| Cabinet Name: | Second Conte government |
| Cabinet Number: | 66th |
| Jurisdiction: | Italy |
| Flag: | Flag of Italy.svg |
| Flag Border: | true |
| Date Dissolved: | (days) |
| Government Head: | Giuseppe Conte |
| State Head: | Sergio Mattarella |
| Members Number: | 21 (incl. Prime Minister) |
| Former Members Resigned: | 3 |
| Total Number: | 24 |
| Legislature Status: | Coalition (Majority)Chamber of Deputies Senate |
| Opposition Leaders: | --> |
| Election: | 2018 election |
| Legislature Term: | XVIII Legislature (2018–2022) |
| Incoming Formation: | 2019 government formation |
| Predecessor: | First Conte government |
| Successor: | Draghi government |
The second Conte government was the 66th government of the Italian Republic and the second government led by Giuseppe Conte.[1] The government was sworn in on 5 September 2019[2] to 13 February 2021.
The government was supported by the anti-establishment Five Star Movement (M5S) and the centre-left Democratic Party (PD), along with the leftist parliamentary group Free and Equal (LeU). On 17 September 2019 the centrist party Italia Viva (IV), which splintered from the PD on that day, announced its support for the coalition, as well.
The government has been referred to as the "yellow-red government" (Italian: governo giallorosso), based on the customary colours of the main supporting parties.[3] [4] [5]
The second Conte government had the lowest average age of its members in the history of the Italian Republic.[6]
On 13 January 2021, after weeks of disagreements within the government coalition, the two ministers of IV resigned from their posts. Having lost the full support of one of the parties forming the government, Prime Minister Conte resigned on 26 January 2021.[7] [8] [9]
At the time of the government formation, its ministers and other members were part of the following three parties.
| Party | Main ideology | Leader | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Five Star Movement (M5S) | Populism | Luigi Di Maio | ||
| Democratic Party (PD) | Social democracy | Nicola Zingaretti | ||
| Free and Equal (LeU) | Democratic socialism | Several leaders | ||
The government also obtained the support of the Associative Movement Italians Abroad (MAIE), and one of its senators, Ricardo Merlo, was appointed as undersecretary in the government.[10] The government received also the external support of the following minor parties: Popular Civic List (CP), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italia in Comune (IiC), the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) and the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT).[11] [12]
From 18 September 2019 to 13 January 2021, the government ministers and other members were from the following four parties.
| Party | Main ideology | Leader | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Five Star Movement (M5S) | Populism | Vito Crimi (acting) | ||
| Democratic Party (PD) | Social democracy | Nicola Zingaretti | ||
| Italia Viva (IV) | Liberalism | Matteo Renzi | ||
| Free and Equal (LeU) | Democratic socialism | Several leaders | ||
On 17 September 2019 former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi led a breakaway group outside the PD and formed Italia Viva, which confirmed its support to the government.[13]
At the time of its resignation, the government ministers and other members were from the following three parties.
| Party | Main ideology | Leader | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Five Star Movement (M5S) | Populism | Vito Crimi (acting) | ||
| Democratic Party (PD) | Social democracy | Nicola Zingaretti | ||
| Free and Equal (LeU) | Democratic socialism | Several leaders | ||
On 13 January 2021 former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi announced the withdrawal of his party’s support to the government.[14]
See main article: 2019 Italian government crisis. After the 2018 general election the Five Star Movement (M5S), which had come first in the election, and the League agreed to form a coalition government led by Giuseppe Conte, the first Conte government.
In August 2019, Matteo Salvini, Deputy Prime Minister and leader of the League, announced a motion of no confidence against the government, after growing tensions within the majority. Salvini's move came right after a vote in the Senate regarding the progress of the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway, in which the League, along with the largest opposition parties, voted against an attempt of the M5S to block the construction works.[15] Many political analysts believe the no confidence motion was an attempt to force early elections to improve his party's standing in Parliament, due to its increasing support in opinion polls, ensuring Salvini could become the next prime minister.[16] On 20 August, following the parliamentary debate in which Conte harshly accused Salvini of being a political opportunist who "had triggered the political crisis only to serve his personal interest",[17] the Prime Minister tendered his resignation to President Sergio Mattarella.[18]
On 21 August, Mattarella started consultations with parliamentary groups. On the same day, the national board of the Democratic Party (PD) officially and unanimously opened to the prospect of a government with the M5S,[17] based on pro-Europeanism, green economy, sustainable development, fight against economic inequality and a new immigration policy.[19] However, the talks resulted in a unclear outcome, the President announced a second round of consultations starting on 27 August.[20]
Negotiations between PD and M5S started,[21] while Free and Equal (LeU), a left-wing parliamentary group, announced its support too.[22] On 28 August, PD's leader Nicola Zingaretti announced at the Quirinal Palace his favourable position on forming a new government with the Five Stars with Conte at its head.[23] On same day, Mattarella summoned Conte to the Quirinal Palace for 29 August to give him the task of forming a new government.[24] On 3 September, M5S members voted through the so-called "Rousseau Platform" in favor of an agreement with the PD, with Conte Prime Minister, with more than 79% of the vote out of nearly 80,000 voters.[25]
On 4 September Conte announced the ministers of this new government, which was sworn in on the following day.[26] At its start, the government was composed of 21 ministers, 14 men and 7 women, a majority of whom were from Southern Italy.[27] [28]
On 9 September 2019 the Chamber of Deputies approved the government with 343 votes in favour, 263 against and 3 abstentions.[29] [30] On the following day the Senate followed suit, with 169 in favour, 133 against and 5 abstentions.[31] [32]
| 9–10 September 2019 Investiture votes for Conte II Cabinet | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| House of Parliament | Vote | Parties | Votes |
| Chamber of Deputies | Yes | ||
| No | |||
| Abstention | |||
| Senate of the Republic | Yes | ||
| No | |||
| Abstention | |||
In September 2019 former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi lead a split from the PD, and formed a party called Italia Viva. The new party had two ministers (Teresa Bellanova and Elena Bonetti) and one undersecretary, and kept its support for the Conte II government.[33]
In December 2019 the Minister of Education and Research, Lorenzo Fioramonti, resigned after disagreements with the rest of the cabinet regarding the recently approved 2020 budget bill. Fioramonti considered the share of funds dedicated to education and research to be insufficient.[34] For the designation of the new Minister, Prime Minister Conte decided to split the Ministry of Education, University and Research into two. The Ministry of Public Education went to the former undersecretary Lucia Azzolina (M5S), whereas the Ministry of University and Research went to the dean of the University of Naples Federico II, Gaetano Manfredi (Ind).[35]
In January 2020, the Five Star Movement suffered multiple parliamentary defections and a sizeable decrease in popularity with respect to the 2018 elections.[36] Luigi Di Maio resigned from his position as M5S political leader, retaining his position as foreign minister.[37]
See main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. In February 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to northern Italian regions. In a few weeks, it spread to the rest of the country, with major concentration of cases in the regions of Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont and Veneto. The government faced the subsequent health crisis by imposing gradually stricter measures of social distancing and quarantine, until a nationwide lockdown was imposed on 9 March, restricting the movement of people except for reasons of necessity, health, or work.[38] [39]
See main article: 2021 Italian government crisis. On 13 January 2021, after weeks of disagreements between IV and the rest of the government regarding the handling of the Next Generation EU funds, all three cabinet members of IV (Minister of Agriculture Teresa Bellanova, Minister of Family Elena Bonetti and Undersecretary for Economy Ivan Scalfarotto) resigned from their posts.
Having lost the full support of one of the parties forming the government, Prime Minister Conte narrowly won a confidence vote at the Senate with a 156–140 tally, including 16 abstention votes from the IV senators, falling short of the absolute majority of 161 votes.[40]
Due to that, and unable to find enough votes in Parliament to move ahead with the current government, on 26 January 2021 Conte tended his resignations to President Sergio Mattarella, who asked him to stay in office to handle current affairs (as is customary in Italian politics).[9]
9 | ||
9 | ||
1 | ||
3 |
9 | ||
7 | ||
2 | ||
1 | ||
4 |
9 | ||
7 | ||
1 | ||
4 |
8 ministers
2 ministers
2 ministers
2 ministers
1 minister
1 minister
2 ministers
2 ministers
4 ministers
3 ministers (including Conte)
3 ministers
2 ministers
8 ministers
2 ministers
2 ministers
2 ministers
1 minister
1 minister
1 minister
1 minister
5 ministers
4 ministers
3 ministers (including Conte)
2 ministers
6 ministers
2 ministers
1 minister
1 minister
1 minister
1 minister
1 minister
1 minister
5 ministers
4 ministers
3 ministers (including Conte)
2 ministers
The Council of Ministers was composed of the following members:[41] [42] [43]