Serravallian Explained
| Serravallian |
| Color: | Serravallian |
| Time Start: | 13.82 |
| Time End: | 11.63 |
| Timeline: | Neogene |
| Formerly Part Of: | Tertiary Period/System |
| Chrono Name: | Formal |
| Celestial Body: | earth |
| Usage: | Global (ICS) |
| Timescales Used: | ICS Time Scale |
| Chrono Unit: | Age |
| Strat Unit: | Stage |
| Timespan Formality: | Formal |
| Lower Boundary Def: | Mi3b Oxygen-isotopic event (Global cooling episode) |
| Lower Gssp Location: | Ras il Pellegrin section, Fomm ir-Riħ Bay, Malta |
| Lower Gssp Accept Date: | 2007[1] |
| Upper Boundary Def: | LAD of the Haptophyte Discoaster kugleri |
| Upper Gssp Location: | Monte dei Corvi Beach section, Ancona, Italy |
| Upper Gssp Accept Date: | 2003[2] |
The Serravallian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series, which spans the time between 13.82 Ma and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the Langhian and is followed by the Tortonian.[3]
It overlaps with the middle of the Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zone, the upper Barstovian and lower Clarendonian North American Land Mammal Ages and the Laventan and lower Mayoan South American Land Mammal Ages. It is also coeval with the Sarmatian and upper Badenian Stages of the Paratethys time scale of Central and eastern Europe.
Definition
The Serravallian Stage was introduced in stratigraphy by the Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto in 1865.[4] It was named after the town of Serravalle Scrivia in northern Italy.
The base of the Serravallian is at the first occurrence of fossils of the nanoplankton species Sphenolithus heteromorphus and is located in the chronozone C5ABr. The official Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Serravallian is in the 'Ras il-Pellegrin' section, located at the 'Ras il-Pellegrin' headland in the vicinity of 'Fomm ir-Rih' Bay, SW Malta.The base of the Serravallian is represented in the field as the formation boundary between the Globigerina Limestone formation and the Blue Clay formation.[5] The base of the Serravallian is related to the Mi3b oxygen isotope excursion marking the onset of the Middle Miocene Cooling step.
The top of the Serravallian (the base of the Tortonian Stage) is at the last common appearance of calcareous nanoplanktons Discoaster kugleri and planktonic foram Globigerinoides subquadratus. It is also associated with the short normal-polarized chronozone C5r.2n.
Paleontology
Cartilaginous fish
†Otodus[6]
Birds
Clangula sp.[7]
Mammals
†Anoiapithecus[8]
Reptiles
Pogona and Diporiphora diverged from their last common ancestor during the Serravallian. [9]
References
Notes
- Hilgen . F. J. . H. A. Abels . S. Iaccarino . W. Krijgsman . I. Raffi . R. Sprovieri . E. Turco . W. J. Zachariasse . The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene) . Episodes . 2009 . 32 . 3 . 152–166 . 26 December 2020 . 10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002 . free .
- Hilgen . F. J. . Hayfaa Abdul Aziz . Bice . David . Iaccarino . Silvia . Krijgsman . Wout . Kuiper . Klaudia . Montanari . Alessandro . Raffi . Isabella . Turco . Elena . Willem-Jan Zachariasse . The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Tortonian Stage (Upper Miocene) at Monte Dei Corvi . Episodes . 2005 . 28 . 1 . 6–17 . 26 December 2020 . 10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i1/001 . free .
- Gradstein et al. (2004)
- Web site: Lorenzo Pareto, Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional In Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, volume 22, série 2, pp. 210-277 . 2013-03-09 . 2021-01-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210115094748/http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr/fonds-bulsgf/GB_000037_001/document.pdf?name=GB_000037_001_pdf.pdf . dead .
- Web site: GSSP Table - All Periods . https://web.archive.org/web/20200511213157/http://www.stratigraphy.org/gssp/ . 2020-05-11.
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0111086. 25338197. When Did Carcharocles megalodon Become Extinct? A New Analysis of the Fossil Record. PLOS ONE. 9. 10. e111086. 2014. Pimiento . C. . Clements . C. F.. 2014PLoSO...9k1086P . 4206505. free.
- Gál . Erika . Hír . János . Kessler . Eugén . Kókay . József . 1998–1999 . Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely . Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the Rákóczi chapel at Mátraszőlős. Locality Mátraszõlõs I. . hu . Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis . 23 . 33–78 . 2007-02-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721111701/http://www.matramuzeum.hu/Personal/folia/23/03MATSZOLOS.PDF . 2011-07-21 . dead .
- Moyà-Solà . S. . Albab . David M. . Almécija . Sergio . Casanovas-Vilar . I . Köhler . M . De Esteban-Trivigno . S . Robles . JM . Galindo . J . Fortuny . J . 2009 . A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade . . 106 . 24 . 9601–9606 . 10.1073/pnas.0811730106 . 19487676 . 2701031 . 2009PNAS..106.9601M . free . .
- Hugall . Andrew . Foster . Ralph . Hutchinson . Mark . Michael . Lee . Phylogeny of Australasian agamid lizards based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes: implications for morphological evolution and biogeography . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . January 2008 . 93 . 2 . 343–358 . 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00911.x . free .
Literature
- 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
- 1865: Note sur la subdivision que l'on pourrait etablir dans les terrains de l'Apennin septentrional, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2(22), p. 210-277.
External links
