| Scaled Composites, LLC | |
| Type: | Division |
| Founded: | 1982 |
| Founder: | Burt Rutan |
| Key People: | Greg Morris, President Jennifer Santiago, Executive Vice President Kevin Mickey, President Emeritus |
| Location: | Mojave, California |
| Num Employees: | Over 200 |
| Industry: | Aerospace industry |
| Products: | Air vehicle design, tooling, and manufacturing, specialty composite structure design, analysis and fabrication, and developmental flight test |
| Parent: | Northrop Grumman |
Scaled Composites (often called simply Scaled) is an American aerospace company founded by Burt Rutan and currently owned by Northrop Grumman. It is located at the Mojave Air and Space Port in Mojave, California, United States. Founded to develop experimental aircraft, the company now focuses on designing and developing concept craft and prototype fabrication processes for aircraft and other vehicles. It is known for unconventional designs, for its use of non-metal, composite materials, and for winning the Ansari X Prize with its experimental spacecraft SpaceShipOne.
Scaled Composites was established in 1982 and purchased by the Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1985, as a result of the collaboration on the Starship project. In 1988, Beech's parent company, Raytheon, sold Scaled back to Rutan, who then sold it to Wyman-Gordon. After Wyman-Gordon was acquired by Precision Castparts Corp., Rutan and ten investors re-acquired the company as Scaled Composites, LLC. Northrop Grumman, a major shareholder in the company with a 40% stake, said it would acquire the company outright on July 20, 2007.[1] Both companies said Northrop Grumman's acquisition would not affect Scaled Composites' strategy or involve replacing Burt Rutan as senior manager.[2] The acquisition by Northrop Grumman was completed on August 24, 2007.[3] Rutan retired in April 2011.[4] Ben Diachun, a long time employee, was president of Scaled from Oct 31, 2015,[5] until April 2019.[6] [7] Cory Bird, another long-time employee, became president of Scaled in April 2019.[8]
Before forming Scaled Composites, Burt Rutan had designed several aircraft for amateur builders, including the VariEze, often considered one of general aviation's most innovative designs.[9] [10]
He also designed the Beechcraft Starship, which was a commercial failure. These aircraft were distinctive because of their canard configuration, winglets and pusher propellers.
In 2005, the single-jet GlobalFlyer was flown by billionaire adventurer Steve Fossett on the first solo non-stop, non-refueled flight around the world, and later in the longest flight in history: 41467.53km (25,766.73miles). It had been designed by Rutan, with aerodynamics by John Roncz, and built by Scaled Composites.[11] as the Model 311.
Although their role was not widely publicized, Rutan and Roncz, who had provided aerodynamics support to a number of previous Rutan projects including Starship, helped design, and Scaled Composites manufactured, the double slotted wing mast for the Stars & Stripes catamaran for Dennis Conner's entry in the 1988 America's Cup.[12]
See main article: Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne.
The company announced in April 2003 that it was working on a privately funded spacecraft, in an attempt to win the Ansari X PRIZE for the first private crewed spaceflight. This experimental rocket-powered spacecraft was given the name SpaceShipOne. On December 17, 2003, they announced SpaceShipOne's first supersonic flight, the first flight of its kind by a privately funded aircraft. SpaceShipOne successfully made this flight, reaching 68000feet and 930 mph (Mach 1.2). The craft was taken aloft by the White Knight carrier aircraft. On the same day, Paul Allen, one of the founders of Microsoft, confirmed publicly the rumors that he was the angel investor behind the SpaceShipOne venture.
On April 1, 2004, the U.S. Department of Transportation issued the company what it called the world's first license for a sub-orbital crewed rocket flight.[13] The license was approved by the Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Commercial Space Transportation, which has backed licenses for more than 150 commercial launches of uncrewed launch vehicles in its 20 years, but never a license for crewed flight on a sub-orbital trajectory. The Mojave Airport, operating part-time as Mojave Spaceport, is the launch point for SpaceShipOne. SpaceShipOne performed the first privately funded human spaceflight on June 21, 2004. Flight 16P on September 29, 2004, and Flight 17P on October 4, 2004, won the X-Prize for Scaled Composites and SpaceShipOne.
See main article: Scaled Composites Stratolaunch.
Scaled Composites Model 351 (nicknamed the "Roc") was built for Stratolaunch Systems to provide a platform from which air-launch space missions can be staged.[14]
In August 2015, Scaled Composites president Kevin Mickey stated the company has so far assembled "roughly 200,000 pounds of composite structure" for the vehicle and if put on a football field, "its wingtips would extend beyond the goalposts by 15 feet on each side."[15]
Each of the twin fuselages of the aircraft is 238feet long and will be supported by 12 main landing gear wheels and two nose gear wheels. It will require 12,000 feet of runway to lift-off.[16]
Burt Rutan created Rutan Aircraft Factory to market a commercial variation of his Model "VariViggen" prototype" he began building in his garage in 1968 which he called The Model 32, also known as the VariViggen SP. This model utilized a slightly longer fuselage, larger span and winglets in order to increase efficiency. Within 8 years after its founding, this company became one of the world's important aircraft design and prototyping companies.[17] The Rutan Aircraft Factory sold over 600 plan sets for the VariViggen to homebuilders, and eventually about 20 of the aircraft were built. Following the crash of one in New Brunswick, Canada, in September 2006 due to wing tank fuel contamination,[18] fewer than five are currently still flying. The prototype aircraft, N27VV, was donated to the EAA AirVenture Museum in 1988.
| Model | Name | First flight | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115 | 1982 | |||
| Scale model for radar cross-section tests of the stealth bomber | ||||
| 133 | 1986 | STOL, tandem-wing transport demonstrator | ||
| 143 | 1988 | Three-surface, twin-engine very light jet prototype for Beechcraft | ||
| 1992 | larger AAI RQ-2 Pioneer reconnaissance UAV | |||
| 1992 | Reconnaissance UAV for Teledyne Ryan (Northrop Grumman since 1999) | |||
| 1993 | structural aeroshell and control surfaces for McDonnell Douglas | |||
| 151 | 1990 | single-jet Close Air Support demonstrator | ||
| 1990 | Wings and fins for Orbital ATK | |||
| 158 | 1990 | twin-boom air racer | ||
| 1998 | UAV tiltrotor demonstrator for Bell Helicopter | |||
| 205/206 | 1991 designs for airlaunch of a booster rocket heavier than [19] | |||
| Orion Industries UAV Model 706 Sea Bat | 1995 | UAV prototype for the US Navy[20] | ||
| 247 | 1996 | prototype single-engine very light jet for VisionAire | ||
| 271 | 1997 | single jet demonstrator for Williams International | ||
| 276 | 1998 | fuselage of experimental emergency re-entry vehicle for the ISS | ||
| 281 | 1998 | High-Altitude Long Endurance twinjet with tandem wings | ||
| 1999 | Fuselage for the Rotary Rocket concept of a reusable SSTO manned spacecraft | |||
| 287 | proof of concept model for UAV | |||
| 309 | 2000 | Piston push-pull six-seater prototype for the Adam A500 | ||
| 326 | 2001 | Northrop Grumman Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle demonstrator | ||
| 302 | 2002 | prototype general aviation four-seater for Toyota | ||
| 316 | 2003 | experimental sub-orbital ship for air launch, within Tier One | ||
| 318 | 2003 | twinjet mother ship for SpaceShipOne derived from Proteus | ||
| 311 | 2004 | Solo Jet aircraft for nonstop circumnavigation | ||
| 339 | 2008 | |||
| 348 | 2008 | quadjet mother ship lifting the SpaceShipTwo to altitude | ||
| 351 | 2019 | built for Stratolaunch Systems to carry air launch to orbit rockets, largest aircraft by wingspan | ||
| 367 | 2011 | experimental hybrid electric flying car | ||
| 395 | Proteus development | Proposed unmanned and armed version for the USAF Hunter-Killer program | ||
| 396 | Smaller, armed version of the RQ-4 Global Hawk for the USAF Hunter-Killer program | |||
| 400 | 2016 | jet trainer contender for the T-X program | ||
| 401 | 2017 | manned and unmanned Close Air Support demonstrators | ||
| 2020 | Air-launched rocket for Virgin Orbit[21] |