A Little Princess Explained

A Little Princess
Author:Frances Hodgson Burnett
Illustrator:
Country:United Kingdom
Language:English
Genre:Children's literature
Publisher:Charles Scribner's Sons
Pub Date:September 1905
Media Type:Print (hardcover)
Pages:324
Congress:
  • PZ7.B934 Sa
  • PZ7.B934 S (1888)
  • PZ7.B934 S23 (1938)
Notes:Copyright: Public Domain (in most countries)

A Little Princess is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett, first published as a book in 1905. It is an expanded version of the short story "Sara Crewe: or, What Happened at Miss Minchin's", which was serialized in St. Nicholas Magazine from December 1887, and published in book form in 1888. According to Burnett, after she composed the 1902 play A Little Un-fairy Princess based on that story, her publisher asked that she expand the story as a novel with "the things and people that had been left out before".[1] The novel was published by Charles Scribner's Sons (also publisher of St. Nicholas Magazine) with illustrations by Ethel Franklin Betts and the full title A Little Princess: Being the Whole Story of Sara Crewe Now Being Told for the First Time.

Plot

Captain Ralph Crewe, a wealthy English widower, has been raising his only child and daughter, Sara, in India where he is stationed with the British Army. Because the Indian climate is considered too harsh for their children, British families living there traditionally send their children to boarding school back home in England. The Captain enrolls his seven-year-old daughter at an all-girls boarding school in London and dotes on his daughter so much that he orders and pays the haughty headmistress, Miss Minchin, for special treatment and exceptional luxuries for Sara, such as a private room for her with a personal maid and a separate sitting room (see parlour boarder), along with Sara's own private carriage and a pony. Miss Minchin openly fawns over Sara for her money, but is secretly envious and dislikes Sara almost from the outset.

Intelligent, imaginative and kind, Sara sees through flattery and remains unspoiled; she embraces the status of a 'princess' accorded by the other students, and lives up to it with her compassion and generosity. She befriends Ermengarde, the school dunce; Lottie, a four-year-old student given to tantrums; and Becky, the stunted scullery maid.Four years later, Sara's eleventh birthday is celebrated at Miss Minchin's with a lavish party. Just as it ends, Miss Minchin learns of Captain Crewe's unfortunate demise due to jungle fever. Furthermore, the previously wealthy captain has lost his entire fortune, investing in a friend's diamond mines. Preteen Sara is left an orphan and a pauper with nowhere to go. Miss Minchin is left with a sizable debt for Sara's school fees and luxuries, including her birthday party. Infuriated and pitiless, she takes away all of Sara's possessions (except for an old black frock and her doll, Emily), and makes her live in a cold and poorly furnished attic, forcing her to earn her keep by working as a servant.

For the next two years Miss Minchin starves and overworks Sara, turning her into a menial servant and unpaid tutor, with the prospect of turning her into an under-paid teacher when she is old enough. Most of the students take their tone from Miss Minchin, but Sara is consoled by her few friends and uses her imagination to cope with her bleak existence. She continues to be kind and polite to everyone, even her abusers, in the belief that conduct, not money, make a true princess. On one of the bleakest days when she herself is ravenous, she finds a coin and buys six buns, but gives a beggar-child five of them because the latter is starving.

During this time Mr. Carrisford moves into the house next to the seminary. He is an extremely wealthy invalid come from abroad and retains Mr. Carmichael, a solicitor who lives nearby. Sara has often observed Mr. Carmichael's big and loving family, whom she has dubbed the “Large Family” - while they are equally curious about her and call her “the little girl who is not a beggar.”

Mr. Carrisford is revealed to have been Captain Crewe's partner in the diamond mine venture. Thinking all was lost and both suffering from severe illness, Carrisford abandoned Captain Crewe and wandered in a delirium. When he recovered, it was to find Crewe dead - and the mines a reality. Extremely rich but suffering both ill health and pangs of conscience, he returns to England and makes it his mission to find Sara, though he does not know where to look.

Meanwhile Ram Dass, Mr Carrisford's Indian servant, climbs across the roof to retrieve a pet monkey which has taken refuge in Sara's attic. He sees the poor condition of her room and, touched by her courtesy and demeanor, sets out to discover her history. To distract his master from his own sorrows, he tells Mr Carrisford about the "little girl in the attic." Between them they devise a scheme whereby Mr Carrisford becomes "The Magician", a mysterious benefactor who transforms her barren existence with gifts of food and warmth and books – snuck in by Ram Dass.

One night the monkey again visits Sara's attic, and she decides to return it to Mr. Carrisford next morning. He learns that Sara is Captain Crewe's daughter; Sara also learns that Mr. Carrisford was her father's friend – and The Magician.

Miss Minchin pays a visit to collect Sara, but is informed that Sara will be living with Mr. Carrisford from now on; not only is her fortune restored, she is now heiress to diamond mines. Miss Minchin tries to retrieve the situation, going so far as to threaten legal action if she does not return to the school, and that she will never see any of her friends again, but Sara refuses and Mr Carrisford is adamant. Becky becomes Sara's personal servant and, with her newfound wealth, Sara makes a deal with a baker, proposing to cover the cost of food given to any hungry child.

Reception

Based on a 2007 online poll, the U.S. National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[2] In 2012 it was ranked number 56 on a list of the top 100 children's novels published by School Library Journal.[3]

Source material

The novella appears to have been inspired in part by Charlotte Brontë's unfinished novel Emma, the first two chapters of which were published in Cornhill Magazine in 1860, featuring a rich heiress with a mysterious past who is apparently abandoned at a boarding school.[4]

Play

Burnett first introduced Sara Crewe in 1888 in print.[5] She returned to the material in 1902, penning the three-act stage play A Little Un-fairy Princess, which ran in London over the autumn of that year. Around the time it transferred to New York City at the start of 1903 the title was shortened to A Little Princess. It was A Little Princess in London, but The Little Princess in New York.

Burnett said that after the production of the play on Broadway, her publisher, Charles Scribner's Sons, asked her to expand the story into a full-length novel and "put into it all the things and people that had been left out before".[6] The book was illustrated by Ethel Franklin Betts[6] and published in 1905 under the full title A Little Princess: Being the Whole Story of Sara Crewe Now Being Told for the First Time.[7]

Adaptations

Film

Television

Musicals

Due in part to the novel's public domain status, several musical versions of A Little Princess have emerged in recent years, including:

Some of these productions have made significant changes to the book, story and characters, most notably the Sickinger/Atkey version, which moves the action to Civil War-era America.

In addition, Princesses, a 2004 musical currently in development for Broadway, features students at a boarding school presenting a production of A Little Princess. Music and book by Cheri Steinkellner and Bill Steinkellner; lyrics and direction by David Zippel.

Other theatre

Related books

In 1995, Apple published a series of three books written by Gabrielle Charbonnet. "The Princess Trilogy" was an updated version of the classic, with the title character named Molly, rather than Sara. Molly Stewart's father was a famous film director who left his daughter in a posh upscale boarding school. There were three books in the series, which ended in a similar way as the original: Molly's Heart, The Room on the Attic, and Home at Last.

A sequel by Hilary McKay was published by Hodder Children's Books in September 2009: Wishing For Tomorrow: The Sequel to A Little Princess.[14] It tells the story of what happened to the rest of the boarding school girls after Sara and Becky left ("life must go on at Miss Minchin's").

In 2017 a further sequel was published by Scholastic, The Princess and the Suffragette by Holly Webb.[15] This centres on Lottie, the smallest girl in the original story, who is now 10 and learning about the Suffragettes. Sara makes some brief appearances.

Games

Notes and References

  1. Wordsworth edition of A Little Princess.
  2. Web site: Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children . National Education Association . 2007. 22 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20080607163723/http://www.nea.org/readacross/resources/catalist.html . 7 June 2008.
  3. Web site: Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results . Bird, Elizabeth . A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com) . July 7, 2012.
  4. Web site: Emma Brown by Clare Boylan – Reviews, Books. The Independent. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090521161052/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/emma-brown-by-clare-boylan-579707.html . 21 May 2009.
  5. Gruner . Elisabeth Rose . Cinderella, Marie Antoinette, and Sara: Roles and Role Models in A Little Princess . The Lion and the Unicorn . The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1998 . 22 . 2 . 163–187 . 10.1353/uni.1998.0025 .
  6. Shaw. Albert. The Season's Books for Children. The American Monthly Review of Reviews. Review of Reviews Company. 32. July–December 1905. 764.
  7. Brown. Marian E.. 1988. Three Versions of A Little Princess: How the Story Developed. Children's Literature in Education. 19. 4. 119–210. 10.1007/BF01128141. 144166868.
  8. Web site: PRINCIPESSINA - Film (1943) . 2023-01-23 . ComingSoon.it . it.
  9. Web site: 「 小公女 」2本 - HARIKYU'S CAMERA CLUB 「BLOG 」 . 2023-01-24 . goo blog . ja.
  10. Web site: A Little Princess, the Musical by Rockwell, Rose and Brooke . alittleprincessthemusical .
  11. Web site: A Little Princess The Musical . A Little Princess – The Musical . 15 January 2013 . 21 December 2016.
  12. http://www.alittleprincessthemusical.co.uk/ "A Little Princess: a new musical version by Marc Folan & Adam Boden"
  13. http://www.alittleprincessnyc.com/ A Little Princess The Musical Off-Broadway and US Premiere
  14. Book: McKay, Hilary.. Wishing for tomorrow: the sequel to a little princess. 2009. Margaret K. McElderry Books. Maland, Nick,, Burnett, Frances Hodgson, 1849-1924.. 978-1-4424-0169-3. New York. 987007186.
  15. Web site: The Princess and the Suffragette by Holly Webb - TheBookbag.co.uk book review . 2023-11-21 . www.thebookbag.co.uk.