Scolopendridae Explained

Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ)[1] is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).

Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli (simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (Scolopendropsis bahiensis, with 21 or 23 leg pairs,[2] and S. duplicata, with 39 or 43 leg pairs),[3] and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, and C. delta).[4] [5] Three Asian members of this family, Scolopendra cataracta, Scolopendra paradoxa, and Scolopendra alcyona, are known to show amphibious behaviour.[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Two other species, Scolopendra hardwickei and Hemiscolopendra marginata, are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.[12] [13]

Genera

Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)[14] [15]

Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)[16]

Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) [17] [18]

Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)[19]

The earliest record of this family is †Cratoraricrus, an extinct genus from the Early Cretaceous of the Crato Formation of Brazil.[20]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology . 1891 . Taylor and Francis, Ltd . 7 . London.
  2. Schileyko . Arkady A. . 2006 . Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) . Arthropoda Selecta . 15 . 1 . 9–17 . ResearchGate.
  3. Chagas-Junior. Amazonas. Edgecombe. Gregory D.. Minelli. Alessandro. 2008-09-29. Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa. 1888. 1. 36. 10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. 86220862 . 1175-5334. free.
  4. Jiang. Chao. Bai. Yunjun. Shi. Mengxuan. Liu. Juan. 2020-12-05. Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century. ZooKeys. en. 932 . 75–91. 10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. 32476974 . 7239954 . 1313-2970. free .
  5. Edgecombe. Gregory D.. Huey. Joel A.. Humphreys. William F.. Hillyer. Mia. Burger. Mieke A.. Volschenk. Erich S.. Waldock. Julianne M.. 2019. Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Invertebrate Systematics. 33. 6. 807–824. 10.1071/IS19015. 209585200 . 1445-5226.
  6. Web site: Anderson . Natali . 2021-04-22 . Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede Sci.News . 2022-09-06 . Sci.News: Breaking Science News . en-US.
  7. News: Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first. Holmes. O.. 1 July 2016. 1 July 2016. The Guardian.
  8. Web site: 'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered. Bates. M.. 26 June 2016. 1 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160626122234/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/amphibious-centipede-discovered-laos-scolopendra-cataracta-new-species/. dead. June 26, 2016. National Geographic.
  9. Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415
  10. A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos. W.. Siriwut. G. D.. Edgecombe. C.. Sutcharit. P.. Tongkerd. S.. Panha. ZooKeys. 590. 1–124. 2016. 10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. 4926625. 27408540. free.
  11. Web site: Centipede . 2022-09-06 . VEDANTU.
  12. Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.
  13. Nystrom . Gunnar S. . Ward . Micaiah J. . Ellsworth . Schyler A. . Rokyta . Darin R. . Nov 2019 . Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata) . Toxicon. 169 . 45–58 . 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001 . 1879-3150 . 31445069. 201644874 .
  14. Web site: Scolopendridae Leach 1814 - Encyclopedia of Life . 2022-08-29 . eol.org.
  15. Web site: ITIS - Report: Otostigminae . 2022-12-25 . www.itis.gov . en-US.
  16. Web site: Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903 . 2022-12-25 . www.gbif.org . en.
  17. Web site: Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937 . 2022-12-25 . www.gbif.org . en.
  18. Muadsub . Sawitree . Sutcharit . Chirasak . Pimvichai . Piyatida . Enghoff . Henrik . Edgecombe . Gregory D. . Panha . Somsak . 2012-09-14 . Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) . Zootaxa . 3484 . 1 . 35 . 10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2 . 1175-5334.
  19. Web site: ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae . 2022-08-29 . www.itis.gov.
  20. Web site: Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii. 17 December 2021. fossilworks.org.

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