Sean Spicer Explained

Sean Spicer
Office:30th White House Press Secretary
President:Donald Trump
Deputy:Sarah Sanders
Term Start:January 20, 2017
Term End:July 21, 2017
Predecessor:Josh Earnest
Successor:Sarah Sanders
Office1:White House Communications Director
President1:Donald Trump
Term Label1:Acting
Term Start1:June 2, 2017
Term End1:July 21, 2017
Predecessor1:Michael Dubke
Successor1:Anthony Scaramucci
President2:Donald Trump
Term Label2:Acting
Term Start2:January 20, 2017
Term End2:March 6, 2017
Predecessor2:Jen Psaki
Successor2:Michael Dubke
Birth Name:Sean Michael Spicer
Birth Place:Manhasset, New York, U.S.
Party:Republican
Children:2
Education:Connecticut College (BA)
Naval War College (MA)
Allegiance: United States
Serviceyears:1999–present
Rank: Commander
Unit:U.S. Navy Reserve
Mawards:Armed Forces Reserve Medal with "M" Device
National Defense Service Medal
Defense Meritorious Service Medal (X2)
Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal
Joint Service Achievement Medal (X2)
Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal
Expert Pistol Marksman
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal
Antarctica Service Medal [1]

Sean Michael Spicer (born September 23, 1971) is an American former political aide who served as the 30th White House Press Secretary and as White House Communications Director under President Donald Trump in 2017. Spicer was communications director of the Republican National Committee from 2011 to 2017, and its chief strategist from 2015 to 2017.[2]

During his tenure as White House press secretary, Spicer made a number of public statements that were controversial and false,[3] [4] [5] and he developed a contentious relationship with the White House press corps.[6] [7] [8] The first such instance occurred on January 21, 2017, the day following Trump's inauguration. Spicer repeated the claim that crowds at Trump's inauguration ceremony were the largest ever at such an event and that the press had deliberately underestimated the number of spectators.[9] [10] [11] After this statement was widely criticized, Trump aide Kellyanne Conway said that Spicer had presented what she called "alternative facts" regarding the inauguration's attendance numbers.[12]

Spicer resigned as White House Press Secretary on July 21, 2017, although he remained at the White House in an unspecified capacity until August 31.[13] Since leaving the White House, Spicer has published the memoir , appeared as a contestant on season 28 of Dancing with the Stars, and hosted a political talk show on Newsmax TV.[14] [15]

Early life

Spicer is the son of Kathryn (née Grossman) and Michael William Spicer (1944–2016).[16] The Spicers were living in Port Washington when Sean was born at North Shore Hospital in Manhasset, New York.[17] [18] Spicer grew up in the East Bay area of Rhode Island.[19] His father was an insurance agent and his mother is the department manager in the East Asian studies department at Brown University.[20] [21] [22]

Spicer is of partial Irish descent,[23] and was raised Catholic.[24] From 1985 to 1989, Spicer attended Portsmouth Abbey School, a Catholic boarding school in Rhode Island.[25] While in high school, he volunteered for local political campaigns in Rhode Island and continued those activities while at college.[26]

He attended Connecticut College from 1989 to 1993 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government.[27] In college he was a student senator. In April 1993, an article in the student paper, The College Voice, referred to Spicer as "Sean Sphincter"; Spicer submitted a complaint to the paper and followed up by pushing for legal action against the paper, for which he was satirized by the campus satirical publication Blats. The incident was later cited as a precursor of his contentious relationship with the media.[28] [29]

In 2012, he acquired a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.[30]

Early career

After graduating from college in 1993, Spicer worked on a number of political campaigns.[31] In the late 1990s, he worked for representatives Mike Pappas (R-NJ),[32] Frank LoBiondo (R-NJ),[33] Mark Foley (R-FL),[34] and Clay Shaw (R-FL).[35]

In 1999, Spicer joined the United States Navy Reserve as a public affairs officer; he currently holds the rank of Commander.[36] As of December 2016, he was assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff's naval reserve contingent in Washington, D.C.,[37] and in 2017 was a member of the Department of Defense Criminal Investigative Task Force.[1]

Early government appointments

From 2000 to 2001, Spicer was the communications director on the House Government Reform Committee, and from 2001 to 2002, he was director of incumbent retention at the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC).[38]

From 2003 to 2005,[38] Spicer was the communications director and spokesman for the House Budget Committee.[20] He subsequently was the communications director for the Republican Conference of the U.S. House of Representatives, and then, from 2006 to 2009, was the assistant for media and public affairs at the Office of the United States Trade Representative in President George W. Bush's administration.[39] He wore an Easter bunny suit during the White House Easter Egg Rolls.[40]

Endeavor Global Strategies

From 2009 to 2011, Spicer was a partner at Endeavor Global Strategies, a public relations firm he co-founded to represent foreign governments and corporations with business before the U.S. government.[41] His clients included the government of Colombia, which was then seeking a free trade agreement with the U.S. amid public criticism of its human rights record.[42] Spicer worked full-time at the firm until February 2011.[43]

Republican National Committee

In February 2011, Spicer became the communications director of the Republican National Committee.[43] At the RNC, he enlarged the organization's social media operations, built an in-house TV production team, and created a rapid response program to reply to attacks.[39] In February 2015, he was given an additional role, as chief strategist for the party.[44]

While at the RNC, Spicer was critical of then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. In June 2015, after Trump said illegal immigrants from Mexico were involved in crimes in the U.S., Spicer said "painting Mexican Americans with that kind of a brush, I think that's probably something that is not helpful to the cause."[45] In July 2015, he released a public criticism of Trump's comments on U.S. Senator John McCain, saying "there is no place in our party or our country for comments that disparage those who have served honorably."[46]

Press secretary for the Trump administration

On December 22, 2016, Spicer was named the White House press secretary for Donald Trump.[47] On December 24, he was also named the communications director for the Trump administration after the sudden and unexpected resignation of Jason Miller.[48]

An April 2017 Politico/Morning Consult poll showed that Spicer had a nationwide name recognition of 60%, much higher than most other White House staffers and previous press secretaries.[49]

First statement to the press

On January 21, 2017, which was the day after the inauguration and two days before his first official press conference, Spicer made a statement to the press that was negatively critical of the media; he said that they had underestimated the size of the crowds for President Trump's inaugural ceremony. He claimed that the ceremony had drawn the "largest audience to ever to witness an inauguration, period – both in person and around the globe". But as many sources immediately pointed out, that claim was false.[50]

Spicer stated that the press had altered images of the event to minimize the size of the crowds.[12] He said floor coverings over the grass were to blame for a visual effect that made the audience look smaller, and stated they had never been used before despite the fact that they had been used in 2013 for the preceding second inauguration of Barack Obama.[51] [52] He also used incorrect figures to claim that Metro ridership was higher during Trump's inauguration than during Obama's inauguration, when in fact it was lower than during either of Obama's inaugurations.[53] Spicer took no questions after his statement.[54] Later, Spicer defended his previous statements by saying "sometimes we can disagree with the facts".[55] It was subsequently reported that Spicer had made the statement on direct orders from Trump, who was furious at what he considered unfair press coverage of his inauguration.[56]

In response to the briefing, conservative political analyst Bill Kristol wrote: "It is embarrassing, as an American, to watch this briefing by Sean Spicer from the podium at the White House."[57] Vanity Fair described Spicer's statement as "peppered with lies",[58] and The Atlantic described Spicer's briefing as "bizarre". The article referred to the "Trump administration's needless lies" and noted that Spicer's statements appeared to involve a "deliberate attempt to mislead".[59] Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post gave Spicer's claims four Pinocchios, writing that he was so appalled by the press secretary's performance that he wished he could have given him five Pinocchios instead of the maximum number of four.[3]

Trump's team defended Spicer's statements. White House chief of staff Reince Priebus stated that the purpose of Spicer's conference was to call out what he called "dishonesty in the media" and their "obsession with delegitimizing the president".[60] Trump's campaign strategist and counselor, Kellyanne Conway, told NBC's Chuck Todd that Trump's inauguration crowd numbers could not be proved nor quantified and that the press secretary was simply giving "alternative facts".[61] Todd responded by saying, "Alternative facts are not facts. They are falsehoods."[62]

First official press conference

Two days later on January 23, 2017, Spicer held his first official White House press conference and took questions from reporters.[63] [64] When Spicer was asked about attendance at the inauguration, he said that his definition of a viewing audience also included individuals who watched the event on television as well as on social media online. He claimed that online viewership must have been in the "tens of millions".[65]

Spicer's argument was based on the reported figure of 16.9 million people who began streaming the inauguration on CNN's website. This argument has been criticized because the 16.9 million streams included people who started the stream and then left.[66]

On February 7, 2017, CNN reported that "President Donald Trump is disappointed in Spicer's performance during the first two weeks of the administration." Trump was also upset at White House chief of staff Reince Priebus for recommending Spicer, the network reported. Trump "regrets it every day and blames Priebus", a White House source told CNN.[67] His role as temporary communications director was filled by Michael Dubke on March 6, 2017.[68]

Hitler–Assad controversy

On April 11, 2017, Spicer issued a statement in reference to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack. He said that Russia should not support the Syrian government and also commented that in World War II, "You had someone as despicable as Hitler who didn't even sink to using chemical weapons."[69] [70]

His remarks were widely criticized, especially given the fact that the timing of the remarks coincided with the Jewish holiday of Passover.[71] Spicer later clarified that he was not trying to deny that Hitler used lethal gas during the Holocaust, instead that he was trying to compare how Assad dropped bombs on population centers to how Hitler used the gas.[72] Amid calls for his resignation, Spicer apologized the next day.[71] [73]

Relationship with White House press corps

As White House press secretary, Spicer had a contentious relationship with the White House press corps.[6] [7] [8] In February 2017, the White House selectively blocked several news outletsincluding the BBC, CNN, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times and Politicofrom an off-camera briefing (or "gaggle") with Spicer, a move that prompted strong objections from the outlets concerned, as well as by the White House Correspondents' Association.[74] [75] [76] The Washington Post wrote that the barring of the outlets was "a rare and surprising move that came amid President Trump's escalating war against the media."[76] Reporters from the Associated Press and Time magazine were admitted to the briefing, but chose not to attend in protest of the exclusion of other journalists.[75] [76]

Defendant in Twitter lawsuit

On July 11, 2017, Spicer, along with Donald Trump, and Dan Scavino (the White House director of social media), was sued by the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University in U.S. federal court in Manhattan. The suit, Knight First Amendment Institute v. Trump, alleges that Trump and the White House officials violated the First Amendment by blocking some users from accessing Trump's Twitter content.[77]

Resignation

On July 21, 2017, Spicer announced his intention to resign as White House Press Secretary. He made his decision known immediately after President Trump appointed financier Anthony Scaramucci as White House communications director. In the weeks leading up to the resignation announcement, Spicer had sought "a more strategic communications role" in the White House.[78] Trump had reportedly been dissatisfied for some time with Spicer's performance as White House Press Secretary.[79] According to The New York Times, Trump asked Spicer to stay on, but Spicer announced his resignation after telling the President he "vehemently disagreed" with the appointment of Scaramucci. In a tweet, Spicer said that it has been "an honor and a privilege" to serve Trump and that he would continue his service in the White House, through August 2017. His new position was not identified.[80] Sarah Sanders was announced as the new White House Press Secretary the same day.[81]

Post-White House activities

After several low-profile months, Spicer was reportedly refused contracts to be a paid contributor at any of the five major U.S. TV news networks—ABC News, CBS News, CNN, Fox News, and NBC News—according to a number of anonymous sources, this was due to a "lack of credibility".[82] [83] [84]

On September 17, 2017, Spicer made a cameo appearance at the 2017 Emmy Awards, spoofing his first press conference as Trump's press secretary by saying that the Emmys broadcast would garner "the largest audience to witness an Emmys, period".[85] The following week he gave an interview to The New York Times and appeared on Good Morning America.[86] [87] Also, it was revealed that during his eight-month tenure at the White House he kept copious notes on what he did, saw, and heard, filling numerous notebooks. The revelation provoked speculation that the notebooks would be of interest to the investigation of special prosecutor Robert Mueller.[88]

Spicer announced in December 2017 on The Sean Hannity Show that he would release a book, , in July 2018 about his tenure with the Trump administration.[89]

On July 31, 2019, President Trump announced his intention to appoint Spicer to be a Member of the Board of Visitors to the United States Naval Academy[90] and later did so.[91] On September 8, 2021, the White House Communications Director confirmed that President Joe Biden sought resignation letters from all 18 former military academy Presidential appointees placed in the final months of the prior administration, which included Spicer, and those who refused would be terminated that evening.[92]

In August 2019, Spicer was announced as a contestant on season 28 of Dancing with the Stars. This announcement was met with alarm on social media and by many at ABC News. One ABC employee told CNN journalist Oliver Darcy: "It's a slap in the face to those of us who had to deal with his baloney and the consequences of the ongoing lies and disinformation campaign at the White House." Spicer responded by saying that Dancing "is an entertainment show. I look forward to having some fun. And if people are looking for news, I suggest they tune into a news program".[93] On the first installment of this edition of the popular celebrity reality competition, Spicer wore a bright lime green shirt with ruffles while his dancing partner's dress prominently featured pineapples as they engaged in a salsa dance, garnering widespread media coverage.[94] [95]

In March 2020, Spicer started hosting a political talk show for the channel Newsmax TV called Spicer & Co.[96] The show was cancelled in April 2023 when Spicer and his co-host Lyndsay Keith left Newsmax.[97]

Following the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Forbes warned corporations against hiring Spicer and other Trump "propagandists", stating, "Forbes will assume that everything your company or firm talks about is a lie."[98]

Spicer attended the farewell event for President Trump on January 20, 2021, at Joint Base Andrews.[99]

Personal life

On November 13, 2004, Spicer married Rebecca Miller, at the time a television producer, at St. Alban's Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C.[20] Spicer and his wife live in Alexandria, Virginia. They have two children.[100] His wife is senior vice president, communications and public affairs, for the National Beer Wholesalers Association.[101] [102] He is Roman Catholic.[103] [104]

In popular culture

Several commentators have compared Spicer to "Baghdad Bob", Information Minister under Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.[105] [106] [107]

Spicer's frequently combative press conferences were satirized four times on Saturday Night Live in 2017, with actress Melissa McCarthy playing the role of Spicer.[108] [109] [110] [111] Her portrayal was described by a staff writer at The Atlantic as "genius", mixing "energy and weaponized hostility".[112] Spicer stated that he found the sketches funny, but suggested that McCarthy "could dial back" a bit.[113] He also portrayed a fictionalized version of himself in Army of the Dead along with Donna Brazile.[114] [115]

See also

Further reading

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Military Record 2017 Commander Sean S. Spicer per FOIA Request . can.muckrock.com . . 9 September 2021.
  2. News: Sean Spicer: Executive Profile and Biography. Bloomberg. dead. January 3, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20161111190949/http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=285878558&privcapId=4272999&previousCapId=4272999&previousTitle=Republican%20National%20Committee%20Inc. November 11, 2016.
  3. News: Spicer earns Four Pinocchios for false claims on inauguration crowd size . . January 23, 2017 . Glenn . Kessler . Glenn Kessler (journalist) . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194054/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/01/22/spicer-earns-four-pinocchios-for-a-series-of-false-claims-on-inauguration-crowd-size/ . January 22, 2017 . He managed to make a series of false and misleading claims in service of a relatively minor issue....Spicer earns Four Pinocchios, but seriously, we wish we could give five..
  4. News: Danny Vinik. Politico. January 24, 2017. Spicer makes misleading voter fraud claim to defend Trump's false voter fraud claim. Pressed for those studies, Spicer then offered a falsehood of his own.
  5. News: Aaron Blake. April 18, 2017. The White House's misleading statements about Trump's 'armada' heading to North Korea. The Washington Post.
  6. News: Chris Cillizza. March 17, 2017. Sean Spicer's Thursday news conference was a new low for the Trump White House. The Washington Post. Spicer has had a contentious relationship with the media since his first appearance on the podium.
  7. News: Ted Johnson. Sean Spicer Resigns as White House Press Secretary. Variety. Spicer had been with the administration from the start, but almost immediately had a contentious relationship with the media.. July 21, 2017.
  8. News: Kevin Liptak. Reality Check: Sean Spicer hits the media over crowds. CNN. January 21, 2017. Spicer launched into a tirade against the media Saturday, slamming what he said was unfair reporting of the attendance of President Donald Trump's inauguration, along with other criticisms. Many of the facts he cited, however, are inaccurate..
  9. News: Sean Spicer's Agony Will Never End – to His Boss's Delight. Tina. Nguyen. Vanity Fair.
  10. News: For April Ryan, Clashes With the White House Bring a New Kind of Prominence. Michael M.. Grynbaum. March 31, 2017. The New York Times. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170402011036/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/business/media/april-ryan-white-house-spicer-trump.html. April 2, 2017.
  11. News: Sean Spicer isn't finished. Dylan. Byers. CNN. Politics. May 19, 2017. February 15, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170512161626/http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/15/politics/sean-spicer-white-house/index.html. May 12, 2017.
  12. News: Benwell. Max. White House press conference: When is it, how can I watch it, and what will Sean Spicer say?. The Independent. January 23, 2017. January 23, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202065004/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-press-conference-when-is-it-how-can-i-watch-sean-spicer-alternative-facts-a7541806.html. February 2, 2017.
  13. News: Scaramucci Sets New Record for Shortest Term as Communications Director. Santos. Amanda Proença. July 31, 2017. NBC News. August 20, 2018.
  14. Web site: 'The Briefing' Review: Speaking for Himself. Karl. Jonathan. July 24, 2018. The Wall Street Journal.
  15. Web site: 'Dancing With the Stars' before the reality show got ugly. Alexander. Bryan. November 12, 2019. USA Today.
  16. News: Michael W. Spicer . December 3, 2016 . NewportRI.com . December 14, 2017.
  17. News: Born. September 25, 1971. The Newport Daily News. Newport County, Rhode Island. 2. Spicer – Sept. 23, 1971, at North Shore Hospital in Manhasset, Long Island, a son to Mr. and Mrs. Michael Spicer (Kathryn Grossman) of ... Port Washington, Long Island, N.Y..
  18. https://twitter.com/becket/status/835915349845487617 The Newport Daily News clipping
  19. News: Arsenault . Mark . February 8, 2017 . The 17 rules of Sean Spicer, Rhode Island native . . February 26, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170227151427/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/02/07/the-rules-sean-spicer-rhode-island-native/lTxSC2PRHZoZ551kKHBRmM/story.html . February 27, 2017 .
  20. News: Fashion Weddings: Rebecca Miller & Sean Spicer . The New York Times. November 14, 2004 . November 11, 2016 . December 27, 2016 . https://archive.today/20161227133624/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/14/fashion/weddings/rebecca-miller-sean-spicer.html?_r=1 . live . Mr. Spicer, also 33... .
  21. Web site: Episode 110: Sean Spicer . University of Chicago Institute of Politics . January 25, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170126204307/http://politics.uchicago.edu/pages/axefiles . January 26, 2017 .
  22. News: Lowry . Rich . Trump on Twitter: I'll punish companies that ship jobs overseas . . December 1, 2016 . December 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161223132427/http://www.politico.com/tipsheets/playbook/2016/12/trump-on-twitter-ill-punish-companies-that-ship-jobs-overseas-pences-power-play-trumps-tax-nightmare-spotted-at-eric-wilson-and-rachael-dean-wedding-bday-al-hunt-217683 . December 23, 2016 .
  23. Web site: Sean Spicer . April 19, 2017 . October 3, 2015 . @seanspicer . Twitter . I'm Irish, i drink and like people . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220050300/https://mobile.twitter.com/seanspicer/status/650498743993827328 . February 20, 2017 .
  24. News: Sean Spicer interview: Trump spin doctor, Smithwick's drinker, Ireland fan. February 6, 2017. The Irish Times. Simon. Carswell. Suzanne. Lynch. April 5, 2017. Spicer, the great-grandson of an Irish immigrant. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170311154238/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/sean-spicer-interview-trump-spin-doctor-smithwick-s-drinker-ireland-fan-1.2964477. March 11, 2017.
  25. News: McGee. Sandy. December 22, 2016. President Elect's New Press Secretary's Local School Ties. Portsmouth Press. dead. January 31, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170607125247/https://portsmouthpress.com/new-press-secretary-portsmouth-ties/. June 7, 2017.
  26. News: Kalunian. Kim. December 26, 2016. RI native Sean Spicer on journey to White House. WPRI-TV. Providence, Rhode Island. dead. January 23, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170201034554/http://wpri.com/2016/12/26/ri-native-sean-spicer-on-journey-to-white-house/. February 1, 2017.
  27. Web site: Sean Spicer – Former Guest Speaker . . November 11, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161111192545/http://www.leadershipinstitute.org/Training/contact.cfm?FacultyID=1888 . November 11, 2016 .
  28. News: Spicer's first war with the news media: Sad! . Taxpayers Will Defend Trump in Suit Charging Constitutional Violations. Charlie Savage. Eric Lipton. Gardiner Harris. Michael D. Shearjan. January 23, 2017. The New York Times.
  29. News: From Sean Sphincter to Saturday Night Live: How Sean Spicer became a punchline. International Business Times. February 8, 2017. Daniel Bates. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170211160742/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/sean-sphincter-saturday-night-live-how-sean-spicer-became-punchline-1605434. February 11, 2017.
  30. News: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Sean Spicer. Dicker. Rachel. January 23, 2017. U.S. News & World Report.
  31. News: Sean Spicer, Trump Press Secretary, Is 'Not Here to Be Someone's Buddy'. Grynbaum. Michael M.. January 29, 2017. The New York Times. February 11, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170211213601/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/29/business/media/sean-spicer-trump-press-secretary-is-not-here-to-be-someones-buddy.html. February 11, 2017.
  32. News: Bill Financing House Panels Passes as G.O.P. Rebels Gain . Schmitt . Eric . May 2, 1997 . The New York Times. January 23, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170129174909/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/02/us/bill-financing-house-panels-passes-as-gop-rebels-gain.html . January 29, 2017 .
  33. News: On Hill, Campaign Duties Seldom Far Away . Morgan . Dan . April 2, 1997 . . January 23, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170219102850/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/04/02/on-hill-campaign-duties-seldom-far-away/bde90042-ade7-44a9-b4d6-c95082422e20/ . February 19, 2017 .
  34. News: For Foley. 'Not Right Time' For Senate Race . . South Florida . March 19, 1999 . Cindy . Glover . January 19, 2017 . 'Not Right Time' For Senate Race, Foley spokesman Sean Spicer said . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170129115257/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1999-03-19/news/9903180712_1_foley-hopefuls-mccarty . January 29, 2017 .
  35. News: House Race Recounts Also May Be Crucial . Vita . Matthew . November 10, 2000 . Eilperin . Juliet . . January 23, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170219133312/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/11/10/house-race-recounts-also-may-be-crucial/d080101b-aefb-4332-b23d-a925ccd19a42/ . February 19, 2017 .
  36. News: Trump Picks Navy Reserve Commander Sean Spicer as White House Press Secretary . Edwards . Jane . December 23, 2016 . ExecutiveGov.com . January 31, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161226162540/https://www.executivegov.com/2016/12/trump-picks-navy-reserve-commander-sean-spicer-as-white-house-press-secretary/ . December 26, 2016 .
  37. News: The next White House Press Secretary is a Navy officer . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170128120344/http://www.militarytimes.com/articles/spicer-press-secretary-navy-trump . January 28, 2017 .
  38. Web site: Republican National Committee (RNC) Organization 2015 . . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161013131659/http://www.p2016.org/parties/rnc15.html . October 13, 2016 .
  39. News: Trump taps RNC's Spicer for White House spokesman . Alexander . David . December 23, 2016 . . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170129072313/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-spokesman-idUSKBN14B27C . January 29, 2017 .
  40. News: Davis . Julie Hirschfeld . The Latest Test for the White House? Pulling Off Its Easter Egg Roll . The New York Times. April 12, 2017 . A1 . April 12, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170503105446/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/us/politics/white-house-easter-egg-roll-trump.html . May 3, 2017 .
  41. News: Suite Talk March 12, 2009 . Ariel Alexovich . Jacqueline Klingebiel . Politico . January 24, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170128221439/http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/suite-talk-march-12-2009-019908 . January 28, 2017 .
  42. Web site: K Street Files: Colombia Is ... Controversy. September 8, 2009. January 25, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170129035707/http://www.rollcall.com/news/-38284-1.html . January 29, 2017 . "K Street Files: Colombia is controversy," Roll Call, September 8, 2009; retrieved January 25, 2017.
  43. News: Sean Spicer chosen as RNC communications director. Cillizza. Chris. February 24, 2011. The Washington Post. January 22, 2017.
  44. News: Top RNC communicator expands role . Preston . Mark . February 1, 2015 . . January 23, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170129002810/http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/01/politics/sean-spicier-rnc-communications/index.html . January 29, 2017 .
  45. https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/rnc-trumps-immigration-rhetoric-not-helpful "RNC: Trump's immigration rhetoric 'not helpful'"
  46. https://gop.com/rnc-statement-in-response-to-donald-trumps-comments-on-us-senator-john-mccain/ "RNC statement in response to Donald Trump's comments on U.S. Senator John McCain,"
  47. News: Trump Picks Sean Spicer as White House Press Secretary, Jason Miller as Communications Director . Byers . Dylan . . December 22, 2016 . December 22, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161222193332/http://money.cnn.com/2016/12/22/media/sean-spicer-jason-miller-white-house-press-secretary-donald-trump/index.html . December 22, 2016 .
  48. News: Transition adviser's tweets add intrigue to Trump aide Jason Miller's sudden resignation . . December 25, 2016 . January 2, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170101042811/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/transition-advisers-tweets-add-intrigue-to-trump-aides-sudden-resignation/2016/12/25/a5aa0018-cae4-11e6-a87f-b917067331bb_story.html . January 1, 2017 .
  49. News: Karni . Annie . Palmeri . Tara . White House aides grapple with newfound celebrity . . April 17, 2017 . April 20, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170504113442/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/white-house-aides-celebrity-237343 . May 4, 2017 .
  50. News: White House press secretary attacks media for accurately reporting inauguration crowds. CNN. January 21, 2017. January 21, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170122011618/http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/21/media/sean-spicer-press-secretary-statement. January 22, 2017.
  51. News: Bennett. Brian. What the White House said about Trump's inauguration crowd and how it was wrong. The San Diego Union-Tribune. January 22, 2017. January 23, 2017.
  52. News: Helsel . Phil . Trump Press Secretary Slams Media Over Inauguration Crowd Size Coverage . . January 21, 2017 . January 23, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170123002212/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/inauguration-2017/new-white-house-press-secretary-blasts-media-over-crowd-size-n710351 . January 23, 2017 .
  53. News: Trump White House admits its Metro ridership figures for Inauguration Day were wrong . Siddiqui . Faiz . January 23, 2017 . . January 24, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124140253/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/01/23/trump-white-house-admits-its-metro-ridership-figures-for-inauguration-day-were-wrong/ . January 24, 2017 .
  54. News: Cillizza . Chris . Sean Spicer held a press conference. He didn't take questions. Or tell the whole truth. . . January 21, 2017 . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170122022011/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/21/sean-spicer-held-a-press-conference-he-didnt-take-questions-or-tell-the-whole-truth/ . January 22, 2017 .
  55. News: Donald Trump's press secretary says 'we can sometimes disagree with the facts' . January 23, 2017 . . UK . February 1, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202072031/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-press-conference-sean-spicer-facts-disagree-white-house-a7542466.html . February 2, 2017 .
  56. News: The first days inside Trump's White House: Fury, tumult and a reboot . January 23, 2017 . . January 24, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124024815/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-first-days-inside-trumps-white-house-fury-tumult-and-a-reboot/2017/01/23/7ceef1b0-e191-11e6-ba11-63c4b4fb5a63_story.html . January 24, 2017 .
  57. News: White House press secretary attacks media for accurately reporting inauguration crowds . January 21, 2017 . Brian . Stelter . . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170122011618/http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/21/media/sean-spicer-press-secretary-statement/ . January 22, 2017 .
  58. News: Trump Spokesman's Lecture on Media Accuracy Is Peppered With Lies . Kia . Makarechi . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170122055956/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/01/sean-spicer-inauguration-statement-lies . January 22, 2017 .
  59. News: 'Alternative Facts': The Needless Lies of the Trump Administration . David A. . Graham . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170122165539/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/the-pointless-needless-lies-of-the-trump-administration/514061/ . January 22, 2017 .
  60. Web site: Chris Wallace Grills Priebus: 'How Does Arguing About Crowd Size' Help the American People? . . January 23, 2017 . Josh . Feldman . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124162026/http://www.mediaite.com/tv/chris-wallace-grills-priebus-how-does-arguing-about-crowd-size-help-the-american-people/ . January 24, 2017 .
  61. News: Kellyanne Conway: Spicer 'gave alternative facts' on inauguration crowd . . January 22, 2017 . January 22, 2017 . Alexandra . Jaffe . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170122161236/http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/wh-spokesman-gave-alternative-facts-inauguration-crowd-n710466 . January 22, 2017 .
  62. News: Kellyanne Conway cites 'alternative facts' in tense interview with Chuck Todd over false crowd size claims . . Dylan . Stableford . January 22, 2017 . May 19, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170519100324/https://www.yahoo.com/news/kellyanne-conway-cites-alternative-facts-in-tense-interview-with-chuck-todd-over-false-crowd-size-claims-171242433.html . May 19, 2017 .
  63. News: White House spokesman Sean Spicer's first official press conference . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170123213913/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/23/sean-spicer-white-house-press-conference.html . January 23, 2017 .
  64. News: Sean Spicer Takes Questions From Media During First White House Briefing . . January 23, 2017 . January 24, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170128232214/http://www.cbsnews.com/live/video/sean-spicer-takes-questions-from-media-during-first-white-house-briefing/ . January 28, 2017 .
  65. News: Johnson. Jenna. Sean Spicer at press briefing: 'Our intention is never to lie to you'. The Washington Post. January 23, 2017. January 24, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170123222243/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/01/23/sean-spicer-expected-to-soon-give-news-briefing. January 23, 2017.
  66. News: There's no evidence that Trump's inauguration was the most-watched in history. Period. . Bump . Philip . . January 23, 2017 . January 25, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124042959/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/01/23/theres-no-evidence-that-trumps-inauguration-was-the-most-watched-in-history-period/ . January 24, 2017 .
  67. News: CNN: Trump regrets hiring Spicer, blames Priebus . . May 19, 2017 . Rebecca . Savransky . February 7, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170517220321/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/318385-report-trump-regrets-hiring-spicer-blames-priebus . May 17, 2017 .
  68. Web site: President Donald J. Trump Announces White House Staff Appointments . . . March 6, 2017 .
  69. Web site: Press Briefing by Press Secretary Sean Spicer, 4/11/2017, #36 . whitehouse.gov . April 11, 2017 . MR. SPICER: I think a couple things. You look – we didn't use chemical weapons in World War II. You had someone as despicable as Hitler who didn't even sink to using chemical weapons. So you have to, if you're Russia, ask yourself is this a country that you and a regime that you want to align yourself with? You have previously signed on to international agreements rightfully acknowledging that the use of chemical weapons should be out of bounds by every country. To not stand up to not only Assad, but your own word, should be troubling. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170506114026/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/11/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-4112017-36 . May 6, 2017 .
  70. News: Nicholas Fandos . Mark Landler . Sean Spicer Raises Outcry With Talk of Hitler, Assad and Poison Gas . The New York Times . April 11, 2017 . A13 . April 12, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170502180919/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/us/politics/sean-spicer-hitler-gas-holocaust-center.html . May 2, 2017 . Mark Landler .
  71. News: Tani . Maxwell . Sean Spicer apologizes for Hitler comparison: 'It really is painful to myself to know that I did something like that' . . April 12, 2017 . April 12, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170504082817/http://www.businessinsider.com/sean-spicer-apologizes-hitler-comparison-assad-2017-4 . May 4, 2017 .
  72. Sean Spicer Gobsmacks Press, Saying Hitler 'Did Not Use Gas On His Own People'. Lisa . de Moraes . Deadline . April 11, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170523112118/http://deadline.com/2017/04/sean-spicer-hitler-not-gas-people-syria-assad-holocaust-1202067756/ . May 23, 2017 .
  73. News: Grynbaum. Michael. 'I Screwed Up': Sean Spicer Apologizes for Holocaust Comments. The New York Times. April 12, 2017. July 31, 2017.
  74. News: Hadas . Gold . Hadas Gold. White House selectively blocks media outlets from briefing with Spicer . Politico . February 24, 2017 . July 31, 2017 .
  75. News: Sabrina . Siddiqui . Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing . The Guardian . February 25, 2017 . July 31, 2017 .
  76. News: Paul . Farhi . CNN, New York Times, other media barred from White House briefing . The Washington Post . February 24, 2017 . July 31, 2017 .
  77. News: Savage. Charlie. Twitter Users Blocked by Trump File Lawsuit. July 11, 2017. July 12, 2017. The New York Times.
  78. News: Sean Spicer resigns as White House press secretary. CBS News. July 21, 2017.
  79. Acosta, Jim; Diamond, Jeremy (June 20, 2017). "Sean Spicer Might Be Leaving White House Podium". CNN.
  80. Glenn Thrush (July 21, 2017). Sean Spicer Resigns as White House Press Secretary. The New York Times.
  81. News: Sarah Huckabee Sanders Is Officially Taking Sean Spicer's Old Job. Farber. Madeline. July 21, 2017. Time. July 21, 2017.
  82. News: Networks Pass on Sean Spicer for Paid Contributor Role . September 19, 2017 . Claire . Atkinson . NBC News . December 26, 2021 .
  83. News: Savransky . Rebecca . September 20, 2017 . TV networks won’t hire Spicer due to ‘lack of credibility’: report . . Washington, DC.
  84. News: May . Charlie . September 20, 2017 . Sean Spicer can't get a network job "due to lack of credibility" . . June 25, 2024.
  85. Web site: Gonzalez. Sandra. 2017-09-18. Sean Spicer tries to clean up his battered image with a surprise Emmy appearance. 2022-01-25. CNN. en.
  86. News: Sean Spicer Says He Regrets Berating Reporters Over Inauguration Crowds. Thrush. Glenn. September 18, 2017. The New York Times. September 24, 2017.
  87. News: Sean Spicer's Emmys cameo was Trump-approved: 'He thought I did a great job' . Hill . Libby . September 21, 2017 . Los Angeles Times . September 24, 2017.
  88. News: Spicer's note-taking could give investigators a Trump roadmap. Merica. Dan. Zeleny. Jeff. September 21, 2017 . CNN. September 24, 2017.
  89. News: Sean Spicer announces book to 'set the record straight' about Trump's campaign, presidency . The Washington Post . December 11, 2017 . January 15, 2018 . Travis M. . Andrews .
  90. Web site: President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate and Appoint Individuals to Key Administration Posts . July 31, 2019 . . . August 1, 2019 .
  91. Web site: Board of Visitors :: Public Affairs Office :: USNA . . May 18, 2020 . usna.edu . U.S. Naval Academy . May 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200504164110/https://www.usna.edu/PAO/Superintendent/bov.php . May 4, 2020 . The Board consists of six members appointed by the President, three appointed by the Vice President, four appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, one designated by the Senate Armed Services Committee and one designated by the House Armed Services Committee. .
  92. Web site: Biden ousts Conway, Spicer, other Trump appointees from military academy boards . September 8, 2021 . September 9, 2021 .
  93. Web site: Spicer fury at ABC News; Inslee exits on Maddow; Cuomo grills Ruddy; ABC debate details; Trump's wild gaggle; Drudge's front page; 'Bombshell' teaser . us11.campaign-archive.com . Reliable Sources . August 23, 2019 . August 21, 2019.
  94. News: For Sean Spicer, the Revolving Door Led to a Dance Routine in a Lime Green Shirt . Annie . Karni . September 17, 2019 . The New York Times . September 18, 2019 .
  95. News: Sean Spicer talks about his 'Dancing With The Stars' debut after headline-grabbing first appearance . September 17, 2019 . Fox News . Victor . Garcia . September 18, 2019 .
  96. News: Sean Spicer debuts as White House reporter during heated Trump coronavirus briefing . March 21, 2020 . March 20, 2020 . Politico . Perez . Juan Jr. .
  97. Web site: Sean Spicer leaves Newsmax . April 7, 2023 .
  98. News: Lane . Randall . Randall Lane (journalist). A Truth Reckoning: Why We're Holding Those Who Lied For Trump Accountable . 10 January 2021 . Forbes.
  99. News: 'We will be back in some form': Trump pledges political comeback at farewell event . Politico . January 20, 2021 . Quint . Forgey . January 20, 2021 .
  100. News: What happens when you tie your career to Donald Trump? Ask Sean Spicer in a few months. . Terris . Ben . August 16, 2016 . Terris . Ben . . January 31, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170126071111/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/what-happens-when-you-tie-your-career-to-donald-trump-ask-sean-spicer-in-a-few-months/2016/08/16/c492be3a-5f4f-11e6-8e45-477372e89d78_story.html . January 26, 2017 .
  101. News: Who Is Sean Spicer? 10 Things to Know About Trump's Pick for Press Secretary . Kayleigh . Roberts . . January 22, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170129010031/http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a8531830/sean-spencer-white-house-press-secretary/ . January 29, 2017 .
  102. News: Rebecca Spicer. National Beer Wholesalers Association. Nbwa: America's Beer and Beverage Distributors. July 27, 2015. February 7, 2016. February 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020419/https://www.nbwa.org/content/rebecca-spicer. live.
  103. News: J.A.. Donald Trump's spokesman quits. July 24, 2017. The Economist. July 22, 2017.
  104. News: Spicer gets his audience with the pope . Tara . Palmer . A devout Catholic, he told reporters ahead of President Donald Trump's meeting with the pope during his Vatican visit that he was looking forward to meeting the pope and had brought rosary beads to be blessed. . August 29, 2017 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002901/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/29/sean-spicer-meets-pope-vatican-242133?lo=ap_b1 . February 20, 2019.
  105. The Agony of Sean Spicer. Tina. Nguyen. Vanity Fair. May 19, 2017. February 9, 2017.
  106. News: 'Baghdad Sean' Spicer doubles down on crowd lies . Eric . Zorn . Chicago Tribune . May 19, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170223195630/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/zorn/ct-sean-spicer-trump-crowd-lies-perspec-0124-20170123-column.html . February 23, 2017 . January 23, 2017 .
  107. Web site: How Sean Spicer lost his credibility . Dylan . Byers . March 21, 2017 . CNNMoney . May 19, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170323013526/http://money.cnn.com/2017/03/21/media/sean-spicer-credibility/index.html . March 23, 2017 .
  108. News: Stableford . Dylan . Melissa McCarthy steals the show as a raging Sean Spicer on 'SNL' . . February 5, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170205151247/https://www.yahoo.com/news/melissa-mccarthy-steals-the-show-as-a-raging-sean-spicer-on-snl-142401746.html . February 5, 2017 . February 5, 2017 .
  109. Robinson . Joanna . S.N.L.: Watch Melissa McCarthy's Sean Spicer Return to Hit Donald and Ivanka Trump Where It Hurts . . February 12, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170212074437/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/02/melissa-mccarth-snl-sean-spicer-video-gum-shoe . February 12, 2017 . February 12, 2017 .
  110. News: Melissa McCarthy returns to 'SNL' as Sean Spicer in an Easter Bunny costume . Business Insider . April 16, 2017 . April 17, 2017 . Rebecca . Harrington . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170517122207/http://www.businessinsider.com/melissa-mccarthy-snl-sean-spicer-easter-bunny-hitler-2017-4 . May 17, 2017 .
  111. News: Morona. Joey. All the times Melissa McCarthy impersonated Sean Spicer, ranked. July 21, 2017. Cleveland. July 21, 2017.
  112. News: Gilbert . Sophie . The Genius of Melissa McCarthy as Sean Spicer on Saturday Night Live . . February 5, 2017 . February 5, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181713/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/02/the-genius-of-melissa-mccarthy-as-sean-spicer-on-saturday-night-live/515715/ . February 5, 2017 .
  113. News: Amatulli . Jenna . Sean Spicer Responds To Melissa McCarthy's 'Saturday Night Live' Sketch . . February 6, 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170206182643/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sean-spicer-responds-to-melissa-mccarthys-snl-sketch_us_58988795e4b0c1284f26d5ed . February 6, 2017 . February 6, 2017 .
  114. Web site: The Controversial Former White House Staffer Who Cameos in Army of the Dead. May 21, 2021.
  115. Web site: Army of the Dead: Sean Spicer's Cameo & Donald Trump Jokes Explained. Screen Rant. June 5, 2021.

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