Jesús "Chuy" GarcíaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Quigley, Mike" Mike QuigleyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Casten, Sean" Sean CastenDemocratic
data-sort-value="Davis, Danny K." Danny K. DavisDemocratic
data-sort-value="Krishnamoorthi, Raja" Raja KrishnamoorthiDemocratic
data-sort-value="Schakowsky, Jan" Jan SchakowskyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Schneider, Brad" Brad SchneiderDemocratic
data-sort-value="Foster, Bill" Bill FosterDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bost, Mike" Mike BostRepublican
data-sort-value="Davis, Rodney" Rodney DavisRepublican
data-sort-value="Underwood, Lauren" Lauren UnderwoodDemocratic
data-sort-value="Miller, Mary" Mary MillerRepublican
data-sort-value="Kinzinger, Adam" Adam KinzingerRepublican
data-sort-value="Bustos, Cheri" Cheri BustosDemocratic
data-sort-value="LaHood, Darin" Darin LaHoodRepublican
data-sort-value="Mrvan, Frank J." Frank J. MrvanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Walorski, Jackie" Jackie WalorskiRepublican
data-sort-value="Banks, Jim" Jim BanksRepublican
data-sort-value="Baird, Jim" Jim BairdRepublican
data-sort-value="Spartz, Victoria" Victoria SpartzRepublican
data-sort-value="Pence, Greg" Greg PenceRepublican
data-sort-value="Carson, André" André CarsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bucshon, Larry" Larry BucshonRepublican
data-sort-value="Hollingsworth, Trey" Trey HollingsworthRepublican
data-sort-value="Hinson, Ashley" Ashley HinsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Miller-Meeks, Mariannette" Mariannette Miller-MeeksRepublican
data-sort-value="Axne, Cindy" Cindy AxneDemocratic
data-sort-value="Feenstra, Randy" Randy FeenstraRepublican
data-sort-value="Mann, Tracey" Tracey MannRepublican
data-sort-value="LaTurner, Jake" Jake LaTurnerRepublican
data-sort-value="Davids, Sharice" Sharice DavidsDemocratic
data-sort-value="Estes, Ron" Ron EstesRepublican
data-sort-value="Comer, James" James ComerRepublican
data-sort-value="Guthrie, Brett" Brett GuthrieRepublican
data-sort-value="Yarmuth, John" John YarmuthDemocratic
data-sort-value="Massie, Thomas" Thomas MassieRepublican
data-sort-value="Rogers, Hal" Hal RogersRepublican
data-sort-value="Barr, Andy" Andy BarrRepublican
data-sort-value="Scalise, Steve" Steve ScaliseRepublican
data-sort-value="Richmond, Cedric" Cedric RichmondDemocratic
data-sort-value="Higgins, Clay" Clay HigginsRepublican
data-sort-value="Johnson, Mike" Mike JohnsonRepublican
data-sort-value="0" colspan=4 Vacant
data-sort-value="Graves, Garret" Garret GravesRepublican
data-sort-value="Pingree, Chellie" Chellie PingreeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Golden, Jared" Jared GoldenDemocratic
data-sort-value="Harris, Andy" Andy HarrisRepublican
data-sort-value="Ruppersberger, Dutch" Dutch RuppersbergerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Sarbanes, John" John SarbanesDemocratic
data-sort-value="Brown, Anthony" Anthony BrownDemocratic
data-sort-value="Hoyer, Steny" Steny HoyerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Trone, David" David TroneDemocratic
data-sort-value="Mfume, Kweisi" Kweisi MfumeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Raskin, Jamie" Jaime RaskinDemocratic
data-sort-value="Neal, Richard" Richard NealDemocratic
data-sort-value="McGovern, Jim" Jim McGovernDemocratic
data-sort-value="Trahan, Lori" Lori TrahanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Auchincloss, Jake" Jake AuchinclossDemocratic
data-sort-value="Clark, Katherine" Katherine ClarkDemocratic
data-sort-value="Moulton, Seth" Seth MoultonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Pressley, Ayanna" Ayanna PressleyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lynch, Stephen F." Stephen F. LynchDemocratic
data-sort-value="Keating, Bill" Bill KeatingDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bergman, Jack" Jack BergmanRepublican
data-sort-value="Huizenga, Bill" Bill HuizengaRepublican
data-sort-value="Meijer, Peter" Peter MeijerRepublican
data-sort-value="Moolenaar, John" John MoolenaarRepublican
data-sort-value="Kildee, Dan" Dan KildeeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Upton, Fred" Fred UptonRepublican
data-sort-value="Walberg, Tim" Tim WalbergRepublican
data-sort-value="Slotkin, Elissa" Elissa SlotkinDemocratic
data-sort-value="Levin, Andy" Andy LevinDemocratic
data-sort-value="McClain, Lisa" Lisa McClainRepublican
data-sort-value="Stevens, Haley" Haley StevensDemocratic
data-sort-value="Dingell, Debbie" Debbie DingellDemocratic
data-sort-value="Tlaib, Rashida" Rashida TlaibDemocratic
data-sort-value="Lawrence, Brenda" Brenda LawrenceDemocratic
data-sort-value="Hagedorn, Jim" Jim HagedornRepublican
data-sort-value="Craig, Angie" Angie CraigDemocratic
data-sort-value="Phillips, Dean" Dean PhillipsDemocratic
data-sort-value="McCollum, Betty" Betty McCollumDemocratic
data-sort-value="Omar, Ilhan" Ilhan OmarDemocratic
data-sort-value="Emmer, Tom" Tom EmmerRepublican
data-sort-value="Fischbach, Michelle" Michelle FischbachRepublican
data-sort-value="Stauber, Pete" Pete StauberRepublican
data-sort-value="Kelly, Trent" Trent KellyRepublican
data-sort-value="Thompson, Bennie" Bennie ThompsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Guest, Michael" Michael GuestRepublican
data-sort-value="Palazzo, Steven" Steven PalazzoRepublican
data-sort-value="Bush, Cori" Cori BushDemocratic
data-sort-value="Wagner, Ann" Ann WagnerRepublican
data-sort-value="Luetkemeyer, Blaine" Blaine LuetkemeyerRepublican
data-sort-value="Hartzler, Vicky" Vicky HartzlerRepublican
data-sort-value="Cleaver, Emanuel" Emanuel CleaverDemocratic
data-sort-value="Graves, Sam" Sam GravesRepublican
data-sort-value="Long, Billy" Billy LongRepublican
data-sort-value="Smith, Jason" Jason SmithRepublican
data-sort-value="Rosendale, Matt" Matt RosendaleRepublican
data-sort-value="Fortenberry, Jeff" Jeff FortenberryRepublican
data-sort-value="Bacon, Don" Don BaconRepublican
data-sort-value="Smith, Adrian" Adrian SmithRepublican
data-sort-value="Titus, Dina" Dina TitusDemocratic
data-sort-value="Amodei, Mark" Mark AmodeiRepublican
data-sort-value="Lee, Susie" Susie LeeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Horsford, Steven" Steven HorsfordDemocratic
data-sort-value="Pappas, Chris" Chris PappasDemocratic
data-sort-value="McLane Kuster, Ann" Ann McLane KusterDemocratic
data-sort-value="Norcross, Donald" Donald NorcrossDemocratic
data-sort-value="Van Drew, Jeff" Jeff Van DrewRepublican
data-sort-value="Kim, Andy" Andy KimDemocratic
data-sort-value="Smith, Chris" Chris SmithRepublican
data-sort-value="Gottheimer, Josh" Josh GottheimerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Pallone, Frank" Frank PalloneDemocratic
data-sort-value="Malinowski, Tom" Tom MalinowskiDemocratic
data-sort-value="Sires, Albio" Albio SiresDemocratic
data-sort-value="Pascrell, Bill" Bill PascrellDemocratic
data-sort-value="Payne Jr., Donald" Donald Payne Jr.Democratic
data-sort-value="Sherrill, Mikie" Mikie SherrillDemocratic
data-sort-value="Watson Coleman, Bonnie" Bonnie Watson ColemanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Haaland, Deb" Deb HaalandDemocratic
data-sort-value="Herrell, Yvette" Yvette HerrellRepublican
data-sort-value="Leger Fernandez, Teresa" Teresa Leger FernandezDemocratic
data-sort-value="Zeldin, Lee" Lee ZeldinRepublican
data-sort-value="Garbarino, Andrew" Andrew GarbarinoRepublican
data-sort-value="Suozzi, Thomas" Thomas SuozziDemocratic
data-sort-value="Rice, Kathleen" Kathleen RiceDemocratic
data-sort-value="Meeks, Gregory" Gregory MeeksDemocratic
data-sort-value="Meng, Grace" Grace MengDemocratic
data-sort-value="Velázquez, Nydia" Nydia VelázquezDemocratic
data-sort-value="Jeffries, Hakeem" Hakeem JeffriesDemocratic
data-sort-value="Clarke, Yvette" Yvette ClarkeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Nadler, Jerry" Jerry NadlerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Malliotakis, Nicole" Nicole MalliotakisRepublican
data-sort-value="Maloney, Carolyn" Carolyn MaloneyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Espaillat, Adriano" Adriano EspaillatDemocratic
data-sort-value="Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria" Alexandria Ocasio-CortezDemocratic
data-sort-value="Torres, Ritchie" Ritchie TorresDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bowman, Jamaal" Jamaal BowmanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Jones, Mondaire" Mondaire JonesDemocratic
data-sort-value="Maloney, Sean Patrick" Sean Patrick MaloneyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Delgado, Antonio" Antonio DelgadoDemocratic
data-sort-value="Tonko, Paul" Paul TonkoDemocratic
data-sort-value="Stefanik, Elise" Elise StefanikRepublican
data-sort-value="0" colspan=4 Vacant
data-sort-value="Reed, Tom" Tom ReedRepublican
data-sort-value="Katko, John" John KatkoRepublican
data-sort-value="Morelle, Joseph" Joseph MorelleDemocratic
data-sort-value="Higgins, Brian" Brian HigginsDemocratic
data-sort-value="Jacobs, Chris" Chris JacobsRepublican
data-sort-value="Butterfield, G. K." G. K. ButterfieldDemocratic
data-sort-value="Ross, Deborah K." Deborah K. RossDemocratic
data-sort-value="Murphy, Greg" Greg MurphyRepublican
data-sort-value="Price, David" David PriceDemocratic
data-sort-value="Foxx, Virginia" Virginia FoxxRepublican
data-sort-value="Manning, Kathy" Kathy ManningDemocratic
data-sort-value="Rouzer, David" David RouzerRepublican
data-sort-value="Hudson, Richard" Richard HudsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Bishop, Dan" Dan BishopRepublican
data-sort-value="McHenry, Patrick" Patrick McHenryRepublican
data-sort-value="Cawthorn, Madison" Madison CawthornRepublican
data-sort-value="Adams, Alma" Alma AdamsDemocratic
data-sort-value="Budd, Ted" Ted BuddRepublican
data-sort-value="Armstrong, Kelly" Kelly ArmstrongRepublican
data-sort-value="Chabot, Steve" Steve ChabotRepublican
data-sort-value="Wenstrup, Brad" Brad WenstrupRepublican
data-sort-value="Beatty, Joyce" Joyce BeattyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Jordan, Jim" Jim JordanRepublican
data-sort-value="Latta, Bob" Bob LattaRepublican
data-sort-value="Johnson, Bill" Bill JohnsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Gibbs, Bob" Bob GibbsRepublican
data-sort-value="Davidson, Warren" Warren DavidsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Kaptur, Marcy" Marcy KapturDemocratic
data-sort-value="Turner, Mike" Mike TurnerRepublican
data-sort-value="Fudge, Marcia" Marcia FudgeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Balderson, Troy" Troy BaldersonRepublican
data-sort-value="Ryan, Tim" Tim RyanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Joyce, David" David JoyceRepublican
data-sort-value="Stivers, Steve" Steve StiversRepublican
data-sort-value="Gonzalez, Anthony" Anthony GonzalezRepublican
data-sort-value="Hern, Kevin" Kevin HernRepublican
data-sort-value="Mullin, Markwayne" Markwayne MullinRepublican
data-sort-value="Lucas, Frank" Frank LucasRepublican
data-sort-value="Cole, Tom" Tom ColeRepublican
data-sort-value="Bice, Stephanie" Stephanie BiceRepublican
data-sort-value="Bonamici, Suzanne" Suzanne BonamiciDemocratic
data-sort-value="Bentz, Cliff" Cliff BentzRepublican
data-sort-value="Blumenauer, Earl" Earl BlumenauerDemocratic
data-sort-value="DeFazio, Peter" Peter DeFazioDemocratic
data-sort-value="Schrader, Kurt" Kurt SchraderDemocratic
data-sort-value="Fitzpatrick, Brian" Brian FitzpatrickRepublican
data-sort-value="Boyle, Brendan" Brendan BoyleDemocratic
data-sort-value="Evans, Dwight" Dwight EvansDemocratic
data-sort-value="Dean, Madeleine" Madeleine DeanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Scanlon, Mary Gay" Mary Gay ScanlonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Houlahan, Chrissy" Chrissy HoulahanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Wild, Susan" Susan WildDemocratic
data-sort-value="Cartwright, Matt" Matt CartwrightDemocratic
data-sort-value="Meuser, Dan" Dan MeuserRepublican
data-sort-value="Perry, Scott" Scott PerryRepublican
data-sort-value="Smucker, Lloyd" Lloyd SmuckerRepublican
data-sort-value="Keller, Fred" Fred KellerRepublican
data-sort-value="Joyce, John" John JoyceRepublican
data-sort-value="Reschenhaler, Guy" Guy ReschenthalerRepublican
data-sort-value="Thompson, Glenn" Glenn ThomposonRepublican
data-sort-value="Kelly, Mike" Mike KellyRepublican
data-sort-value="Lamb, Conor" Conor LambDemocratic
data-sort-value="Doyle, Mike" Mike DoyleDemocratic
data-sort-value="Cicilline, David" David CicillineDemocratic
data-sort-value="Langevin, James" James LangevinDemocratic
data-sort-value="Mace, Nancy" Nancy MaceRepublican
data-sort-value="Wilson, Joe" Joe WilsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Duncan, Jeff" Jeff DuncanRepublican
data-sort-value="Timmons, William" William TimmonsRepublican
data-sort-value="Norman, Ralph" Ralph NormanRepublican
data-sort-value="Clyburn, Jim" Jim ClyburnDemocratic
data-sort-value="Rice, Tom" Tom RiceRepublican
data-sort-value="Johnson, Dusty" Dusty JohnsonRepublican
data-sort-value="Harshbarger, Diana" Diana HarshbargerRepublican
data-sort-value="Burchett, Tim" Tim BurchettRepublican
data-sort-value="Fleischmann, Chuck" Chuck FleischmannRepublican
data-sort-value="DesJarlais, Scott" Scott DesJarlaisRepublican
data-sort-value="Cooper, Jim" Jim CooperDemocratic
data-sort-value="Rose, John" John RoseRepublican
data-sort-value="Green, Mark E." Mark E. GreenRepublican
data-sort-value="Kustoff, David" David KustoffRepublican
data-sort-value="Cohen, Steve" Steve CohenDemocratic
data-sort-value="Gohmert, Louie" Louie GohmertRepublican
data-sort-value="Crenshaw, Dan" Dan CrenshawRepublican
data-sort-value="Taylor, Van" Van TaylorRepublican
data-sort-value="Fallon, Pat" Pat FallonRepublican
data-sort-value="Gooden, Lance" Lance GoodenRepublican
data-sort-value="Wright, Ron" Ron WrightRepublican
data-sort-value="Fletcher, Lizzie Pannill" Lizzie Pannill FletcherDemocratic
data-sort-value="Brady, Kevin" Kevin BradyRepublican
data-sort-value="Green, Al" Al GreenDemocratic
data-sort-value="McCaul, Michael" Michael McCaulRepublican
data-sort-value="Pfluger, August" August PflugerRepublican
data-sort-value="Granger, Kay" Kay GrangerRepublican
data-sort-value="Jackson, Ronny" Ronny JacksonRepublican
data-sort-value="Weber, Randy" Randy WeberRepublican
data-sort-value="Gonzalez, Vicente" Vicente GonzalezDemocratic
data-sort-value="Escobar, Veronica" Veronica EscobarDemocratic
data-sort-value="Sessions, Pete" Pete SessionsRepublican
data-sort-value="Lee, Sheila Jackson" Sheila Jackson LeeDemocratic
data-sort-value="Arrington, Jodey" Jodey ArringtonRepublican
data-sort-value="Castro, Joaquin" Joaquin CastroDemocratic
data-sort-value="Roy, Chip" Chip RoyRepublican
data-sort-value="Nehls, Troy" Troy NehlsRepublican
data-sort-value="Gonzales, Tony" Tony GonzalesRepublican
data-sort-value="Duyne, Beth Van" Beth Van DuyneRepublican
data-sort-value="Williams, Roger" Roger WilliamsRepublican
data-sort-value="Burgess, Michael C." Michael C. BurgessRepublican
data-sort-value="Cloud, Michael" Michael CloudRepublican
data-sort-value="Cuellar, Henry" Henry CuellarDemocratic
data-sort-value="Garcia, Sylvia" Sylvia GarciaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Johnson, Eddie Bernice" Eddie Bernice JohnsonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Carter, John" John CarterRepublican
data-sort-value="Allred, Colin" Colin AllredDemocratic
data-sort-value="Veasey, Marc" Marc VeaseyDemocratic
data-sort-value="Vela Jr., Filemon" Filemon Vela Jr.Democratic
data-sort-value="Doggett, Lloyd" Lloyd DoggettDemocratic
data-sort-value="Babin, Brian" Brian BabinRepublican
data-sort-value="Moore, Blake" Blake MooreRepublican
data-sort-value="Stewart, Chris" Chris StewartRepublican
data-sort-value="Curtis, John" John CurtisRepublican
data-sort-value="Owens, Burgess" Burgess OwensRepublican
data-sort-value="Welch, Peter" Peter WelchDemocratic
data-sort-value="Wittmanb, Rob" Rob WittmanRepublican
data-sort-value="Luria, Elaine" Elaine LuriaDemocratic
data-sort-value="Scott, Bobby" Bobby ScottDemocratic
data-sort-value="McEachin, Donald" Donald McEachinDemocratic
data-sort-value="Good, Bob" Bob GoodRepublican
data-sort-value="Cline, Ben" Ben ClineRepublican
data-sort-value="Spanberger, Abigail" Abigail SpanbergerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Beyer, Don" Don BeyerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Griffith, Morgan" Morgan GriffithRepublican
data-sort-value="Wexton, Jennifer" Jennifer WextonDemocratic
data-sort-value="Connolly, Gerry" Gerry ConnollyDemocratic
data-sort-value="DelBene, Suzan" Suzan DelBeneDemocratic
data-sort-value="Larsen, Rick" Rick LarsenDemocratic
data-sort-value="Beutler, Jaime Herrera" Jaime Herrera BeutlerRepublican
data-sort-value="Newhouse, Dan" Dan NewhouseRepublican
data-sort-value="Rodgers, Cathy McMorris" Cathy McMorris RodgersRepublican
data-sort-value="Kilmer, Derek" Derek KilmerDemocratic
data-sort-value="Jayapal, Pramila" Pramila JayapalDemocratic
data-sort-value="Schrier, Kim" Kim SchrierDemocratic
data-sort-value="Smith, Adam" Adam SmithDemocratic
data-sort-value="Strickland, Marilyn" Marilyn StricklandDemocratic
data-sort-value="McKinley, David" David McKinleyRepublican
data-sort-value="Mooney, Alex" Alex MooneyRepublican
data-sort-value="Miller, Carol" Carol MillerRepublican
data-sort-value="Steil, Bryan" Bryan SteilRepublican
data-sort-value="Pocan, Mark" Mark PocanDemocratic
data-sort-value="Kind, Ron" Ron KindDemocratic
data-sort-value="Moore, Gwen" Gwen MooreDemocratic
data-sort-value="Fitzgerald, Scott" Scott FitzgeraldRepublican
data-sort-value="Grothman, Glenn" Glenn GrothmanRepublican
data-sort-value="Tiffany, Tom" Tom TiffanyRepublican
data-sort-value="Gallagher, Mike" Mike GallagherRepublican
data-sort-value="Cheney, Liz" Liz CheneyRepublican

Senate trial

Verdict in Senate
PartyArticle I (incitement of insurrection)
GuiltyNot guilty
(48)48
(50)43
Independent (2)
Total (100)5743
ResultNot guilty

Opinions

Support

In the aftermath of the attack, members of media and political organizations expressed support for Trump to be either impeached or removed through the methods outlined in the 25th Amendment. Any impeachment by the House of Representatives requires a trial and conviction in the Senate, with the concurrence of two-thirds of Senators present and voting needed to remove the President from office. During the impeachment and trial process, the President remains in office. On January 8, the extent of support among Senators for an impeachment process was unclear, particularly given the length of time necessary to organize a trial and the short duration remaining of Trump's presidency.[57] Poll aggregate website FiveThirtyEight said that roughly 85% of Democrats, 49% of Independents, and 16% of Republicans supported impeachment. The site also found roughly an 8% drop in Trump's approval ratings following the attack.[58] [59]

Federal elected officials

At least 200[60] [61] members of Congress called for Trump to be impeached or stripped of his powers and duties under the 25th Amendment.[62] Other House members, as well as several state officials, called for Trump's immediate removal by Congress under the 25th Amendment.[63] [64] [65] On January 6, four "senior Republican elected officials" told CNN that they believe Trump should be removed via the 25th Amendment, while two other Republican elected officials said Trump should be removed by impeachment. On January 11, 24 former Republican members of Congress came out in support of impeachment.[66]

House Democrats

The day of the attack, many House Democrats, including Seth Moulton, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and Katherine Clark, called for Trump's immediate impeachment and removal by Congress, or via the 25th Amendment.[63] [64] [62] [67] Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat, urged the removal of Trump via the 25th Amendment, and announced she was prepared to vote on articles of impeachment if this does not happen.[68] Pelosi said Trump is "a very dangerous person who should not continue in office".[69] In vowing to impeach Trump again if his cabinet does not remove him themselves, Pelosi said Trump "incited an armed insurrection against America" and that "the gleeful desecration of the U.S. Capitol, which is the temple of our American democracy, and the violence targeting Congress are horrors that will forever stain our nation's historyinstigated by the president."[70]

On January 6, Representatives Ted Lieu and Charlie Crist called on Vice President Mike Pence to remove Trump via the 25th Amendment.[71] [72]

House Republicans

The first House Republican to call outright for Trump's removal from office was Adam Kinzinger; he tweeted in favor of the 25th Amendment the day after the riot.[73] [74]

On January 8, CNN reported that two unnamed Republican members of the House said they would consider voting for impeachment. One said: "We experienced the attack; we don't need long hearings on what happened."[75] Subsequently, Kinzinger, as well as John Katko, Liz Cheney, Jaime Herrera Beutler, Fred Upton, and Dan Newhouse[76] indicated they would vote in favor of impeachment; other House Republicans that openly considered voting for impeachment included freshman Peter Meijer.[77] [78] [79] Anthony Gonzalez posted a statement expressing support for impeachment to Twitter during the vote.[80] Ultimately, ten Republicans voted to impeach, including Katko, Kinzinger, Upton, Beutler, Newhouse, Meijer, Cheney and Gonzalez, as well as David Valadao of California and Tom Rice of South Carolina.[81] Four Republicans did not vote. Liz Cheney released a strong statement in support of the impeachment, which was also prominently quoted in the closing argument by House majority leader Steny Hoyer, stating that "the president of the United States summoned this mob, assembled the mob, and lit the flame of this attack. Everything that followed was his doing. (...) There has never been a greater betrayal by a President of the United States of his office and his oath to the Constitution."[82] Later the Wyoming GOP demanded for Cheney, the third highest ranking Republican in the House, to resign from her post. She refused to do so, and corrected members of her state party who had said that the Capitol rioting was done by antifa and Black Lives Matter protesters.[83]

Senate Democrats

By January 7, Democrat Chuck Schumer, the Senate Minority Leader, had called for Trump's immediate removal from office,[84] as had many other Democratic members of the U.S. Senate, such as Elizabeth Warren, Tim Kaine, and Amy Klobuchar.

On Monday, January 11, Senator Joe Manchin (D-WV) said that he thought the plan to vote on impeachment that week was "ill-advised" since there was no path to conviction by the Senate. He said Congress could move forward with impeachment after the inauguration of President-elect Biden.[85]

Senate Republicans

On January 8, Republican senator Ben Sasse said he was willing to consider an impeachment because Trump had violated his oath of office.[86]

By January 9, no Republican senators were publicly calling for Trump's removal from office, according to CNN. However, two Republican senators have called for his voluntary resignation. On January 8, Republican senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska called on Trump to resign immediately, stating: "I want him out. He has caused enough damage."[87] [88] Murkowski suggested that she might declare herself an Independent, as, "if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump, I sincerely question whether this is the party for me."[89] Republican senator Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania stated on January 9 that he thinks President Trump "committed impeachable offenses" and that his Republican colleagues should be "soul searching" about their own involvement,[90] but he didn't say how he plans to vote if the matter comes to a Senate trial.[91] On January 10, Toomey said that "the best way for our country" would be for Trump "to resign and go away as soon as possible".[92]

After Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell acknowledged Biden's victory on December 15, Trump did not speak to McConnell for the remaining month of his presidency.[93] McConnell reportedly believed that Trump had committed impeachable crimes; on Trump's last full day in office, McConnell said that "the mob was fed lies" and that "they were provoked by the president."[94] While McConnell was also said to believe that an impeachment proceeding would make it easier for Republicans to purge Trump's influence from the party,[95] he nevertheless told fellow senators on January 13 that he had not yet decided whether he would vote to convict Trump and that he would listen to the arguments during the trial.[96] Furthermore, McConnell was unwilling to convene the Senate early to hold the trial,[97] entailing that Trump finished his presidential term.

State elected officials

Governors and lieutenant governors

After the attack, the following governors and lieutenant governors said that Trump should be removed from office:

Former governors

Administration positions

Federal employees

About 175 career diplomats in the State Department, mostly lawyers, called on Mike Pompeo to support consultations with other cabinet officials on possibly invoking the 25th Amendment to remove the president from office. The cable stated that the president's actions undermined U.S. foreign policy and democratic institutions.[113]

Former administration officials

Former Secretary of Homeland Security and White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly, who left Trump's Cabinet in 2019, said that if he had still been part of the administration during the attack, he would have supported Trump's removal from office.[114]

Historians, scholars, and commentators

More than 1,000 historians and constitutional scholars signed an open letter, posted online on January 11, 2021, calling for Trump to be impeached and removed from office.[115] [116] Additionally, the American Constitution Society published a statement signed by over 900 law professors calling for Congress to impeach and remove Trump from office, or for Vice President Pence and the Cabinet invoke the 25th Amendment.[117]

Yoni Appelbaum (The Atlantic), David French (Time), Austin Sarat, David Frum (The Atlantic),[118] Tom Nichols (USA Today), David Landau, Rosalind Dixon, and Bret Stephens (The New York Times) called for the impeachment of Trump the second time and for him to be disqualified from public office.[119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] Mary L. Trump, the President's niece, said she thought her uncle should be barred from ever running for office again.[125]

Several conservative commentators, including Meghan McCain, Rod Dreher, Daniel Larison (The American Conservative), John Podhoretz (Commentary), Tiana Lowe and Eddie Scarry (Washington Examiner) expressed their support for the impeachment and/or the invocation of the 25th Amendment to remove Trump from office.[126] [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] Matthew Continetti, writing in the National Review, also called for Trump's removal from office.[132] Fox News analyst Juan Williams wrote in The Hill, "Arrest the rioters; impeach Trump".[133]

Progressive commentators John Nichols (The Nation) and Matt Ford (The New Republic) also called for Trump to be impeached and permanently disqualified from public office.[134] [135]

Calling the attack an "act of sedition", The Washington Post editorial board wrote that Trump's "continued tenure in office poses a grave threat to U.S. democracy" as well as to public order and national security, and called for Pence to immediately begin the 25th Amendment process to declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" so that Pence could serve until Biden's inauguration on January 20.[136] In its first-ever staff editorial, The Dispatch stated that Trump "must be removed" for abusing his office, violating the public trust, and inciting "a violent attack on the Capitol and Congress".[137] The Financial Times editorial board called for Trump to be "held accountable for storming the Capitol".[138] The Wall Street Journal editorial board invited Trump to resign, calling his acts "impeachable" and saying that the President had "crossed a constitutional line that Mr. Trump hasn't previously crossed".[139]

Other organizations

The Lincoln Project, a political action committee formed by anti-Trump Republicans and former Republicans, called for the House of Representatives and the Senate to "immediately impeach Donald Trump for directing and provoking this attack".[140]

The National Association of Manufacturers also requested Pence to "seriously consider" invoking the 25th Amendment.[141]

Freedom House issued a press release calling for the immediate removal of President Trump, through resignation, the 25th Amendment, or impeachment.[142]

The American Civil Liberties Union called for Trump's impeachment for the second time.[143]

March for Science circulated an online petition calling for Trump to be removed immediately via the 25th Amendment.[144]

Crowell & Moring LLP, a large Washington, D.C., law firm, circulated a letter among the nation's largest law firms calling for Trump's removal under Section 4 of the Constitution's 25th Amendment. At least 18 other law firms, including DLA Piper, Foley Hoag, and Hanson Bridgett joined this call.[145] [146]

Opposition

Senators

On January 7, Senator Steve Daines (R-MT) said "These calls for impeachment I'm hearing -- I don't think they're helpful, and I think we should allow 13 days to move forward peacefully and prepare for this transition of power that's going to happen on Jan. 20."[147]

On January 8, Senator Lindsey Graham (R–SC) tweeted that impeachment "will do more harm than good".[148] In a follow-up tweet, he implied that Pelosi and Schumer wanted to impeach Trump because they were concerned about their own political survival.[149] Also, on January 11, Graham tweeted "It is past time for all of us to try to heal our country and move forward. Impeachment would be a major step backward."[150]

On January 11, three senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-MS) said "Let's get through the 10 days. He will leave the office and let's get on with things."[151] Senator John Hoeven (R-ND) said "We need to work together to heal the divisions in our nation and impeachment would instead serve to further divide our country."[152] Senator Rick Scott (R-FL) said "I'm not going to do what the Democrats are doing. I think we need to lower the rhetoric. We need to get some unity going."[153]

On January 12, Senator Tim Scott (R-SC) tweeted "An impeachment vote will only lead to more hate and a deeply fractured nation. I oppose impeaching President Trump."[154]

On January 13, seven senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Bill Hagerty (R-TN) said "At a time when the United States needs national healing and a true commitment to the rule of law, the American people should look to their legislators not to deepen partisan division, but to bring us together. There are seven days to go in the President's term, and he has fully committed to a peaceful transfer of power."[155] Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) said "Moving forward with impeachment at this juncture will only further divide our already hurting nation."[156] Senator Kevin Cramer (R-ND) said: "The president's rhetoric, while reckless, while at some level could be accused of inciting anger and inciting some bad behavior, it is also clear that the exact words that he used do not rise to, in my mind anyway, a criminal level of incitement as we would have to consider, in my view, in this process even as political as it is."[157] Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) said "To persist with impeachment now, with just days to go in the current administration, will further divide Americans and exacerbate tensions. Moving forward, it is my sincere hope Congress will work on a bipartisan basis to restore the confidence of the American people in our elections and affirm our shared commitment to the rule of law."[158] Senator Roger Wicker (R-MS) told the Meridian Star on Jan 13 that he opposes impeachment.[159] Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) said: "After January 20, Congress should get on with the people's business: improving our vaccination efforts, getting kids back to school, and getting workers back on the job."[160] Senator Tommy Tuberville (R-AL) said "We just need to go forward to help the people of this country and quit worrying about politics."[161]

On January 14, Senator Mike Rounds (R-SD) said "I think if the question is moot, I don't see a reason to convict."[162]

On January 19, three senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) said "If they proceed with the impeachment trial, I think that will further divide the country."[163] Senator John Thune (R-SD) said, "In my view, using a constitutional tool designed to remove the president from office after he has already left could further divide our country when we can least afford it."[164] Senator Roger Marshall (R-KS) said "Not only is it unconstitutional to impeach a President after he leaves office, I firmly believe an impeachment effort at this juncture will only raise already heated temperatures of the American public and further divide our country at a time when we should be focused on bringing the country together and moving forward. Whether it's getting the COVID-19 vaccine into the arms of all those who want and need it, boosting job recovery, or opening our economy back up to pre-pandemic levels, we have real work to do."[165]

On January 20, Senator John Boozman (R-AR) said "With [Trump] already being gone, impeachment would be a significant expense and waste of time."[166]

On January 21, five senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA) said "It's one thing, according to the constitution, to impeach a president, but can you impeach a citizen? Because now it's not President Trump, it's citizen Trump."[167] Senator Josh Hawley (R-MO) said "Democrats appear intent on weaponizing every tool at their disposal — including pushing an unconstitutional impeachment process — to further divide the country. Missourians will not be canceled by these partisan attacks."[168] Senator Mike Braun (R-IN) said "I think the key point is, is it constitutional to do this when somebody is out of office — and then, is it purely retribution when you try to push it forward."[169] Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) said "I believe an impeachment trial of a former president is unconstitutional and would set a very dangerous precedent."[170] Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) said ""It seems that Senate Democrats, the response they have to that is they want to start the new Congress the very first thing, with a vindictive and punitive impeachment trial,"[171]

On January 24, two senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator John Barrasso (R-WY) said Democrats were sending a message that "hatred and vitriol of Donald Trump are so strong" that they will hold a trial that stops Biden's policy priorities from moving.[172] Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) said "The first chance I get to vote to end this trial, I will do it, because I think it's really bad for America."[173]

On January 25, three senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Joni Ernst (R-IA) said "My concern right now is that the president is no longer in office. Congress would be opening itself to a dangerous standard of using impeachment as a tool for political revenge against a private citizen, and the only remedy at this point is to strip the convicted of their ability to run for future office – a move that would undoubtedly strip millions of voters of their ability to choose a candidate in the next election."[174] Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) tweeted "I object to this unconstitutional sham of an 'impeachment' trial and I will force a vote on whether the Senate can hold a trial of a private citizen."[175] Senator Richard Burr (R-NC) said "A charge like this should go to the Justice Department and be referred for prosecution. Unfortunately, that's not what they're doing," However, Burr ended up voting to convict Trump for the charges on incitement of insurrection.[176]

On January 26, eight senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator James Lankford (R-OK) said "This is not a trial; this is political theater. You cannot remove someone from the office who is already out of office. In this trial, there is no current President, no Chief Justice, and no possibility someone could be removed from office because they are not in any office. In a moment when our nation needs to unite, this trial will only create even deeper divisions."[177] Senator Jim Inhofe (R-OK) tweeted "Given that the penalty for impeachment shall be removed from office, my reading of the Constitution leads me to believe that the Founders did not intend for us to impeach former federal officeholders. I agree with @RandPaul that it's not constitutional to try a former president."[178] Senator John Kennedy (R-LA) said "Today, I voted to affirm that these impeachment proceedings are unconstitutional. Based on the information I have right now, I voted today and will vote again later in the impeachment trial to dismiss the impeachment proceedings against former President Trump."[179] Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) tweeted "This impeachment is nothing more than a partisan exercise designed to further divide the country. Democrats claim to want to unify the country but impeaching a former president, a private citizen, is the antithesis of unity."[180] Senator Richard Shelby (R-AL) told reporters he has "deep reservations whether they should be trying him at all."[181] Senator Roy Blunt (R-MO) tweeted that "I believe the constitutional purpose for presidential impeachment is to remove a president from office, not to punish a person after they have left office."[182] Senator Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV) said "My vote today to dismiss the article of impeachment is based on the fact that impeachment was designed to remove an officeholder from public office. The Constitution does not give Congress the power to impeach a private citizen. This charge is directed at an individual who no longer holds public office. I believe it is time we focus our attention and energies on the numerous challenges our country presently faces. Instead of taking a path of divisiveness, let us heed the call to unity that we have heard spoken so often over the past few weeks."[183] Senator Thom Tillis (R-NC) said "On January 6, I said voting to reject the states' electors was a dangerous precedent we should not set. Likewise, impeaching a former President who is now a private citizen would be equally unwise."[184]

Senators Jim Risch (R-ID) was among a group of Republican senators who have asked Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) how to prevent the Senate from even holding a trial.[185]

Others

Retired Harvard Law School professor Alan Dershowitz, who represented Trump during his first impeachment and had endorsed Biden for president in the 2020 election,[186] opposed another impeachment. He stated that Trump "has not committed a constitutionally impeachable offense" and that he "would be honored to once again defend the Constitution against partisan efforts to weaponize it for political purposes".[187]

George Washington University Law School professor Jonathan Turley wrote an op-ed in The Hill in which he argued that this new impeachment effort would "damage the constitution". While Turley condemns Trump's remarks, he stated that Trump's speech "would be viewed as a protected speech by the Supreme Court". He also noted that Trump "never actually called for violence or riots" and cited other remarks made by congressional Democrats the previous year that similarly encouraged protests that turned violent.[188]

Former National Security Advisor John Bolton called for Trump's resignation;[189] however, he argued against both invocation of the 25th Amendment and impeachment, saying that it was a "very bad idea", that the 25th Amendment was the "worst drafted" section of the Constitution, and would lead to "two competing presidencies" if invoked and challenged by Trump.[190]

As a counter to the push for impeachment, House Republicans introduced a resolution to censure Trump, sponsored by Brian Fitzpatrick with original cosponsors Tom Reed, Young Kim, John Curtis, Peter Meijer, and Fred Upton; Meijer and Upton announced they would also support impeachment.[191] [192] [193]

After the attack, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine said that impeachment was a poor idea, saying that "if that were to occur more people would be inflamed. There would be less trust in the whole system. We only got two more weeks and the next president will take place at 12 noon on January 20, two weeks to go and that will be it."[194]

On January 12, Trump described the impeachment charge as a "witch hunt" that was "causing tremendous anger" among his supporters.[195]

Public opinion polls

Public opinion polls of impeachment[196] !Pollster!Sample size!Pop!Margin of error!Support!Oppose!Date!Citation
YouGov1,448RV±3.3%50%42%Jan 6[197]
Ipsos500A±5.0%51%36%Jan 6[198]
The Hill/HarrisX964RV±3.16%49%51%Jan. 6–7[199]
Axios/Ipsos536A±4.6%51%49%Jan. 6–7[200]
Politico/Morning Consult1,986RV±2.0%44%43%Jan. 6–7[201]
Avalanche Insights2,009A58%34%Jan 7[202]
PBS/Marist875A±4.8%48%49%Jan 7[203]
831RV±4.9%49%48%
HuffPost/YouGov1,000RV±4.1%47%41%Jan. 6–8[204]
Change Research1,116LV±3.4%51%47%Jan. 7–8[205]
ABC/Ipsos570A±4.7%56%43%Jan. 8–9[206]
Quinnipiac University1,239RV±2.8%52%45%Jan. 7–10 [207]
Data for Progress1,129LV±2.9%53%43%Jan. 9–10[208]
Vox/Data for Progress1,233LV±2.8%52%46%Jan. 8–11[209]
Navigator Research1,000RV53%40%Jan. 8–11[210]
Politico/Morning Consult1,996RV±2.0%52%41%Jan. 8–11[211]
RV = registered voters, LV = likely voters, A = all adults.

See also

External links

Notes and References

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  30. Web site: CBS News Report: Cabinet members discuss invoking 25th Amendment to remove President Trump. January 6, 2021. KWCH-DT. January 7, 2021. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107025710/https://www.kwch.com/2021/01/07/cbs-news-report-cabinet-members-discuss-invoking-25th-amendment-to-remove-president-trump/. live.
  31. News: R.I.'s Cicilline leads call to invoke the 25th Amendment and remove Trump from office . Lylah . Alphonse . . January 6, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107162145/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/01/06/metro/ris-cicilline-leads-call-pence-invoke-25th-amendment-remove-trump-office/ . live .
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  33. Web site: Forgey. Quint. 'They are running away': Clyburn blasts DeVos, Chao for resigning without invoking 25th Amendment. January 8, 2021. January 9, 2021. Politico. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108234410/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/08/clyburn-devos-chao-resigning-before-invoking-25th-amendment-456454. live.
  34. Web site: Stratford. Michael. DeVos resigned after believing 25th Amendment was off the table. January 9, 2021. Politico. January 8, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108203207/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/08/devos-resignation-trump-rioters-456574. live.
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  36. News: January 12, 2021 . READ: Mike Pence's letter to Nancy Pelosi saying he won't invoke 25th Amendment . . live . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113090815/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/12/politics/pence-letter/index.html . January 13, 2021.
  37. Web site: The House Just Passed a Resolution Calling on Mike Pence to Invoke the 25th Amendment . January 12, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . . Li . Zhou . Ella . Nilsen . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113153436/https://www.vox.com/2021/1/12/22225224/house-25th-amendment-resolution-pence-impeachment . live .
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  41. News: January 7, 2021. Rep. Ilhan Omar Unveils Articles Of Impeachment Against President Trump, Rep. Betty McCollum Calls To Invoke 25th. CBS Minnesota. live. January 13, 2021. January 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110035936/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2021/01/07/rep-ilhan-omar-unveils-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump/.
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  45. News: Cicilline. David. January 8, 2021. Read: House Democrats' draft of a new article of impeachment against Trump. January 8, 2021. CNN. January 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109215351/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/08/politics/trump-article-of-impeachment-draft/index.html. live.
  46. Cicilline. David. davidcicilline. 1347228936594477057. January 7, 2021. NEW: I am circulating Articles of Impeachment that @RepTedLieu, @RepRaskin and I have prepared to remove the President from office following yesterday's attack on the U.S. Capitol..
  47. Cicilline. David. davidcicilline. 1347349404605407236. January 7, 2021. In less than 12 hours, more than 110 colleagues have signed on to support the articles of impeachment that @RepTedLieu, @RepRaskin, and I authored. It is critical that we remove this president from office as soon as possible..
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  53. News: House to vote Wednesday as Pelosi gets the votes to impeach Trump. Kyle. Cheney. Politico. January 11, 2021. January 13, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113231513/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/11/house-trump-impeachment-457440. live.
  54. News: January 12, 2021. Cristina. Marcos. Pelosi names 9 impeachment managers. The Hill. January 13, 2021. January 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192401/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/533960-pelosi-names-9-impeachment-managers. live.
  55. News: Pelosi names nine Democrats to lead the impeachment effort. Luke. Broadwater. Emily. Cochrane. The New York Times. January 12, 2021. January 14, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113052410/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/pelosi-impeachment-managers.html. live.
  56. Web site: Washington . U. S. Capitol Room H154 . Roll Call 17, Bill Number: H. Res. 24, 117th Congress, 1st Session . Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives . January 13, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113221030/https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202117 . live .
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  60. Web site: Kamisar. Ben. Brown-Kaiser. Liz. Holzberg. Melissa. Demaria. Ed. January 7, 2021. Over 200 lawmakers are calling for President Trump's removal. Here's who they are. January 7, 2021. NBC News. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107223515/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/over-100-lawmakers-are-calling-president-trump-s-removal-here-n1253309. live.
  61. News: Fram. Alan. Jaffe. Alexandra. January 7, 2021. Growing Number of Political, Business Leaders Call for Trump's Removal. January 7, 2021. NBC Chicago. Associated Press. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230647/https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/national-international/top-senate-dem-schumer-latest-to-call-on-cabinet-to-remove-trump-from-office/2410488/. live.
  62. News: Connolly. Griffin. January 6, 2021. Ilhan Omar drawing up impeachment articles as seven Dems call for Trump's removal. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106225134/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election-2020/trump-impeachment-ilhan-omar-us-capitol-b1783535.html. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021. The Independent.
  63. Web site: Bensadoun. Emerald. Boynton. Sean. January 6, 2021. Trump tells protesters who stormed the U.S. Capitol building to 'go home'. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230030/https://globalnews.ca/news/7558598/us-election-congress-biden-win-trump/. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021. Global News.
  64. Web site: Reilly. Adam. January 6, 2021. Pressley, Moulton Call For Trump's Removal After Extremists Overrun U.S. Capitol. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106222934/https://www.wgbh.org/news/politics/2021/01/06/markey-congress-will-overwhelmingly-reject-treasonous-challenge-to-bidens-win. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021. WGBH.
  65. News: Warren. Michael. Gangel. Jamie. Acosta. Jim. January 6, 2021. Angry Republican leaders float removing Trump from office. January 7, 2021. CNN. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107083037/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/trump-capitol-impeachment-25-amendment/index.html. live.
  66. Web site: January 11, 2021. 23 Former GOP Lawmakers: Put Country over Party and Impeach President Trump. Project On Government Oversignt. January 11, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113000203/https://www.pogo.org/letter/2021/01/former-gop-lawmakers-put-country-over-party-and-impeach-president-trump/. live.
  67. Web site: Otterbein. Holly. Barrón-López. Laura. January 6, 2021. Rising number of Democrats call for Trump impeachment. January 7, 2021. Politico. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107045538/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/06/trump-impeachment-capitol-riots-455693. live.
  68. Web site: Bohan . Caren . Fritze . John . King . Ledyard . Johnson . Kevin . Bailey . Phillip M. . Wu . Nicholas Wu . Hayes . Christal . Joey . Garrison . Jansen . Bart . Politics live updates: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi calls for Trump's removal from office using 25th Amendment . . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230612/https://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/politics/2021/01/07/pelosi-joins-calls-removal-president-trump-25th-amendment/6586065002/ . live .
  69. Web site: Members of Trump Cabinet discussing invoking 25th Amendment: Sources . John . Santucci . Katherine . Faulders . Emily . Shapiro . Jonathan . Karl . Benjamin . Siegel . January 7, 2021 . ABC News . January 7, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020659/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/lawmakers-call-trumps-impeachment-wake-capitol-hill-violence/story?id=75097032 . live .
  70. Web site: Pelosi vows to impeach Trump again — if Pence doesn't remove him first. Brandon. Conradis. January 7, 2021. The Hill. January 7, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020758/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/533180-pelosi-trump-should-be-removed-immediately. live.
  71. News: Ting . Eric . January 6, 2021 . After Trump supporters storm Capitol, Rep. Ted Lieu calls for Trump's immediate removal from office . . January 6, 2021 . January 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230033/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Capitol-Trump-supporters-Ted-Lieu-Congress-impeach-15850750.php . live .
  72. News: Contorno . Steve . January 6, 2021 . Charlie Crist: Remove Donald Trump from office by invoking 25th Amendment . . January 6, 2021 . January 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106232350/https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2021/01/06/charlie-crist-remove-donald-trump-from-office-by-invoking-25th-amendment/ . live .
  73. News: Wagner . Meg . Mahtani . Melissa . Hayes . Mike . Republican congressman calls for Trump to be removed from office . . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107183717/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/washington-dc-election-riots/h_eb92ea382dc16554052b1e72991d9811 . live .
  74. News: January 9, 2021. These are the members calling for impeachment or the 25th Amendment to be invoked. January 9, 2021. CNN. January 8, 2021. Capitol Hill team. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108184938/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/politics/list-lawmakers-trump-removal-congress/index.html. live.
  75. Web site: Wagner. Meg. Macaya. Melissa. January 8, 2021. Some Republicans will consider voting for second Trump impeachment. January 8, 2021. CNN. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230651/https://edition.cnn.com/politics/live-news/washington-dc-riots-trump-news-friday/h_b1d1b557d6a55bd3391e60e39ffffd69. live.
  76. Newhouse . Dan . Dan Newhouse . RepNewhouse . 1349424165653274624 . January 13, 2021 . My full statement on the House impeachment vote: https://t.co/X74Sgq1Nqu . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121095049/https://twitter.com/RepNewhouse/status/1349424165653274624 . January 21, 2021 . live.
  77. News: LeBlanc. Paul. January 11, 2021. GOP lawmaker 'strongly considering' impeachment: Trump is 'no longer qualified to hold that office'. January 12, 2021. CNN. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113000220/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/11/politics/peter-meijer-trump-impeachment-cnntv/index.html. live.
  78. Web site: Growing Number of GOP Lawmakers Say They Support Impeachment . January 12, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . . Juliegrace . Brufke . January 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192344/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/533965-growing-number-of-gop-lawmakers-say-they-support-impeachment . live .
  79. News: Eligon. John. January 13, 2021. These Are the Republicans Who Say They Support Impeaching Trump. The New York Times. January 13, 2021. 0362-4331. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113021047/https://www.nytimes.com/article/republicans-impeaching-donald-trump.html. live.
  80. Gonzalez . Anthony . RepAGonzalez . 1349461350456717312 . January 13, 2021 . See my full statement on impeachment below. https://t.co/pBBYRI2RUP . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210130111453/https://twitter.com/repagonzalez/status/1349461350456717312 . January 30, 2021 . live.
  81. News: The House, with some G.O.P. support, impeaches Trump for 'incitement of insurrection,' setting up a Senate trial.. January 13, 2021. The New York Times.
  82. News: McConnell Privately Backs Impeachment as House Moves to Charge Trump . January 15, 2021 . . January 13, 2021 . January 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114203342/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/politics/mcconnell-backs-trump-impeachment.html . live . Martin . Jonathan . Haberman . Maggie . Fandos . Nicholas .
  83. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/feb/7/liz-cheney-says-she-wont-resign-after-wyoming-gop-/ Liz Cheney says she won't resign after Wyoming GOP calls for her to step down
  84. Web site: Pramuk. Jacob. January 7, 2021. Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer calls for Trump's immediate removal from office. January 7, 2021. CNBC. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020746/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/07/chuck-schumer-calls-for-trumps-removal-from-office.html. live.
  85. News: Carney. Jordain. January 11, 2021. Manchin: House impeachment plan 'ill-advised'. The Hill. January 11, 2021.
  86. Web site: Swanson. Ian. January 8, 2021. Sasse says he'd consider impeaching Trump. January 8, 2021. The Hill. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230608/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/533302-sasse-says-hed-consider-impeaching-trump. live.
  87. News: Wise. Alana. January 8, 2021. 'I Want Him Out': Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski Of Alaska Calls For Trump To Resign. NPR. January 11, 2021. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111000123/https://www.npr.org/sections/congress-electoral-college-tally-live-updates/2021/01/08/955043187/i-want-him-out-alaska-republican-sen-lisa-murkowski-calls-for-trump-to-resign. live.
  88. News: Da Silva . Chantal . Chantal Da Silva . Zoellner . Danielle . January 9, 2021 . Trump banned from Twitter, enraging Republicans . . live . January 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210110102954/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-latest-impeachment-twitter-ban-capitol-riot-arrests-b1785040.html . January 10, 2021.
  89. Web site: Brooks. James. January 8, 2021. Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski calls on President Trump to resign, questions her future as a Republican. January 9, 2021. Anchorage Daily News. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108215519/https://www.adn.com/politics/2021/01/08/alaska-sen-lisa-murkowski-calls-on-president-trump-to-resign-questions-her-future-as-a-republican/. live.
  90. Web site: Bolton. Alexander. January 9, 2021. GOP senator: Trump 'committed impeachable offenses'. January 9, 2021. The Hill. January 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109230216/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/533498-gop-sen-toomey-trump-committed-impeachable-offenses. live.
  91. News: Sullivan. Kate. Robertson. Nicky. January 9, 2021. Republican Sen. Pat Toomey says he thinks Trump 'committed impeachable offenses'. January 10, 2021. CNN. January 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192401/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/09/politics/pat-toomey-trump-impeachable-offenses/index.html. live.
  92. Web site: Golgowski. Nina. January 10, 2021. Republican Sen. Pat Toomey Says Trump Should Resign. January 10, 2021. HuffPost. January 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110185252/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pat-toomey-says-trump-should-resign_n_5ffb16c6c5b691806c4a0f2f. live.
  93. Web site: Raju. Manu. January 30, 2021. Senate Republicans say Trump should be held accountable for riot -- but not by them. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185549/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/29/politics/senate-republicans-trump-impeachment-capitol-riot/index.html. February 9, 2021. January 30, 2021. CNN.
  94. News: 'Mob was fed lies': Mitch McConnell accuses Trump of 'provoking' riot. SMH. January 19, 2021. January 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210119182328/https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/mob-was-fed-lies-mitch-mcconnell-accuses-trump-of-provoking-riot-20210120-p56vew.html. live.
  95. News: Martin. Jonathan. Haberman. Maggie. January 12, 2021. McConnell is said to be pleased about impeachment, believing it will be easier to purge Trump from the G.O.P.. The New York Times. live. January 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112234938/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/mitch-mcconnell-trump-impeachment.html. January 12, 2021.
  96. Web site: Wagner. Meg. Macaya. Melissa. Hayes. Mike. Mahtani. Melissa. Alfonso. Fernando III. Rocha. Veronica. January 13, 2021. McConnell says he has 'not made a final decision' on how he will vote on impeachment. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192328/https://edition.cnn.com/politics/live-news/house-trump-impeachment-vote-01-13-21/h_71e1787e59fd03405cd913d1124c0acc. January 14, 2021. January 13, 2021. CNN.
  97. Web site: Wagner. Meg. Melissa. Macaya. Mike. Hayes. Melissa. Mahtani. January 13, 2021. McConnell won't have an early Senate trial. January 13, 2021. CNN.
  98. News: Gavin Newsom 'all for' impeaching Trump; California Assembly urges president's ouster. San Francisco Chronicle. January 11, 2021. Gardiner. Dustin. Koseff. Alexei. January 13, 2021. January 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114042047/https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Gavin-Newsom-all-for-impeaching-Trump-but-15862349.php. live.
  99. Web site: Millitzer. Joe. January 6, 2021. 'Donald Trump has incited a violent coup attempt' Illinois Gov. Pritzker on DC demonstrations. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235745/https://fox2now.com/news/politics/donald-trump-has-incited-a-violent-coup-attempt-illinois-gov-pritzker-on-dc-demonstrations/. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021. KTVI.
  100. Web site: Gov. Hogan Describes Delayed Permission to Send Maryland National Guard. January 8, 2021. Brian. Witte. January 8, 2021. NBC4 Washington. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230609/https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/gov-hogan-describes-delayed-permission-to-send-maryland-national-guard/2533670/. live.
  101. Web site: Byrne. Deirdre. January 6, 2021. Lt. Gov. Boyd Rutherford: 'Impeachable Offense to Incite Violence'. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230033/https://www.mymcmedia.org/lt-gov-boyd-rutherford-impeachable-offense-to-incite-violence/. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021. Montgomery Community Media.
  102. Web site: Lonas. Lexi. January 7, 2021. GOP Massachusetts governor says Trump should be removed from office. The Hill. January 8, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230611/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/533235-massachusetts-gop-governor-says-trump-should-be-removed-from-office. live.
  103. Web site: Reisman. Nick. January 8, 2021. Cuomo: Trump Should Resign or be Impeached. January 8, 2021. spectrumlocalnews.com. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230613/https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/ny-state-of-politics/2021/01/08/cuomo--trump-should-resign-or-be-impeached. live.
  104. Web site: Moran. Rob. Tornoe. Robert. January 11, 2021. Washington Monument closed due to threats as U.S. House moves to impeach Trump. January 11, 2021. inquirer.com. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111212705/https://www.inquirer.com/politics/live/house-impeachment-trump-pelosi-capitol-riot-20210111.html. live.
  105. Web site: January 7, 2021. 'This president has betrayed our country': Gov. Cooper joins NC Democrats call to remove President Trump from office. January 8, 2021. ABC11 Raleigh-Durham. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230632/https://abc11.com/roy-cooper-gov-trump-impeachment-25th-amendment/9442949/. live.
  106. Web site: Gov. Tom Wolf weighs in on President Trump's impeachment. January 15, 2021.
  107. Web site: Caswell. Abi. January 6, 2021. Governor Scott: "President Trump should resign or be removed from office", other Vermont officials react to U.S. Capitol riots. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235806/https://www.mychamplainvalley.com/news/governor-scott-president-trump-should-resign-or-be-removed-from-office/. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021. mychamplainvalley.com.
  108. News: 'The sooner he is out, the better' tweets Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam on President Trump . Jeff . Williamson . . January 7, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230728/https://www.wsls.com/news/local/2021/01/07/the-sooner-he-is-out-the-better-tweets-virginia-gov-ralph-northam-on-president-trump/ . live .
  109. News: Jim . Brunner . Gov. Jay Inslee joins Washington state's congressional Democrats in calling for Trump's ouster . . January 7, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111084410/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/washington-gov-jay-inslee-joins-congressional-democrats-calling-for-trumps-ouster/ . live .
  110. Web site: Caina Calvan. Bobby. January 10, 2021. Arnold Schwarzenegger compares US Capitol mob to Nazis. Associated Press. January 11, 2021. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111051152/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-media-arnold-schwarzenegger-capitol-siege-7f4b710a5b4dd8e49f26980364c539a0. live.
  111. Web site: Harvey. Josephine. January 10, 2021. Chris Christie: If Inciting Insurrection Isn't Impeachable, 'I Don't Know What Is'. January 11, 2021. HuffPost. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111103631/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/chris-christie-impeach-trump_n_5ffb6c36c5b66f3f795efffb. live.
  112. Web site: Garofoli. Joe. January 21, 2020 . Trump's GOP Foe Bill Weld Favors Impeachment. January 12, 2021. San Francisco Chronicle. January 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115003214/https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Trump-s-GOP-foe-Bill-Weld-favors-impeachment-14992727.php. live.
  113. News: Gramer . Robbie . Detsch . Jack . Group of State Department Officials Call for Consultations on Trump's Removal . January 10, 2021 . Foreign Policy . January 9, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210110000638/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/09/state-department-employees-urge-pompeo-consultations-trump-removal-from-office-capitol-hill-violence-transition-biden-administration-dissent-cable/ . live .
  114. News: Choi. Matthew. January 7, 2021. John Kelly: I would vote to remove Trump. Politico. January 7, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230613/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/07/john-kelly-remove-trump-456081. live.
  115. Web site: Jennifer Schuessler. Hundreds of Historians Join Call for Trump's Impeachment. The New York Times. January 12, 2021.
  116. News: Historians and Constitutional Scholars' Statement on the Second Impeachment of President Donald Trump. Medium.com. January 11, 2021. January 13, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113155158/https://legalscholarsonimpeachment.medium.com/historians-and-constitutional-scholars-statement-on-the-second-impeachment-of-president-donald-51a9a8dab61e. live.
  117. Web site: January 7, 2021. Statement of Law Professors Calling on the Immediate Removal of Trump from Office ACS. January 15, 2021. en-US. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111232921/https://www.acslaw.org/inbrief/statement-of-law-professors-calling-on-the-immediate-removal-of-trump-from-office/. live.
  118. News: Remove Trump Tonight. The Atlantic. David. Frum. January 6, 2021. January 10, 2021. January 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022839/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/remove-trump-tonight/617576/. live.
  119. News: Appelbaum. Yoni. Impeach Trump Again. The Atlantic. January 6, 2021. January 7, 2021. 1072-7825. January 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224401/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/impeach-trump-again/617573/. live.
  120. Web site: Sarat. Austin. Congress should impeach Trump again and bar him from holding any future public office. January 4, 2021. January 7, 2021. USA Today. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230640/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/01/04/impeach-trump-on-his-way-out-bar-him-from-future-office-column/4125422001/. live.
  121. News: We Must Impeach Donald Trump Again. And His Seditious Congressional Allies Must Be Removed . January 6, 2021 . David . French . January 7, 2021 . Time . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230746/https://time.com/5927034/impeach-donald-trump-again/ . live .
  122. News: Landau. David. Dixon. Rosalind. January 7, 2021. Opinion: Why Trump Must Be Removed and Disqualified From Public Office. The New York Times. January 7, 2021. 0362-4331. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230652/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/opinion/trump-25th-amendment-impeachment.html. live.
  123. News: Stephens. Bret. January 7, 2021. Opinion: Impeach and Convict. Right Now.. The New York Times. January 7, 2021. 0362-4331. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230646/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/opinion/impeach-trump.html. live.
  124. Web site: Nichols. Tom. Trump is a danger to his own country. He shouldn't be president for one more minute.. January 6, 2021. January 7, 2021. USA Today. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230647/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/01/06/impeach-remove-trump-now-too-dangerous-to-stay-president-column/6148619002/. live.
  125. News: President Trump's niece, Mary Trump, says he should be 'barred from ever running for public office again' . Jordan . Freiman . January 11, 2021 . . January 11, 2021 . January 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192351/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mary-trump-says-president-trump-should-be-barred-from-ever-running-for-public-office-again/?ftag=CNM-00-10aab6a&linkId=108927723 . live .
  126. Web site: Mastrangelo. Dominick. January 7, 2021. Meghan McCain calls on Republicans to invoke the 25th Amendment. January 7, 2021. The Hill. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230647/https://thehill.com/homenews/533129-meghan-mccain-calls-on-republicans-to-invoke-the-25th-amendment. live.
  127. Dreher. Rod. Rod Dreher. January 6, 2021. Trump's Weimar America. live. The American Conservative. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106232407/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/trump-weimar-america-maga-mob-capitol/. January 6, 2021. January 6, 2021.
  128. Podhoretz. John. John Podhoretz. January 6, 2021. Donald Trump Should Be Impeached and Removed from Office Tomorrow. Commentary. January 6, 2021. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034003/https://www.commentarymagazine.com/john-podhoretz/donald-trump-should-be-impeached-and-removed-from-office-tomorrow/. live.
  129. Larison . Daniel . January 6, 2021 . Remove Trump from Office . . January 6, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107004906/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/remove-trump-from-office/ . live .
  130. Web site: January 6, 2021. Impeach and remove Trump. Tiana. Lowe. January 7, 2021. Washington Examiner. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230719/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/impeach-and-remove-trump. live.
  131. Web site: January 7, 2021. There's no point in Trump waiting until Jan. 20 to leave office. Eddie. Scarry. January 7, 2021. Washington Examiner. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230749/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/theres-no-point-in-trump-waiting-until-january-20-to-leave-office. live.
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  136. News: . Trump caused the assault on the Capitol. He must be removed. . . January 6, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107011006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/remove-trump-incitement-sedition-25th-amendment/2021/01/06/b22c6ad4-506d-11eb-b96e-0e54447b23a1_story.html . live .
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  141. News: Novet. Jordan. January 6, 2021. U.S. trade group asks VP Pence to 'seriously consider' invoking 25th Amendment to remove Trump. CNBC. live. January 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230110/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/national-association-of-manufacturers-calls-dc-protests-sedition.html. January 6, 2021.
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  143. News: ACLU Again Calls for Impeachment of President Trump ACLU of Northern CA . January 10, 2021 . aclunc.org . ACLU NorCal . January 10, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111040228/https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-again-calls-impeachment-president-trump . live .
  144. News: Wessel . Lindzi . Science advocacy groups join calls for Trump's removal . January 10, 2021 . Science AAAS . January 8, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210110074024/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/01/science-advocacy-groups-join-calls-trump-s-removal . live .
  145. News: Law firm seeks support in call for President Trump's ouster. Tom. Krisher. Stan. Choe. Associated Press. January 7, 2021. January 13, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108201912/https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-us-news-cabinets-michael-pence-b08acc92d9aaf4b4a9fb6433a7499aef. live.
  146. News: 18 law firms join Crowell & Moring in calling for Trump's removal; NYC bar also seeks ouster. Debra Cassens Weiss. January 11, 2021. ABA Journal. January 13, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113220906/https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/18-law-firms-join-crowell-moring-in-calling-for-trumps-removal-nyc-bar-also-seeks-ouster. live.
  147. Web site: Senators react to call for impeachment; Daines recounts Capitol scene, addresses criticism. Maritsa. Georgiou. January 7, 2021. KECI. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185542/https://nbcmontana.com/news/local/senators-react-to-calls-for-impeachment-daines-recounts-capitol-scene-addresses-criticis. live.
  148. Graham . Lindsey . Lindsey Graham . LindseyGrahamSC . 1347568532951867392 . January 8, 2021 . As President @realDonaldTrump stated last night, it is time to heal and move on. If Speaker Pelosi pushes impeachment in the last days of the Trump presidency it will do more harm than good. I’m hopeful President-elect Biden sees the damage that would be done from such action. . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122102110/https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/1347568532951867392 . January 22, 2021 . live.
  149. Graham . Lindsey . Lindsey Graham . LindseyGrahamSC . 1347568806307258368 . January 8, 2021 . @realDonaldTrump Speaker Pelosi is hanging by a political thread, and Senator Schumer lives in fear of a primary from the radical left. It is up to President-elect Biden to step in and allow the nation to heal. . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122102115/https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/1347568806307258368 . January 22, 2021 . live.
  150. Graham . Lindsey . Lindsey Graham . LindseyGrahamSC . 1348732263958257668 . January 11, 2021 . I’m disappointed to hear the House is proceeding with a second impeachment given there are only nine days left in a Trump presidency. It is past time for all of us to try to heal our country and move forward. Impeachment would be a major step backward. . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122001930/https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/1348732263958257668 . January 22, 2021 . live.
  151. Web site: Hyde-Smith calls mob that attacked U.S. Capitol 'criminals'. Angela. Williams. January 12, 2021. www.wapt.com.
  152. Web site: Impeachment efforts could continue even after President Trump is out of office. Morgan. Benth. www.kfyrtv.com. January 11, 2021 .
  153. Web site: 'Get some unity going': Rick Scott says impeachment won't bring America together. A. G.. Gancarski. January 11, 2021. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185514/https://floridapolitics.com/archives/393920-rick-scott-impeach. live.
  154. Web site: Altman-Devilbiss. Alexx. January 13, 2021. 'Will only lead to more hate:' Sen. Tim Scott opposes Trump impeachment. January 13, 2021. WPDE. January 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192332/https://wpde.com/news/local/will-only-lead-to-more-hate-sen-tim-scott-opposes-trump-impeachment. live.
  155. Web site: TN Senators Blackburn and Hagerty speak out on House impeachment hearings. January 13, 2021. WTVC.
  156. Web site: Cheney votes to impeach Trump, drawing some local, D.C. pushback. Tom Coulter | Wyoming Tribune. Eagle. Wyoming Tribune Eagle. January 13, 2021 .
  157. Web site: 'I don't know that McConnell has a lot of power,' says GOP senator on impeachment vote. Emily. DeCiccio. January 14, 2021. CNBC.
  158. Web site: Sen. Marsha Blackburn says persisting with impeachment will 'further divide Americans'. Jordan. Whittington. January 13, 2021. WZTV.
  159. Web site: Trump impeached for second time; Mississippi House Republicans stick with president. Bobby Harrison Mississippi. Today. Meridian Star. January 13, 2021 . January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185538/https://www.meridianstar.com/news/nation_and_world/trump-impeached-for-second-time-mississippi-house-republicans-stick-with-president/article_c408595f-3dc8-5187-b750-f909709ab243.html. live.
  160. Web site: Cotton Statement on Senate Impeachment Proceedings | U.S. Senator Cotton of Arkansas. www.cotton.senate.gov. January 14, 2021. January 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192340/https://www.cotton.senate.gov/news/press-releases/cotton-statement-on-senate-impeachment-proceedings. live.
  161. Web site: U.S. Senator Tommy Tuberville talks about U.S. Space Command, impeachment, and more. Tiffany. Thompson. www.waff.com. January 14, 2021 . January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185515/https://www.waff.com/2021/01/14/senator-tommy-tuberville-talks-about-us-space-command-impeachment-more/. live.
  162. Web site: Rounds: Impeachment trial of Trump is 'moot,' doesn't see reason to convict. Associated Press. Argus Leader. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185550/https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2021/01/14/sen-mike-rounds-says-impeachment-president-trial-trump-moot/4167271001/. live.
  163. Web site: Pelosi Responds to Claims that Trump Impeachment Goes Against Calls for "Unity". Chris. Walker. Truthout. January 21, 2021 .
  164. Web site: Thune: Impeachment trial would further divide country. Jonathan. Ellis. Argus Leader. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185516/https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2021/01/19/thune-impeachment-trial-would-further-divide-country/4213089001/. live.
  165. Web site: Senator Marshall Statement on Impeachment Proceedings » Senator Roger Marshall.
  166. Web site: State sends governor, lawmakers to observe inauguration. January 21, 2021. Arkansas Online. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185539/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/jan/21/state-sends-governor-lawmakers-to-observe/. live.
  167. Web site: Iowa's U.S. senators question the constitutionality of impeachment trial. Caleb. McCullough. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185543/https://dailyiowan.com/2021/01/21/iowas-u-s-senators-question-constitutionality-of-impeachment-trial/. live.
  168. Caplan . Craig . CraigCaplan . 1352420405391331328 . January 21, 2021 . Hawley (R-MO): "Democrats appear intent on weaponizing every tool at their disposal — including pushing an unconstitutional impeachment process — to further divide the country. Missourians will not be canceled by these partisan attacks." . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122005903/https://twitter.com/CraigCaplan/status/1352420405391331328 . January 22, 2021 . live.
  169. Web site: Senate Republicans uniting behind impeachment defense. Politico. January 21, 2021 . January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185517/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/21/senate-republicans-uniting-impeachment-defense-461217. live.
  170. Johnson . Ron . SenRonJohnson . 1352390267819728896 . January 21, 2021 . I believe an impeachment trial of a former president is unconstitutional and would set a very dangerous precedent. There is no provision in the Constitution for holding such a trial over a former president who is now a private citizen. Where would we get the authority to do so? . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129065825/https://twitter.com/SenRonJohnson/status/1352390267819728896 . January 29, 2021 . live.
  171. Web site: Ted Cruz rips Senate Dems for pursuing 'vindictive' Trump impeachment despite Biden call for unity. Thomas. Barrabi. January 21, 2021. Fox News. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185519/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ted-cruz-rips-senate-dems-trump-impeachment-biden-call-for-unity. live.
  172. Web site: Growing number of Republican senators oppose Trump's impeachment trial. Alanna Durkin. Richer. Colleen. Long. Associated Press. January 24, 2021. ABC7 Los Angeles. https://web.archive.org/web/20210201052513/https://abc7.com/9966294/. February 1, 2021. dead.
  173. Web site: Marco Rubio: It's 'arrogant' to impeach Trump. Kelly. Hooper. Politico. January 24, 2021 . January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185525/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/24/rubio-trump-impeachment-arrogant-461799. live.
  174. Web site: Iowa U.S. Sen. Joni Ernst doubts Constitution allows impeachment of former presidents. Nick. Coltrain. Des Moines Register.
  175. Paul . Rand . Rand Paul . RandPaul . 1353850609577959424 . January 25, 2021 . I object to this unconstitutional sham of an “impeachment” trial and I will force a vote on whether the Senate can hold a trial of a private citizen. . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210127191901/https://twitter.com/RandPaul/status/1353850609577959424 . January 27, 2021 . live.
  176. Litvan . Laura . LauraLitvan . 1353854307377033216 . January 25, 2021 . GOP Senator Richard Burr joins the growing list of Senate Rs who say they don't think it's constitutional to have an impeachment trial for Trump. "A charge like this should go to the Justice Department and be referred for prosecution. Unfortunately, that's not what they're doing." . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210125235658/https://twitter.com/LauraLitvan/status/1353854307377033216 . January 25, 2021 . live.
  177. Web site: Oklahoma Senators James Lankford, Jim Inhofe oppose Trump impeachment trial. January 27, 2021. Oklahoman.com.
  178. Inhofe . Jim . Jim Inhofe . JimInhofe . 1354182409735065602 . January 26, 2021 . Given that the penalty for impeachment shall be removed from office, my reading of the Constitution leads me to believe that the Founders did not intend for us to impeach former federal officeholders. I agree with @RandPaul that it's not constitutional to try a former president. . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126214042/https://twitter.com/JimInhofe/status/1354182409735065602 . January 26, 2021 . live.
  179. Web site: Where do Louisiana Senators Cassidy and Kennedy stand as Trump impeachment trial looms?. Greg. Hilburn. The News-Star. January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185558/https://www.thenewsstar.com/story/news/2021/01/26/trump-impeachment-trial-where-louisiana-senators-cassidy-kennedy-stand/4260023001/. live.
  180. Web site: Rand Paul bashes Democrats over impeachment trial: 'the antithesis of unity'. The Hill. January 26, 2021.
  181. Bobic . Igor . igorbobic . 1354121804244267016 . January 26, 2021 . Asked about Trump’s impeachment trial, Shelby says he has “deep reservations whether they should be trying him at all” . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126173952/https://twitter.com/igorbobic/status/1354121804244267016 . January 26, 2021 . live.
  182. Blunt . Roy . Roy Blunt . RoyBlunt . 1354168393008603136 . January 26, 2021 . Statement on my vote to declare it unconstitutional for the Senate to proceed with an impeachment trial of a president who is no longer in office: https://t.co/zbtHx7qGGv . en . February 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204511/https://twitter.com/RoyBlunt/status/1354168393008603136 . January 26, 2021 . live.
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  184. Web site: Tillis Statement on Procedural Vote To Dismiss Articles of Impeachment. January 26, 2021. Thom Tillis, U.S. Senator for North Carolina.
  185. Web site: POLITICO Playbook: Republicans feel the squeeze on impeachment. Tara. Palmeri. Rachael. Bade. Ryan. Lizza. Eugene. Daniels. Politico. January 25, 2021 . January 27, 2021. February 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209185535/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2021/01/25/republicans-feel-the-squeeze-on-impeachment-491510. live.
  186. News: McDonald . Scott . Alan Dershowitz Says He Would 'Enthusiastically' Vote For Biden Over Trump in 2020 matchup . January 9, 2021 . . June 13, 2019 . August 30, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190830105701/https://www.newsweek.com/alan-dershowitz-says-he-would-enthusiastically-vote-biden-over-trump-2020-matchup-1443945 . live .
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  188. News: Turley . Jonathan . Turley: Swift new impeachment would damage the Constitution . January 11, 2021 . . January 9, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111010843/https://thehill.com/opinion/judiciary/533469-swift-second-impeachment-would-damage-the-constitution . live .
  189. Web site: John Bolton says action against Donald Trump must pass cost-benefit analysis . January 8, 2021 . . January 8, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230703/https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=2114995 . live .
  190. Web site: Bolton says it's 'almost certain' Trump will try to cause more damage before leaving office . January 7, 2021 . . YouTube . January 8, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108230721/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzaLvbBOSCg . live .
  191. News: Group of House Republicans, Led by PA. Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, Wants Trump Censured . January 12, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . . Associated Press.
  192. Web site: Wagner. Meg. Melissa. Macaya. Mike. Hayes. Melissa. Mahtani. Fernando III. Alfonso. Veronica. Rocha. January 13, 2021. GOP Rep. Young Kim says she supports censure, but not impeachment. January 13, 2021. CNN.
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  194. Web site: DeWine calls Capitol riots sad day in American history . Schneider . Jeremy . January 7, 2021 . . . January 14, 2021 . January 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210119110222/https://www.13abc.com/2021/01/07/dewine-calls-capitol-riots-sad-day-in-american-history/ . live .
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  207. Web site: March 30, 2023. 74% Of Voters Say Democracy In The U.S. Is Under Threat, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; 52% Say President Trump Should Be Removed From Office.
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