Sapindoideae Explained

Sapindoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It includes a number of fruit trees, including lychees, longans, rambutans, and quenepas.

Tribes and genera

This follows the updated classification of Buerki et al.^[1]

Tribe Athyaneae

Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type: Athyana

• Athyana (1 species; Peru, Bolivia, Argentina)
• Diatenopteryx (2; Southern South America)

Tribe Blomieae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type: Blomia

• Blomia (1 species; Mexico, Guatemala and Belize)

Tribe Bridgesieae

Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type: Bridgesia

• Bridgesia (1 species; Chile)

Tribe Cupanieae

Blume (1857). Type: Cupania

• Alectryon (25 species; Malesia, Australasia and Micronesia)
• Arytera
  (c. 28; India, Southeast Asia to Australasia)
• Castanospora (1; Australia)
• Cnesmocarpon (1; Australia, Papua New Guinea)
• Cupania (c. 50; Neotropical)
• Cupaniopsis (60; Malesia to Australasia)
• Dictyoneura (2–3; Malesia, Philippines, Australia)
• Diploglottis (12; Australia, Papua New Guinea)
• Elattostachys (c. 20; Malesia, Australasia)
• Eurycorymbus (1 species; China)
• Gloeocarpus (1; Philippines)
• Gongrodiscus (3; New Caledonia)
• Gongrospermum (3; Philippines)
• Guioa (c. 64; Southeastern Asia to Australasia)
• Jagera (2; Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia)
• Lecaniodiscus (2; Tropical Africa)
• Lepiderema (8; Australia, New Guinea)
• Lepidocupania (21; western tropical Pacific)
• Lepidopetalum (6; Malesia, Australia)
• Matayba (c. 50; Neotropical)
• Mischarytera (3; Australia, Papua New Guinea)
• Mischocarpus ((c. 15; Southeastern Asia to Australia)
• Molinaea (c. 10; Madagascar and Mascarenes Islands)
• Neoarytera (4; New Caledonia and Vanuatu)
• Pentascyphus (1; French Guiana, Surinam, Brazil)
• Podonephelium (4; New Caledonia)
• Rhysotoechia (c. 14; Australia, Malesia)
• Sarcopteryx (12-13; Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea)
• Sarcotoechia (c. 11; Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea)
• Scyphonychium (1; Brazil, French Guiana)
• Storthocalyx (4; New Caledonia)
• Synima (2; Australia, New Guinea)
• Tina (19; Madagascar)
• Toechima (c. 8; Australia, New Guinea)
• Trigonachras (8; Non-Javanese Malesia & Lesser Sunda)
• Vouarana (2; Costa Rica to Brazil)

Tribe Guindilieae

Buerki, Callm. & Acev.‐Rodr. (2021). Type: Guindilia

• Guindilia (3 species; Southern South America)

Tribe Haplocoeleae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type: Haplocoelum

• Blighiopsis (1 species; Central Africa)
• Haplocoelum (c. 7; Tropical Africa and Madagascar)

Tribe Koelreuterieae

Radlk. (1890). Type: Koelreuteria

• Erythrophysa (5 species; South Africa, Madagascar — synonym Erythrophysopsis ^[2])
• Koelreuteria (c. 4; Eastern Asia)
• Stocksia (1; Near East, Afghanistan)

Tribe Melicocceae

Blume (1847). Type: Melicoccus

• Dilodendron (3 species; Neotropical)
• Melicoccus (10; Dominican Republic, South America)
• Talisia (52; Southern Mexico to South America)
• Tripterodendron (1; Brazil)

Tribe Nephelieae

Radlk. (1890). Type: Nephelium

• Aporrhiza (4–6 species; Tropical Africa)
• Blighia (3; Tropical Africa)
• Chytranthus (25+; Western tropical Africa)
• Cubilia (1; Malesia)
• Dimocarpus (6; Southern Asia to Australia)
• Glenniea (8; Paleotropical)
• Haplocoelopsis (1; Central and East Africa)
• Laccodiscus (c. 6; West Africa)
• Litchi (1; Southeastern China to Malesia)
• Nephelium (c. 16; Southeastern Asia to Malesia)
• Otonephelium (1; Southern India)
• Pancovia (10–12; West Africa)
• Placodiscus (c. 10; Tropical Africa)
• Pometia (2; India and Pacific Islands)
• Radlkofera (1; Western Africa)
• Xerospermum (2; Bangladesh, Indochina to Eastern Malesia)

Tribe Paullinieae

(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type: Paullinia

• Cardiospermum (15 species; Pantropical)
• Lophostigma (2; Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
• Paullinia (c. 190; Neotropics & Africa)
• Serjania (c. 230; Neotropics — synonyms: Balsas ^[3] and Houssayanthus ^[4])
• Thinouia (c. 12; Central and South America)
• Urvillea (c. 15; Central and South America)

Tribe Sapindeae

(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type: Sapindus

• Alatococcus (1 species; Brazil)
• Atalaya (12; South Africa, Australia, Malesia)
• Deinbollia (c. 38; Southern Africa, Madagascar, Mascarene)
• Eriocoelum (10+; Tropical Africa)
• Hornea (1; Mauritius)
• Lepisanthes (c. 24; Paleotropics, Australia)
• Porocystis (2; Brazil, French Guiana)
• Pseudima (1; Continental neotropics)
• Sapindus (c. 10; Circumtropical)
• Thouinidium (6;| Central America & Greater Antilles)
• Toulicia (12; South America)
• Tristira (1;| Philippines, Moluccas, Celebes)
• Zollingeria (3-4; Indochina, Borneo)

Tribe Schleichereae

Radlk. (1890). Type: Schleichera

• Amesiodendron (1–3 species; Southern China to Sumatra)
• Paranephelium (4; Yunnan to Malesia)
• Pavieasia (1–3; China)
• Phyllotrichum (1; Laos)
• Schleichera (1; Sri Lanka and India to Malesia)
• Sisyrolepis (1; Thailand & Cambodia)

Tribe Stadmanieae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type: Stadmannia

• Beguea (1 species; Madagascar)
• Camptolepis (4; East Africa, Madagascar)
• Chouxia (6; Madagascar)
• Gereaua (1; Madagascar)
• Macphersonia (8; Aldabra, Madagascar, West Tropical Africa)
• Pappea (1; Southern Africa)
• Plagioscyphus (c. 10; Madagascar)
• Pseudopteris (3; Madagascar)
• Stadtmannia (6; East Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius)
• Tsingya (1; Madagascar)

Tribe Thouiniaeae

Blume (1847). Type: Thouinia

• Allophylastrum (1 species; Brazil, Guyana)
• Allophylus (211; Pantropical)
• Thouinia (c. 30; West indies, Central America)

Tribe Tristiropsideae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type: Tristiropsis

• Tristiropsis (3 species; Malesia & Australasia)

Tribe Ungnadieae

Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type: Ungnadia

• Delavaya (1 species; China)
• Ungnadia (1; Mexico, Texas)

Genera

Genera include:

Notes and References

1. Buerki S, Callmander MW, Acevedo-Rodriguez P, Lowry PP, Munzinger J, Bailey P, Maurin O, Brewer GE, Epitawalage N, Baker WJ, Forest F . An updated infra-familial classification of Sapindaceae based on targeted enrichment data . Am J Bot . 108 . 7 . 1234–51 . July 2021 . 34219219 . 8361682 . 10.1002/ajb2.1693 .
2. Verdcourt . B. . Bernard Verdcourt . 1962 . A new species of Erythrophysa E. Mey. ex Arn. (Sapindaceae) from Ethiopia . Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany . 58 . 372 . 201–5 . 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1962.tb00893.x.
3. Jiménez Ramírez . Jaime . Vega Flores . Karla . Cruz Durán . Ramiro . 2011 . Balsas (Sapindaceae), Género Nuevo de la Cuenca del Río Balsas en el Estado de Guerrero, México. Novon . 21 . 2 . 196–200 . 10.3417/2009010 . 85623165 .
4. Hunziker . A.T.. Armando Theodoro Hunziker . 1978 . Notas críticas sobre Sapindáceas Argentinas. III. Houssayanthus, genus novum Sapindacearum . es . Kurtziana . 11 . 7–24.