Satellite tornado explained

A satellite tornado is a tornado that revolves around a larger, primary tornado and interacts with the same mesocyclone. Satellite tornadoes occur apart from the primary tornado and are not considered subvortices; the primary tornado and satellite tornadoes are considered to be separate tornadoes. The cause of satellite tornadoes is not known. Such tornadoes are more often anticyclonic than are typical tornadoes and these pairs may be referred to as tornado couplets.[1] Satellite tornadoes commonly occur in association with very powerful, large, and destructive tornadoes, indicative also of the strength and severity of the parent supercell thunderstorm.[2]

Satellite tornadoes are relatively uncommon. When a satellite tornado does occur, there is often more than one orbiting satellite spawned during the life cycle of the tornado or with successive primary tornadoes spawned by the parent supercell (a process known as cyclic tornadogenesis and leading to a tornado family). On tornado outbreak days, if satellite tornadoes occur with one supercell, there is an elevated probability of their occurrence with other supercells.

Satellite tornadoes may merge into their companion tornado although the appearance of this occurring is often an illusion caused when an orbiting tornado revolves around the backside of a primary tornado obscuring view of the satellite.[3] During the March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak, one member of a tornado family (rated F5) constricted and became a satellite tornado of the next tornado of the family before merging into the new primary tornado which soon also intensified to F5.[4]

Examples

Some examples of tornado couplets include the Tri-State Tornado,[5] multiple tornadoes during the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak,[6] the 2007 Greensburg tornado,[7] and the 2013 El Reno tornado.[8] Satellite tornadoes are more likely to be recognized in recent decades than in the far past as eyewitness accounts as well as damage survey information are often available for later events. The advent of storm chasing, in particular, boosts the likelihood that satellite tornadoes are noticed visually and/or on mobile radar.[9] These tornadoes may remain over open country and thus cause less structural damage and consequently are less widely known. Such examples include near Beloit, Kansas on 15 May 1990 and during Project VORTEX near Allison, Texas on 8 June 1995, among other events.[3]

List of confirmed satellite tornadoes

DatePrimary F#/EF#Primary locationSatellite F#/EF#Satellite locationFatalitiesEvent
May 30, 1879F4SW of Randolph, Kansas to Irving, Kansas to Dawson's Mill, NebraskaF?NW of Randolph, Kansas18 (60 injuries)
March 13, 1954F3Howard, Georgia to Roberta, Georgia to Macon, Georgia[10] F1Turner Chapel, Georgia to Fickling, Georgia[11] 5 (75 injuries)Tornadoes of 1954#March 13
May 16, 1961F1S of Mount Dora, New Mexico to NW of Clayton, New Mexico[12] F0Mount Dora, New Mexico[13] 0Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14–June 1, 1962 (List)
June 13, 1976F5SW of Luther, Iowa to Jordan, Iowa to SW of Gilbert, Iowa[14] [15] [16] F2S to N of Jordan, Iowa[17] 0 (9 injuries)Tornadoes of 1976#June 13
F3NE of Jordan, Iowa[18]
F4Lemont, Illinois to S of Downers Grove, Illinois[19] F1SW of Lemont, Illinois[20] 2 (23 injuries)
F0S of Lemont, Illinois
March 13, 1990F5Castleton, Kansas to Hesston, Kansas[21] F5Goessel, Kansas to NE of Hillsboro, Kansas[22] 2March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak
March 1, 1997F2F2S of College Station, Arkansas0March 1997 tornado outbreak
May 3, 1999F5SSW of Amber, Oklahoma to Moore, Oklahoma to W of Midwest City, Oklahoma[23] [24] F0N of Newcastle, Oklahoma36 (583 injuries)1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado
April 20, 2004F2N of Utica, Illinois to Ottawa, Illinois[25] F0E of Utica, Illinois0Tornado outbreak of April 20, 2004
May 4, 2007EF5Greensburg, Kansas[26] [27]
EF1NW of Coldwater, Kansas[28] 11 (63 injuries)Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007
EF0S of Greensburg, Kansas
EF0S of Greensburg, Kansas
EF0S of Greensburg, Kansas
EF0S of Greensburg, Kansas
May 23, 2008EF2N of Laird, Kansas[29] EF2SE of Arnold, Kansas[30] 0Tornado outbreak sequence of May 22–31, 2008
May 10, 2010EF3SW of Wakita, Oklahoma to E of Hunnewell, Kansas[31] EF0NW of Medford, Oklahoma[32] 0 (2 injuries)Tornado outbreak of May 10–13, 2010
April 9, 2011EF3W of Nemaha, Iowa to N of Ware, Iowa[33] [34] [35] EF2SE of Newell, Iowa[36] [37] 0Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2011
EF4W of Pocahontas, Iowa[38]
EF1NE of Varina, Iowa[39]
EF1NE of Varina, Iowa[40]
EF2WSW of Pocahontas, Iowa[41]
May 24, 2011EF5ESE of Hinton to Piedmont to NE of Guthrie, Oklahoma[42] EF0NW of Richland, Oklahoma[43] 9 (181 injuries)2011 El Reno–Piedmont tornado
November 7, 2011EF4SSW of Tipton, Oklahoma[44] EF0S of Tipton, Oklahoma0Tornadoes of 2011#November 7–8
May 28, 2013EF3S of Centralia, Kansas[45] EF1W of Corning, Kansas[46] 0Tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013
May 31, 2013EF3WSW of El Reno, Oklahoma to W of Yukon, Oklahoma[47] EF2SE of El Reno, Oklahoma8 (151 injured)2013 El Reno tornado
April 9, 2015EF4NNE of Franklin Grove, Illinois to NNW of Kirkland, Illinois[48] EF0 S of Belvidere, Illinois[49] 2 (11 injuries)2015 Rochelle–Fairdale tornado
April 27, 2016EF0ESE of Bedford, Iowa to S of Conway, Iowa[50] EF0S of Conway, Iowa[51] 0List of United States tornadoes from April to May 2016
May 9, 2016EF1ENE of Wapanucka, Oklahoma to N of Atoka, Oklahoma[52] EFUENE of Wapanucka, Oklahoma[53] 0List of United States tornadoes from April to May 2016
May 9, 2016EFUNW of Sawyer, Oklahoma to S of Spencerville, Oklahoma[54] EFUN of Sawyer, Oklahoma[55] 0List of United States tornadoes from April to May 2016
June 22, 2016EF1WNW of West Brooklyn, Illinois to NW of Compton, IllinoisEF0NE of West Brooklyn, Illinois0List of United States tornadoes from June to August 2016
June 6, 2018EF3N of Laramie, Wyoming[56] EF2N of Laramie, Wyoming[57] 0Tornadoes of 2018#June 6–8
July 19, 2018EF3Eastern Pella, Iowa[58] [59] EF0NE of Pella, Iowa[60] 0 (13 injuries)from June to July 2018
November 25, 2018F2Gulf of Taranto to Patù, Italy to Corsano, Italy to eastern Tricase, Italy[61] FUGulf of Taranto0Tornadoes of 2018#November 25 (Italy)
April 30, 2019EF2NW of Talala, Oklahoma[62] EFUW of Talala, Oklahoma[63] 0List of United States tornadoes in April 2019
September 10, 2019EF2N of Fort Laramie, Wyoming to NE of Lingle, Wyoming[64] EFUN of Fort Laramie, Wyoming to NE of Lingle, Wyoming0List of United States tornadoes from September to October 2019
March 13, 2021EF2SW of Happy, Texas to ESE of Canyon, Texas[65] EF1N of Happy, Texas[66] 0March 2021 North American blizzard
April 27, 2021EFUN of Haswell, Colorado[67] EFUNNE of Haswell, Colorado[68] 0List of United States tornadoes from April to June 2021
May 19, 2021EF0NW of Medford, Minnesota[69] EF0NW of Medford, Minnesota[70] 0List of United States tornadoes from April to June 2021
July 13, 2021EF2NE of Beachburg, Ontario to L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet, Quebec[71] EF1Sullivan Island, Ontario to Butternut Island, Ontario0
September 29, 2021F1Kiel, Germany (Meimersdorf District)[72] FUKieler Förde, Germany[73] 0 (7 injured)Tornadoes of 2021#September 29 (Germany)
October 12, 2021EF1Clinton, Oklahoma to SSE of Custer City, Oklahoma[74] EFUNE of Clinton, Oklahoma[75] 0
December 11, 2021EF3SW of Bowling Green, Kentucky to S of Plum Springs, Kentucky to NNW of Rocky Hill, Kentucky[76] EF2Southeastern Bowling Green, Kentucky to SE of Plum Springs, Kentucky[77] 16 (63 injuries)Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021
March 5, 2022EF3E of Derby, Iowa to E of Chariton, Iowa[78] EF0S of Chariton, Iowa[79] 1 (1 injured)Tornado outbreak of March 5–7, 2022
April 5, 2022EF2NNE of Bladon Springs, Alabama to W of McEntyre, Alabama[80] EF1NNE Coffeeville, Alabama0Tornado outbreak of April 4–7, 2022
May 4, 2022EF2W of Maud, Oklahoma to E of Little, Oklahoma[81] [82] EF0NE of Seminole, Oklahoma to ESE of Little, Oklahoma0Tornadoes of 2022#May 4–6 (Central and Eastern United States)
December 14, 2022EF2New Iberia, Louisiana[83] EFUSSW New Iberia, Louisiana0 (16 injuries)Tornado outbreak of December 12–15, 2022
June 28, 2023EF0SW of Kimball[84] EFUSW of Kimball0
April 30, 2024EF1NE of Hollister, Oklahoma[85] EF1SW of Loveland, Oklahoma[86] 0Tornadoes of 2024#April 30 – May 4 (United States)
May 25, 2024EF1NNW of Celina, Texas to W of Weston, Texas[87] EF3NE of Celina, Texas0Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Marshall, Tim . Timothy P. Marshall . David Hoadley (illust.) . Storm Talk . 1995 . Texas .
  2. Web site: Edwards . Roger . Satellite tornado . . 2006-04-04 . The Online Tornado FAQ . 2012-04-26 . 2006-09-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060929185156/http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/#satellite_tornado1 . dead .
  3. Web site: Edwards . Roger . Satellite Tornado . StormEyes . 2001 . 2014-03-22 .
  4. Davies . Jonathan M. . Jonathan M. Davies . C. A. Doswell . D. W. Burgess . J. F. Weaver . Some Noteworthy Aspects of the Hesston, Kansas, Tornado Family of 13 March 1990 . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. . 75 . 6 . 1007–17 . 1994 . 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1007:SNAOTH>2.0.CO;2. 1994BAMS...75.1007D . free .
  5. Johns . Robert H. . Robert H. Johns . D. W. Burgess . C. A. Doswell III . M. S. Gilmore . J. A. Hart . S. F. Piltz . The 1925 Tri-State Tornado Damage Path and Associated Storm System . e-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology . 8 . 2 . 2013 . 1–33 . 10.55599/ejssm.v8i2.47. free .
  6. Web site: Edwards . Roger . Roger Edwards (meteorologist) . Central Oklahoma Tornado Intercept: 3 May 1999 . StormEyes . 2002 . 2014-03-22 .
  7. Leslie R. . Lemon . Leslie R. Lemon . M. Umschied . The Greensburg, KS Tornadic Storm: A Storm of Extremes . 24th Conf Severe Local Storms . American Meteorological Society . 2008-10-27 . Savannah, GA .
  8. Wurman . Joshua . Joshua Wurman . K. Kosiba . P. Robinson . T. Marshall . The Role of Multiple-Vortex Tornado Structure in Causing Storm Researcher Fatalities . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. . 95 . 1 . 31–45 . 2014 . 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00221.1 . 2014BAMS...95...31W . free .
  9. Wurman . Joshua . Joshua Wurman . K. Kosiba . Finescale Radar Observations of Tornado and Mesocyclone Structures . Weather Forecast. . 28 . 5 . 1157–74 . 2013 . 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00127.1 . 2013WtFor..28.1157W . free .
  10. Web site: Georgia Event Report: F3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 5 May 2022. Web site: Georgia Event Report: F3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 5 May 2022. Web site: Georgia Event Report: F3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 5 May 2022.
  11. Web site: Georgia Event Report: F1 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 5 May 2022.
  12. New Mexico Event Report: F1 Tornado . National Weather Service . National Centers for Environmental Information . 10 September 2020.
  13. New Mexico Event Report: F0 Tornado . National Weather Service . National Centers for Environmental Information . 10 September 2020.
  14. Book: Grazulis . Thomas P. . Significant tornadoes, 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events . 1993 . Environmental Films . St. Johnsbury, Vermont . 1-879362-03-1.
  15. Iowa Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 7 April 2022.
  16. Iowa Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 7 April 2022.
  17. Iowa Event Report: F2 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 7 April 2022.
  18. Iowa Event Report: F3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 7 April 2022.
  19. Web site: June 13, 1976 Lemont Tornado . .
  20. Web site: A look back at the Lemont tornado of June 13, 1976 . . 5 June 2021 .
  21. Web site: Kansas Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 14 July 2022. Web site: Kansas Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 14 July 2022. Web site: Kansas Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 14 July 2022.
  22. Web site: Kansas Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 14 July 2022. Web site: Kansas Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 14 July 2022. Web site: Kansas Event Report: F5 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 14 July 2022.
  23. Web site: Risk Management Solutions. 2009. June 28, 2013. The 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak: 10-Year Retrospective. June 1, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110601123752/http://www.rms.com/Publications/1999_Oklahoma_Tornado_Outbreak.pdf. dead.
  24. Web site: National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2013. June 1, 2013. The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3–4, 1999 Storm A Information.
  25. Web site: Storm Events Database . . 9 April 2022.
  26. Web site: NWS Dodge City . Greensburg Tornado Rated EF-5 (updated May 22) . 2007-05-22 . May 12, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070512192557/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/crnews/display_story.php?wfo=ddc&storyid=7828&source=0 . live .
  27. Web site: NCDC Storm Reports . National Climatic Data Center . National Weather Service . 2008-02-29 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090509142712/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms . 2009-05-09 .
  28. Tanamachi . Robin L. . Bluestein . Howard B. . Houser . Jana B. . Frasier . Stephen J. . Hardwick . Kery M. . Mobile, X-band, Polarimetric Doppler Radar Observations of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, Tornadic Supercell . . July 2012 . 140 . 7 . 2103–2125 . 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00142.1 . American Meteorological Society. free . 2012MWRv..140.2103T .
  29. Web site: Storm Events Database - Event Details National Centers for Environmental Information. www.ncdc.noaa.gov.
  30. Web site: Storm Events Database - Event Details National Centers for Environmental Information. www.ncdc.noaa.gov.
  31. Web site: Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 25 May 2022. Web site: Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 25 May 2022. Web site: Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 25 May 2022.
  32. Web site: Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 25 May 2022.
  33. Iowa Event Report: EF2 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  34. Iowa Event Report: EF2 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  35. Iowa Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  36. Iowa Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  37. Iowa Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022 .
  38. Iowa Event Report: EF4 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  39. Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  40. Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  41. Iowa Event Report: EF2 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  42. Web site: 2011 . Oklahoma Event Report: EF5 Tornado . January 28, 2023 . National Centers for Environmental Information. Web site: 2011 . Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado . January 28, 2023 . National Centers for Environmental Information. Web site: 2011 . Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado . January 28, 2023 . National Centers for Environmental Information.
  43. Web site: 2011 . Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado . January 28, 2023 . National Centers for Environmental Information.
  44. Web site: The Severe Weather Event of November 7-8, 2011 . 8 November 2022 . National Weather Service.
  45. National Weather Service Office in Topeka, Kansas. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2013. February 20, 2017. Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado.
  46. National Weather Service Office in Topeka, Kansas. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2013. February 20, 2017. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado.
  47. Web site: National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 31, 2013. June 7, 2013. Central Oklahoma Tornadoes and Flash Flooding – May 31, 2013.
  48. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Chicago, Illinois. Illinois Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 31, 2015.
  49. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Chicago, Illinois. Illinois Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 31, 2015.
  50. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Des Moines, Iowa. Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. December 7, 2016.
  51. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Des Moines, Iowa. Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. December 7, 2016.
  52. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. December 10, 2016.
  53. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EFU Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. December 10, 2016.
  54. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EFU Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. December 10, 2016.
  55. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EFU Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2016. December 10, 2016.
  56. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Wyoming Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Mesonet. 2018. March 2, 2019.
  57. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Wyoming Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Mesonet. 2018. March 2, 2019.
  58. Iowa Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  59. Iowa Event Report: EF2 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  60. Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 8 April 2022.
  61. Web site: Grosso tornado si abbatte a nord di Crotone: devastato centro commerciale, auto scaraventate via . Inmeteo.net . 2018-11-25 . 2022-05-06.
  62. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2019. December 21, 2019.
  63. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EFU Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2019. December 21, 2019.
  64. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Wyoming Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2019. January 18, 2020.
  65. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas. NWS Damage Survey for 3/13/21 Tornado Event Update #3. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. March 18, 2021. March 18, 2021.
  66. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database March 13, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. June 16, 2021.
  67. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database April 27, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. August 12, 2021.
  68. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database April 27, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. August 12, 2021.
  69. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database May 19, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. August 28, 2021.
  70. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database May 19, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. August 28, 2021.
  71. Web site: New ON tornadoes on May 25, Jun 11 and Jul 13 . 2022-09-06 . www.uwo.ca . en .
  72. Web site: Several injured after tornado hits German city of Kiel. October 3, 2021. Euronews.com. September 30, 2021. October 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211003184034/https://www.euronews.com/2021/09/30/several-injured-after-tornado-hits-german-city-of-kiel. live.
  73. Web site: European Severe Weather Database . eswd.eu . 25 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220120181143/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=18111680794&force_dynamic_map=true%3B . 20 January 2022 . dead.
  74. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database October 12, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. January 24, 2022.
  75. National Centers for Environmental Information. Storm Events Database October 12, 2021. National Centers for Environmental Information. January 24, 2022.
  76. National Weather Service in Louisville, Kentucky. Kentucky Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2021. March 20, 2022.
  77. National Weather Service in Louisville, Kentucky. Kentucky Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information. 2021. March 20, 2022.
  78. NWS Des Moines. NWSDesMoines. Chariton/Red Haw State Park Tornado Peak Intensity: EF-3 (138 MPH) Path Length: 16.5 Miles 1 Injury, 1 Fatality. 1500604091134713856.
  79. Web site: ArcGIS Web Application . apps.dat.noaa.gov . March 8, 2022.
  80. National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama. NWS Damage Survey for 04/05/22 Clarke County Tornado Event. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. April 7, 2022. April 7, 2022.
  81. Web site: National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. NWS Damage Survey for May 2 and May 4 Tornado Events. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 6, 2022. May 6, 2022.
  82. Web site: We assessed damage from the tornado that moved from SW of Cromwell to NW of Okemah yesterday, and found EF-1 damage associated with it. It was very large as it approached/crossed I-40. We will continue our damage surveys for the area today. More details late this evening. . Twitter . National Weather Service Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma . 6 May 2022 . en.
  83. Web site: ...NWS Damage Survey for 12/14/22 Tornado Event...Update . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service . 29 December 2022.
  84. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 06/28/2023 Kimball County Tornado Event . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service . 29 June 2023 . 29 June 2023.
  85. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 04/30/24 Tornado Event - Update #2 . . 2 May 2024 . 16 June 2024 .
  86. Web site: Rare 'backward-spinning' tornado among twisters wreaking havoc in Oklahoma Tuesday . . 1 May 2024 . 16 June 2024 .
  87. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for May 25th Tornado Event - Update # 2 . . 27 May 2024. 22 June 2024 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Satellite tornado".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.