Scenella Explained

Scenella is an extinct genus of fossil invertebrate animal which is generally considered to be a mollusc; at various times it has been suggested that this genus belongs with the gastropods, the monoplacophorans, or the helcionellids, although no firm association with any of these classes has been established.[1] An affinity with the hydrozoa (as a flotation device) has been considered, although some authors oppose this hypothesis.[2] A gastropod affinity is defended on the basis of six pairs of internal muscle scars,[3] whilst the serially-repeated nature of these scars suggests to other authors a monoplacophoran affinity. However the specimens showing this scarring have not been convincingly shown to belong to the genus Scenella. A similarity to the Ediacaran Ovatoscutum has also been drawn.[4]

Description

The shell of Scenella is elongated along its anterior-posterior axis, and comprises concentric rings around a conical central peak. Radial and concentric corrugations exist in some species.[5] Where they overlap, specimens deform as by draping.[5] Specimens are sometimes cracked or torn, with margins often damaged by folding or "tattering".[5] 1206 specimens of Scenella are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 2.29% of the community.[7]

Taxonomy

Scenella is the only genus in the family Scenellidae. This family has no subfamilies and Scenella is the type genus of the family Scenellidae.

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Scenellidae in the superfamilia Scenelloidea within the Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position.

Species

Species in the genus Scenella include:[8]

SpeciesAuthorityRange
Scenella affinisUlrich and Schfield, 1897
Scenella amii(Matthew, 1902) Babcock and Robinson 1988Burgess Shale (Mid Cambrian,)
Scenella anomala(Billings, 1865) Wagner 2008
Scenella augusta(Billings, 1865) Wagner 2008
Scenella barrandei(Linnarsson, 1879) (Bergerg-Madsen and Peel, 1986)[9]
Scenella beloitensisUlrich and Scofield (1897)
Scenella clothoWalcott, 1936
Scenella compressaUlrich and Scofield (1897)
Scenella conicaWhiteaves, 1884
Scenella conula(Walcott, 1884)
Scenella conicum(Whitfield, 1886) Ulrich and Scofield (1897)
Scenella hujingtanensisYu, 1979
Scenella magnificaUlrich and Scofield (1897)
S.? mira Vasil’yeva, 1994
Scenella montrealensisBillings (1865)
Scenella obtusa(Sardeson, 1892) Ulrich and Scofield (1897)
Scenella orithyia(Billings, 1865) Ulrich and Scofield (1897)
Scenella pretensaRaymond, 1905
Scenella radialisUlrich and Scofield (1897)
Scenella radiansBabcock & Robinson
Scenella radiataYu, 1979
Scenella reticulata(Billings, 1872) (type)[10]
Scenella retusa(Ford, 1873)[11]
Scenella unicarinata(Kobayashi, 1934) Wagner 2008
Scenella variansWalcott 1908
Scenella venillia(Billings, 1865) Wagner 2008
Scenella tenuistriataChapman, 1911Mid Cambrian[12]

External links

Notes and References

  1. 1984 . Yochelson . E. L. . Cid . D. G. L. . Reevaluation of the systematic position of Scenella . Lethaia. 17 . 4 . 331–340 . 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1984.tb00679.x. 2024-08-09 .
  2. 10.1017/s0022336000033837. Journal of Paleontology. 1992. 66. 2. Scenella and "A Chondrophorine (Medusoid Hydrozoan) from the Basal Cambrian (Placentian) of Newfoundland". Landing. Narbonne. 1305918. 338. 1992JPal...66..338L. 132296800.
  3. Journal of Paleontology. 1954. 28. 1. Internal Shell Structures in the Middle Cambrian Gastropod Scenella and the Problematic Genus Stenothecoides. Rasetti. 1300208. 59–66.
  4. Benjamin M. Waggoner. Allen G. Collins. A new chondrophorine (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Cadiz Formation (Middle Cambrian) of California. Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 0031-0220. 10.1007/BF02985970. 7–17. 1–2 . March 1995. 69. 1995PalZ...69....7W. 128662109.
  5. Babcock . L. E. . Robison . R. A. . 1988 . Taxonomy and paleobiology of some Middle Cambrian Scenella (Cnidaria) and Hyolithids (Mollusca) from western North America . 121 . 1–22 . University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions . 1808/3638.
  6. Some specimens are preserved as organic films, others appear to have been infilled with calcite. They are usually preserved point-upwards, with their long axes consistently oriented; this probably represents their most stable position under their depositional current. Soft parts have never been reported in association with Scenella, suggesting that the preserved fragments separated quickly from the associated tissue prior to burial.

    Fossil occurrence

    Scenella lived from the Cambrian to the Ordovician. Its remains have been found in Antarctica, Asia, Europe, and North America. Individual fossils are common throughout the Burgess shale, where they often occur in dense aggregations.[5]

  7. Caron . Jean-Bernard. Jackson . Donald A.. Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale. PALAIOS . 21 . 5 . 451–65. October 2006. 10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R. 20173022. 2006Palai..21..451C . 53646959 .
  8. http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=7864 Scenella
  9. BERGERG-MADSEN V, PEEL JS . 1986 . Scenella barrandei (Mollusca) from the Middle Cambrian of Baltoscandia . Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift . 81–86 . 66 . 1 .
  10. Nat. Can.. 2nd series. vi. On some fossils from the primordial rocks of Newfoundland. 465–479. 1872. Billings.
  11. American Journal of Science. 1873. Ford. On some new species of fossils from the Primordial or Potsdam group of Rensselaer County, New York (lower Potsdam). 3. 5. 27. 211–215. 10.2475/ajs.s3-5.27.211. 1873AmJS....5..211F. 130771815 .
  12. [Frederick Chapman (palaeontologist)|Chapman F.]