Schoenoplectus pungens explained

Schoenoplectus pungens is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known as common threesquare, common three-square bulrush^[1] and sharp club-rush. It is a herbaceous emergent plant that is widespread across much of North and South America as well as Europe, New Zealand and Australia.^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]}

Habitat

Threesquare is found in open, sun-lit marshes and along the shores of lakes and ponds, in water up to deep. It is resistant to fire.^{[10] [11] [12] [13]}

Description

Schoenoplectus pungens is a long-lived perennial herb up to tall.^[11] The foliage is dark green, rough and dense. The small flowers are grouped in dense spikelets, with of 1–7 spikelets on each stem.^[11] The seeds are brown.^[11]

It is closely related to S. americanus, and many S. pungens specimens have long been misidentified as S. americanus.^[1]

External links

• Jepson Manual Treatment
• Washington Burke Museum
• Photo gallery

Notes and References

1. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357940 Flora of North America
2. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=263065 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
3. Web site: Family Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla. Wisplants. 4 February 2013.
4. Jermy, C., Simpson, D., Foley, M. & Porter, M. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles. B.S.B.I. Handbook No. 1, ed. 3: 1-554. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
5. Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
6. Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
7. Rothrock, P.E. (2009). Sedges of Indiana and adjacent states: the non-Carex species: 1-271. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
8. Danylyk, I.M. & Honcharenko, V.I. (2009). Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla (Cyperaceae), a new species for of the Ukrainian flora. Ukrayins'k Botanichnyi Zhurnal 66: 650-655.
9. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
10. Web site: Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla. CalFlora. 4 February 2013.
11. Web site: Conservation Plant Characteristics. USDA.gov. 4 February 2013.
12. Web site: Schoenoplectus pungens v. pungens (Scirpus pungens, Scirpus americanus). Native Plant Center. 4 January 2013.
13. Web site: Scirpus pungens Vahl three square. CalFlora. 4 February 2013.