Saturnaliidae Explained

Saturnaliidae is a family of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs found in Brazil, Argentina and possibly Zimbabwe. It is not to be confused with Saturnalidae, a family of radiolarian protists.[1]

Classification

In 2010, Martin Ezcurra defined the subfamily Saturnaliinae for the clade containing Saturnalia and Chromogisaurus, which were found to be close relatives in several studies. While they are sometimes found to be a subgroup within the Guaibasauridae,[2] all recent studies have found the saturnaliines to form an independent lineage at the very base of the sauropodomorph family tree.[3] At one point, Agnosphitys was recovered as a possible saturnaliine until it was recovered as a member of Silesauridae in 2017.[4] Langer and colleagues (2019) recovered Pampadromaeus and Panphagia as relatives of Saturnalia and Chromogisaurus, elevating Saturnaliinae to family rank as Saturnaliidae. In that particular paper, they recovered Guaibasaurus as a basal theropod.[5]

Additionally, Eoraptor, Buriolestes, Bagualosaurus and especially Nhandumirim are also possible members of this clade following their position in many recent phylogenetic analyses[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] and the new definition given by Langer et al. (2019), as "the maximal sauropodomorph clade to encompass Saturnalia but not Plateosaurus." In several of these analyses, Guaibasaurus is recovered as distantly related to Saturnalia, sometimes as a more basal sauropodomorph or saurischian, and in some cases specifically related to more derived taxa such as Macrocollum and Unaysaurus. This way a Guaibasauridae including Saturnalia and kin is no longer being supported.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: IRMNG - Saturnalidae Deflandre, 1953 †. 2021-11-24. www.irmng.org.
  2. Ezcurra, M. D.. 2010 . A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 . 3 . 371–425 . 10.1080/14772019.2010.484650. Ezcurra. Martin D.. 2010JSPal...8..371E . 129244872 .
  3. 2011 . A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina . PLOS ONE . 6 . 11 . e26964 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0026964 . Cecilia Apaldetti . Ricardo N. Martinez . Oscar A. Alcober . Diego Pol . amp . Claessens . Leon . 22096511 . 3212523 . 2011PLoSO...626964A . free .
  4. Baron, M.G., Norman, D.B., and Barrett, P.M. (2017). A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature, 543: 501–506.
  5. Langer MC, McPhee BW, Marsola JCdA, Roberto-da-Silva L, Cabreira SF (2019) Anatomy of the dinosaur Pampadromaeus barberenai (Saurischia—Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0212543. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212543
  6. Pacheco. Cristian. Müller. Rodrigo T.. Langer. Max. Pretto. Flávio A.. Kerber. Leonardo. Dias da Silva. Sérgio. 2019-11-08. Gnathovorax cabreirai : a new early dinosaur and the origin and initial radiation of predatory dinosaurs. PeerJ. en. 7. e7963. 10.7717/peerj.7963. 2167-8359. 6844243. 31720108 . free .
  7. Novas. Fernando E.. Agnolin. Federico L.. Ezcurra. Martín D.. Temp Müller. Rodrigo. Martinelli. Agustín G.. Langer. Max C.. October 2021. Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. en. 110. 103341. 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103341. 2021JSAES.11003341N.
  8. Garcia. Maurício S.. Müller. Rodrigo T.. Pretto. Flávio A.. Da-Rosa. Átila A. S.. Dias-Da-Silva. Sérgio. 2021-01-02. Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of a large-bodied dinosaur from the earliest dinosaur-bearing beds (Carnian, Upper Triassic) from southern Brazil. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. en. 19. 1. 1–37. 10.1080/14772019.2021.1873433. 2021JSPal..19....1G . 232313141. 1477-2019.
  9. Müller. Rodrigo T.. April 2021. A new theropod dinosaur from a peculiar Late Triassic assemblage of southern Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. en. 107. 103026. 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103026. 2021JSAES.10703026M. 229432076.
  10. Müller. Rodrigo Temp. Garcia. Maurício Silva. August 2020. A paraphyletic 'Silesauridae' as an alternative hypothesis for the initial radiation of ornithischian dinosaurs. Biology Letters. en. 16. 8. 20200417. 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0417. 32842895. 7480155. 1744-9561.
  11. Müller. Rodrigo T. Langer. Max C. Bronzati. Mario. Pacheco. Cristian P. Cabreira. Sérgio F. Dias-Da-Silva. Sérgio. 2018-05-15. Early evolution of sauropodomorphs: anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkably well-preserved dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. en. 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly009. 0024-4082.

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