Scherzo à la russe (Stravinsky) explained

Scherzo à la russe is a composition by Russian expatriate composer Igor Stravinsky. It was initially published by Chappell & Co. in 1945 and premiered in March 1946 by the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, conducted by the composer himself.^[1] It was later published by Boosey & Hawkes.^[2]

Composition

Stravinsky had been going through economical problems since he moved to America, partially because he lost the royalties from his works in Europe and had to compose more works to exploit them in America. The Scherzo à la russe was first conceived as a work for film use, as it was intended to be featured in The North Star. When the film project was aborted, Stravinsky decided to re-orchestrate it for Paul Whiteman Band.^[3] The only two conditions were: the piece had to be easy-listening and it had to fit on a 78 rpm disc.^[4] This version for jazz orchestra was premiered in 1944 by Blue Network but, according to Stravinsky scholar Eric Walter White, it didn't seem to be a success. Stravinsky decided to arrange it again in 1945 for symphony orchestra for it to be published and premiered in 1946 at San Francisco.

Analysis

The work takes approximately 4 minutes to perform. It is commonly analysed as follows:^[5]

• Main theme: Presented in G major in . The tune groups itself into four-bar phrases. One of the most remarkable aspects is the use of accents all along this first section: notes go in couples with no accent on the first note and an accent on the second, which is tied to the first. This effect recalls the wheezing sound patterns of accordions.
  • Trio I: Presented in B major. Features a canon between the piano and the harp, while three muted violins play rapid semiquavers. The melodic material, both here and in Trio II, derive from Russian themes extracted from Stravinsky's Sonata for Two Pianos.
• Main theme: First section repeated.
  • Trio II: This section is in ternary form. It can be divided as:
    • (A): Presented in C major. Saxophones become more relevant in this section, while the flute and a solo violin play rapid ascending scales.
    • (B): Presented in E major. Fortissimo drum beats accompany the previous tune, which is now transposed and modified.
    • (A′): Same structure as (A)
• Main theme: First section repeated, which concludes the piece.

Instrumentation

Original jazz version

The symphony jazz orchestra proposed by Paul Whiteman was very atypical for jazz music: 6 saxophones, strings, winds, brass and percussion.^[6]

Symphony orchestra version

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Piccolo 2 flutes 2 oboes 2 clarinets 2 bassoons

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4 horns 3 trumpets 3 trombones Tuba

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Timpani Bass drum Snare drums Xylophone Tambourine Triangle Suspended cymbal

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Harp Piano

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Violin I Violin II Viola Cello Double bass

Other arrangements

Apart from the symphony version completed in 1945, Stravinsky also wrote a third version for two pianos in 1944;^[7] however, it is not so commonly performed.

Notable recordings

Notable recordings of this composition include:

Orchestra	Conductor	Record Company	Year of Recording	Format	Version
RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra	Igor Stravinsky	Andante Records	1947	CD^[8]	Jazz Orchestra
Columbia Symphony Orchestra	Igor Stravinsky	CBS Records	1961	CD^[9]	Symphony Orchestra
London Symphony Orchestra	Antal Doráti	Deutsche Grammophon	1964	CD^[10]	Symphony Orchestra
Orchestre de la Suisse Romande	Ernest Ansermet	Decca Records	1964	CD^[11]	Symphony Orchestra
City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra	Simon Rattle	EMI	1987	CD^[12]	Symphony orchestra
Philharmonia Orchestra	Eliahu Inbal	Teldec	1989	CD^[13]	Symphony orchestra
Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra	Dmitri Kitayenko	Chandos Records	1994	CD^[14]	Jazz orchestra
Orpheus Chamber Orchestra	—	Deutsche Grammophon	1996	CD^[15]	Jazz orchestra
Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra	Paavo Järvi	Telarc	2003	CD^[16]	Symphony orchestra
Budapest Festival Orchestra	Ivan Fischer	Channel Classics Records	2010	CD^[17]	Symphony orchestra

Notes and References

1. Book: White, Eric Walter . Stravinsky: the Composer and his Works . March 6, 2013 . 1979. University of California Press . California . 0520039858 . 380–381.
2. Web site: Stravinsky, Igor: Scherzo a la Russe . Stravinsky . Igor . 1944 . Boosey & Hawkes . March 6, 2013.
3. Web site: Program Notes - April 15, 2000 . February 13, 2013 . Immaculata Symphony . March 6, 2013.
4. Web site: Ivan Hewett's Classic 50 No. 1: Stravinsky - Scherzo à la Russe . Hewett . Ivan . December 13, 2012 . Telegraph Media Group Ltd. . March 6, 2013.
5. Web site: Igor Stravinsky - Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra . Cummings . Robert . 2013 . Rovi Corp. . March 6, 2013.
6. Web site: STRAVINSKY - SCHERZO À LA RUSSE . Counts . Jeff . 2012 . Utah Symphony . March 6, 2013.
7. Book: Stravinsky . Igor . Scherzo à la Russe / Transcribed for 2 Pianos by the Composer / Übertragen für 2 Klaviere vom Komponisten . 1945 . Schott Music . London . 9790220103506.
8. Web site: Stravinsky: Composer & Performer, Vol. 3 Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
9. Web site: Stravinsky: The Firebird; Scherzo a la Russe; Fireworks Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
10. Web site: Stravinsky: The Firebird; Fireworks; The Song of the Nightingale; Tango; Scherzo à la russe - London Symphony Orchestra, Dor. Deutsche Grammophon. 8 March 2014.
11. Web site: Stravinsky: Ballets; Stage Works; Orchestral Works Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
12. Web site: Stravinsky: The Firebird; Scherzo à la russe; Four Studies Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
13. Web site: Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
14. Web site: Stravinsky:Petrushka. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
15. Web site: IGOR STRAVINSKY Concerto in D · Concertino Suiten · Suites Nos. 1 & 2 Präludium · Prelude Scherzo à la russe Tango · Ragtime · Fanfare Octet · Duet · 3 Pieces Orpheus Chamber Orchestra. Deutsche Grammophon. 8 March 2014.
16. Web site: Stravinsky: Petrouchka; The Firebird Suite; Scherzo à la Russe Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.
17. Web site: Stravinsky: Rite of Spring; Firebird Suite; Scherzo; Tango Scherzo à la Russe, for orchestra. Rovi Corporation. 8 March 2014.