Saxon (vehicle) explained

Saxon
Origin:United Kingdom
Type:Armoured personnel carrier
Is Vehicle:yes
Is Uk:yes
Service:1976-present
Used By:Operators
Designer:GKN Sankey
Design Date:1975-1976
Weight:9940kg (21,910lb) (standard)
11660kg (25,710lb) (combat)
Length:5.17m (16.96feet)
Width:2.49m (08.17feet)
Height:2.86m (09.38feet)
Crew:2
Primary Armament:7.62 mm MG
Secondary Armament:none
Engine:Bedford 500 6-cyl diesel
Engine Power:164hp
Transmission:Allison AT-545 automatic with 4 forward gears and 1 reverse gear
Payload Capacity:10 passengers
Fuel Capacity:153l
Pw Ratio:14.06hp/t
Suspension:leaf spring with hydraulic shock absorbers
Vehicle Range:510km (320miles)
Speed:96km/h

The Saxon is an armoured personnel carrier formerly used by the British Army and supplied in small numbers to various overseas organisations. It was developed by GKN Sankey from earlier projects, AT 100 IS and AT104, and was due to be replaced by the Future Rapid Effect System.

History

The British Army initially ordered a batch of 47 vehicles in early 1983, with first deliveries taking place in early 1984.

The second order for the British Army was a batch of 247 vehicles with the option for a further 200, the latter exercised in late 1985. The final deliveries of the 447 vehicles was complete by early 1989.

The Royal Artillery ordered 30 Saxons for use as command post vehicles armed with Rapier missiles. These vehicles were all delivered in early 1987.

In 1990, the British Ministry of Defence placed an order of around 100 vehicles as well an order of Saxon ambulances, with first deliveries taking place in 1991. These vehicles had a number of improvements over earlier models, including a Cummins 6BT 5.91-litre turbocharged six-cylinder diesel engine developing 160 bhp coupled with a fully automatic transmission.

The first operational Saxons were deployed in Germany in 1983, to equip mechanised infantry battalions. The Saxon has now been withdrawn from service in HM Armed Forces, but 147 are kept in storage. The Saxon has been deployed to places such as Bahrain, Brunei, Bosnia, Malaysia, Northern Ireland, Oman, Iraq and Afghanistan.

Seven Saxons were ordered by the Royal Hong Kong Police from GKN Sankey in 1987 and delivered in 1988 where they replaced 15 Saracens. They were assigned to the Police Tactical Unit[1] and remained there until withdrawn in 2009. In the Balkans, Saxons were outfitted with turrets taken from FV432s to serve as an improvised anti-sniper turret.[2]

75 Saxons were sold to Ukraine reportedly under a contract made in 2013, i.e. predating the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[3] The Ukrainian military announced the deal on 5 December 2014.[4] The former chief commander of British land forces, Richard Dannatt, said that supplying the vehicles to Ukraine was "immoral" as they were "useless" in high intensity warfare.[5] Most of them were outfitted with DShK and dual PK GPMGs.[6]

In Ukrainian service, the type has seen combat against Russian forces during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of May 2024, available video and photographic evidence indicates Ukraine has lost at least 14 Saxons during the invasion, with 8 being captured by Russian forces and 6 being destroyed.[7]

The last reported sighting of a Saxon in Ukrainian service was in January 2024. Due their age and poor condition after eight years of combat use, they have been largely replaced with modern MRAPs provided by the United Kingdom and other allied nations.[8]

Design

The Saxon was developed by GKN Defence (now BAE Systems) as the successor of the AT104.

Main improvements over the AT104 include changes in the armoured hull to provide an equal level of protection to the radiator, engine, transmission and crew; a redesigned hull floor to improve protection against landmines; a more powerful diesel engine and a shorter wheelbase for improved mobility and turning.

The hull is all-welded steel with the driver seated at the front on the right side (left-hand drive versions were also available for export) and the personnel compartment in the rear.

The driver can reach his seat from inside the vehicle or by an hatch over his position. There are bulletproof windscreens on the front and both sides.

The commander's cupola has four sides each with a vision block and a single-piece hatch cover. A 7.62 mm machine gun can be pintle-mounted if necessary. The commander module can be removed and replaced with another module with a different armament installation.

The personnel sits on padded bench seats located on each side of the vehicle which are equipped with seat belts, and leave by two doors on the rear and a single door in each side of the hull. Each door have a firing port and a vision block. There are additional firing ports in each side of the hull and a single firing port in the left forward side of the vehicle. The interior of the hull is lined with a 26mm thick thermal insulation and a forced air circulation system was installed by default on all vehicles.

The armoured hull provides protection against small arms including 7.62 mm armour-piercing rounds, and high-explosive shell fragments up to 155mm bursting at 10m (30feet) from the vehicle. The floor is V-shaped to give maximum protection against mine blasts, except for the axles, which are outside of the armoured compartment.

In British service, each vehicle carried a fully equipped rifle squad of 10. The British Army Saxons originally had a fixed observation cupola for the commander with a socket in each corner of the cupola for a 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun mount, no door on the left side of the vehicle, and fully enclosed external stowage bins. A total of 515 vehicles were fitted with L8 66 mm smoke grenade launchers.

Variants

Operators

Current operators

Former operators

Non-State Actors

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hong Kong's Saracen armoured police cars on patrol in small-town England . https://web.archive.org/web/20160126063602/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1903597/hong-kongs-saracen-armoured-police-cars-patrol-small-town . 26 January 2016 . 23 January 2016 .
  2. Web site: The Not So Secret Life of the Saxon – Think Defence . 14 February 2015 .
  3. Web site: Ukraine receives British troop carriers. 14 February 2015. 14 February 2015. The Guardian.
  4. Web site: Міноборони закупило 75 бронемашин Saxon.
  5. Web site: VIDEO: Embarrassing moment tank sent to Ukraine by UK struggles to climb TINY hill. Dion. Dassanayake. 25 March 2015.
  6. Web site: Saxon APCs in Ukraine . 22 May 2022 .
  7. Web site: Janovsky . Jakub . naalsio26 . Aloha . Dan . Kemal . Black . Alexander . Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine . Oryx . 16 May 2024 . 24 February 2022.
  8. News: Axe . David . When Ukrainian Troops Were Desperate For Armored Vehicles, In 2015, All They Could Get Were Old British Battle-Taxis . 16 May 2024 . Forbes . 30 March 2024 . en.
  9. https://web.archive.org/web/20101125130327/http://www.kaddb.com/public/English.aspx?Lang=2&Page_Id=397&site_id=1&Menu_Id=40&Menu_ID2=79
  10. Web site: British Saxon armored cars to be delivered to Ukrainian army after conversion and testing . 18 January 2017 . UNIAN (13 February 2015).
  11. News: Marcin Gawęda. "Useless" Saxon Vehicles Surprisingly Useful in Ukraine. Kiev Benefits From The "Cost-Effect" Ratio. Defence 24. 18 January 2017.
  12. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20111001035253/http://www.police.gov.hk/offbeat/889/eng/n02.htm. New Armoured Personnel Carrier on the way. Hong Kong Police Force. 2013-01-13. live. 2011-10-01.
  13. Web site: Trade Registers . Armstrade.sipri.org . 2018-05-08.
  14. Web site: Trade Registers . Armstrade.sipri.org . 2019-02-09.