Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside explained

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is an antioxidant[1] phytoestrogen present in flax, sunflower, sesame, and pumpkin seeds. In food, it can be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed.[2] It is a precursor of mammal lignans[3] which are produced in the colon from chemicals in foods.

Extraction

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside can be isolated from de-fatted (hexane extraction) flaxseed by extraction of the lignan polymer precursor with a water/acetone mixture, followed by acetone removal and alkaline hydrolysis.[4]

Studies on biological effects

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside slows the growth of human breast cancer in mice.[5]

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside may different roles in people. For example, due to 400-500Da size limit for Blood–Brain Barrier permeability, in one assessment of a Grade IV histology group of adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma, high intake of secoisolariciresinol (for highest tertile compared to lowest tertile, in all cases) was associated with poorer survival.[6]

In rabbits, SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis and this effect was associated with a decrease in serum cholesterol, LDL-C, and lipid peroxidation product and an increase in HDL-C and antioxidant reserve.[7]

SDG has been shown to counter oxidative stress in human colonic epithelial tissue and protect against mtDNA damage in vitro, by H2O2 exposure, in a dose-dependent manner, and counters (in-vitro) oxidative stress on heart cells caused by Iron overload.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Adolphe, J. L., Whiting, S. J., Juurlink, B. H. J., Thorpe, L. U., & Alcorn, J. . 2010 . Health effects with consumption of the flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside . The British Journal of Nutrition . 103 . 7 . 929–38 . 10.1017/S0007114509992753 . 20003621 . free .
  2. Phenolic glucosides in bread containing flaxseed . C. Strandås, A. Kamal-Eldin, R. Andersson and P. Åman . Food Chemistry. 110 . 4 . 2008 . 997–999 . 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.088. 26047292 .
  3. 1656395 . 1991 . Thompson . LU . Robb . P . Serraino . M . Cheung . F . Mammalian lignan production from various foods . 16 . 1 . 43–52 . 10.1080/01635589109514139 . Nutrition and Cancer.
  4. 6806356 . US . Process for recovering secoisolariciresinol diglycoside from de-fatted flaxseed .
  5. Flaxseed and Pure Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside, but Not Flaxseed Hull, Reduce Human Breast Tumor Growth (MCF-7) in Athymic Mice . Chen . 2009 . 1 . 19776177 . 10.3945/jn.109.112508 . Saggar . JK . Corey . P . Thompson . LU . 139 . 11 . 2061–6 . The Journal of Nutrition . free .
  6. Daily intake of antioxidants in relation to survival among adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma . 2010 . 10.1186/1471-2407-10-215 . Delorenze . Gerald N . McCoy . Lucie . Tsai . Ai-Lin . Quesenberry Jr . Charles P . Rice . Terri . Il'Yasova . Dora . Wrensch . Margaret . BMC Cancer . 10 . 215 . 20482871 . 2880992 . free .
  7. 10.1161/01.CIR.99.10.1355. 10077521. Reduction of Serum Cholesterol and Hypercholesterolemic Atherosclerosis in Rabbits by Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Isolated from Flaxseed. Circulation. 99. 10. 1355–1362. 1999. Prasad. K. free.
  8. 25822525. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside abrogates oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiac iron overload condition . 2015 . Puukila . S. . Bryan . S. . Laakso . A. . Abdel-Malak . J. . Gurney . C. . Agostino . A. . Belló-Klein . A. . Prasad . K. . Khaper . N. . PLOS ONE . 10 . 3 . e0122852 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0122852 . 4379144 . 2015PLoSO..1022852P . free .

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