There are 1274 scheduled monuments in the county of Cumbria, in North West England.[1] These protected sites date from the Neolithic period and include barrows, stone circles, Roman forts, standing stones, 19th century industrial sites, abbeys, and ruined castles.[2] In the United Kingdom, the scheduling of monuments was first initiated to ensure the preservation of "nationally important" archaeological sites or historic buildings. Protection is given to scheduled monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.[3]
| Image | Name | Location | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 54.4223°N -2.9688°W | 1st century AD | The fort was first occupied around 90 AD with the construction of a timber and turf fort. A larger stone fort replaced the timber fort during the reign of Hadrian (117-138 AD) and was probably abandoned 138–161 AD. | ||
| Early 12th century | A well-preserved medieval castle with a large quantity of surviving earthwork defenses and standing structures. | |||
| 54.1841°N -2.8335°W | 15th century | A late medieval tower house. Tower houses were common in the border regions of northern England and southern Scotland. Arnside tower is an excellent example of a Cumbrian peel tower. .[4] | ||
| Birdoswald Roman Fort & Hadrian's Wall | 54.9894°N -2.6023°W | early 2nd century AD | The Birdoswald Roman fort and a section of Hadrian's Wall and vallum between the River Irthing and the field boundaries east of milecastle 50. | |
| 54.5218°N -2.3244°W | 1092 | The monument includes Brough Castle and Brough Roman fort. The surviving castle remains are an excellent example of six centuries of continuous improvements. Substantial earthworks of the Roman fort is partially covered by the castle. | ||
| 54.654°N -2.7191°W | early 13th century | The castle's surviving remains include a great keep, a rare double gatehouse and a commanding southwest corner tower, known as the 'Tower of League'.[5] | ||
| Calder Abbey | 54.4442°N -3.4661°W | 1134 | Twelve monks from Furness Abbey, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, established the Savigniac abbey at Calder. The abbey became Cistercian in 1148. | |
| 54.8973°N -2.9419°W | 1092 | The monument consists of the surviving remains of the castle's medieval tower keep castle, a section of Carlisle city wall, a 16th century battery, and the underground remains of much of the Roman fort known as Luguvalium. | ||
| 54.6028°N -3.0984°W | 3200 BC to 2500 BC | An oval enclosure of 38 standing stones which contains a smaller enclosure and two barrows, and an outlying stone. | ||
| 54.1554°N -3.1865°W | 14th century | The monument includes both the above ground and below ground remains of Dalton Castle, which was previously used as the manorial courthouse of Furness Abbey. It was used as a prison from the early 13th century to the late 18th century. | ||
| 1123 | The abbey was established by Stephen, King of England. The surviving remains consist of most of the east end and west tower of the church, the chapter house and the cloister buildings.[6] | |||
| 54.6643°N -2.7511°W | 12th century | The monument includes two Anglian cross shafts and four hogback stones, located in St Andrew's churchyard, Penrith. It also includes a pair of tenth century Anglian crosses. | ||
| 54.2183°N -3.3263°W | Neolithic era | Two Neolithic standing stones located in a field on the coastal plain of west Cumbria, near Kirksanton village. | ||
| late 12th century | Founded by Augustinian cannons. What remains of the priory are the ruins of the chancel and transepts, and the 13th-century nave which was converted into a parish church.[7] | |||
| 54.7279°N -2.6677°W | Neolithic or Bronze Age era | A stone circle, a linear earthwork lying west of the stone circle, and a Neolithic enclosure to the north. | ||
| 2nd century AD | A ruined ancient Roman bath house located northeast to the Roman fort. | |||
| 1835 | A very large working mill which has produced millions of wooden bobbins essential to the Lancashire weaving and spinning industry.[8] | |||