Saran district explained

Saran district
Settlement Type:District
Total Type:Total
Coordinates:25.9167°N 129°W
Coor Pinpoint:Chhapra
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:India
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Bihar
Subdivision Type2:Division
Subdivision Name2:Saran
Established Title:Established
Seat Type:Headquarters
Seat:Chhapra
Parts Type:Tehsils
Parts Style:para
P1:20
Area Total Km2:2641
Population As Of:2011
Population Total:3,951,862
Population Density Km2:auto
Demographics Type1:Demographics
Demographics1 Title1:Literacy
Demographics1 Info1:72.57 per cent
Demographics1 Title2:Sex ratio
Demographics1 Info2:949
Leader Title1:Lok Sabha constituencies
Leader Name1:1. Saran, 2. Maharajganj (shared with Siwan district)
Leader Title2:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
Leader Name2:Ekma, Manjhi, Baniapur, Taraiya, Marhaura, Chapra, Garkha, Amnour, Parsa, Sonpur
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+05:30
Blank Name Sec1:Major highways
Blank Info Sec1:NH 28B, NH 85, NH 101, NH 102, NH 19
Postal Code Type:PIN Code
Postal Code:841206

Saran district is one of the 38 districts of Indian state of Bihar.[1] The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

It is considered as one of the richest zamindaris of Bihar after Raj Darbhanga, Hathwa Raj, Bettiah Raj and Raj Najarganj, Saran Raj.

Typonym

It is said that "Saran" is a corrupted version of the word Sarangaranya (forest of deer). According to legend, earlier it was a dense forest full of deer and the home of Rishi Sarangi. Another suggestion is that the name is corruption of Sakra-aranya (the forest of Indra).[2]

History

Chirand, 10 kilometres east of Chhapra, is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period.[3] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.[4]

Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in the Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.[5]

The Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016.[6] [7] [8] [9]

Geography

Saran district occupies an area of 2641km2,[10] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.

The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the GandakGanges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:

India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.[11] This long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk,[12] is being constructed at the cost of 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).[13] [14] It is longer than the double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road.[15] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022.[16] The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters.[17] The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the police lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on the western side of Chhapra. The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be long and the lower portion .

Politics

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Economy

Saran was earlier called a 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there.[18] [19] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[20]

It is a primarily agriculture based rural and suburban region with little industrial output. This can partly be attributed to the non business friendly socialism inspired governments led by RJD in the region from 2001 to 2014. That period was marked by unethical election practices.[21]

Government

The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is IAS Aman Samir.[22] The Divisional Commissioner is Sarvanan M(I.A.S).[23]

The district has three subdivisions, 20 community development blocks and 1,807 villages.

Subdivisions

Blocks

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862,[24] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[25] or the US state of Oregon.[26] This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640).[24] The district has a population density of 1493PD/sqkm.[24] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%.[24] Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1,000 males,[24] and a literacy rate of 68.57%. 8.94% of the population lives in urban areas.[24]

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.16% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri, 4.45% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language.[27]

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 million speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.[28]

Transport

The nearest airport to Saran District is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) away.

Notable people

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: रेल व मुख्य सड़कमार्ग पर सरपट दौड़ती हैं गाड़ियां -. Jagran.
  2. Book: Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Saran. 2007. 9788172681364. 1–2. O'Malley. L. S. S.. Concept Publishing Company .
  3. Web site: BIHAR: A QUICK GUIDE TO SARAN.
  4. Book: Historical dictionary of Ancient India. 9780810853669. Roy. Kumkum. 2009. Rowman & Littlefield .
  5. Book: Yang , Anand A. . Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar . . 1999 . 978-0-520-21100-1 . 305 (at page 69) .
  6. Web site: Saran Gazetteer PDF DM Deepak Anand.
  7. News: Execution of rail projects Saran's biggest gain in '16. The Times of India. 30 December 2016 .
  8. Web site: सृजन से जाने सारण जिले की थाती को -. Jagran.
  9. Web site: 'सारण सृजन' विवरणिका का डीएम ने किया लोकार्पण | #ChhapraToday.com | छपरा टुडे डॉट कॉम |. September 7, 2016. chhapratoday.com.
  10. Book: Srivastava, Dayawanti . others . 1 . India 2010: A Reference Annual . States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government . 54th . . 2010 . New Delhi, India . 1118–1119 . 978-81-230-1617-7.
  11. News: Chhapra to get Bihar's first double-decker flyover. The Times of India. 12 July 2018 .
  12. Web site: Two-deck flyover cost: Rs 411cr. https://web.archive.org/web/20180712123632/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1171010/jsp/bihar/story_177206.jsp. dead. July 12, 2018.
  13. News: CM to open highway at Chhapra. The Times of India. 10 July 2018 .
  14. Web site: Chhapra road bounty . www.telegraphindia.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180712085400/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp . 2018-07-12.
  15. Web site: Saran to beat Mumbai marvel. https://web.archive.org/web/20180712090328/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/saran-to-beat-mumbai-marvel-238608. dead. July 12, 2018.
  16. Web site: Flyover first on Lalu's once turf. https://web.archive.org/web/20180712092037/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/flyover-first-on-lalu-s-once-turf-244184. dead. July 12, 2018.
  17. News: Soon, Chhapra to get double-decker flyover. The Times of India. 23 June 2018 .
  18. Web site: मनीऑर्डर इकॉनोमी से स्वावलंबन की ओर सारण . 12 July 2018 . hi.
  19. News: दानापुर-दिघवारा प्रस्तावित पुल सारण को बनायेगा मिनी 'नोएडा'. Prabhat Khabar . hi.
  20. Web site: Ministry of Panchayati Raj. September 8, 2009. A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. National Institute of Rural Development. September 27, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf. April 5, 2012.
  21. 17 July 2015 . Sample Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour, Belief and Practices (KABBP) & Expenditure - Sensitive Constituencies in Bihar . ECI Bihar's CIMP Report . 1 .
  22. http://saran.bih.nic.in
  23. Web site: Contact Details of Officers in Saran Commissionary. sarandivision.bih.nic.in.
  24. Web site: 2011 . District Census Handbook: Saran . . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  25. Web site: US Directorate of Intelligence . Country Comparison:Population . https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html . dead . June 13, 2007 . 2011-10-01 . Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est..
  26. Web site: 2010 Resident Population Data. U. S. Census Bureau. 2011-09-30. Oregon 3,831,074.
  27. Web site: 2011 . Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar . censusindia.gov.in . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  28. Encyclopedia: M. Paul Lewis . Ethnologue: Languages of the World . Bhojpuri: A language of India . 2011-09-30 . 16th . 2009 . SIL International . Dallas, Texas.