Bhadohi district explained

Sant Ravidas Nagar
Settlement Type:District of Uttar Pradesh
Total Type:Total
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: India
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Uttar Pradesh
Subdivision Type2:Division
Subdivision Name2:Mirzapur
Established Title:Established
Established Date:30 June 1994
Seat Type:Headquarters
Seat:Bhadohi
Parts Type:Tehsils
Parts Style:para
P1:3
Area Total Km2:1,015
Population As Of:2011
Population Total:1,578,213
Population Density Km2:auto
Demographics Type1:Language
Demographics1 Title1:Official
Demographics1 Info1:Hindi[1]
Demographics1 Title3:Regional
Demographics1 Info3:Bhojpuri
Demographics Type2:Demographics
Demographics2 Title1:Literacy
Demographics2 Info1:89.14%
Demographics2 Title2:Sex ratio
Demographics2 Info2:902
Leader Title:District Magistrate
Leader Name:Vishal Singh, IAS
Leader Title1:Lok Sabha constituencies
Leader Name1:Sant RaviDas Nagar
Leader Title2:Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Leader Name2:Vinod Kumar Bind
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+05:30
Registration Plate:UP-66
Blank Name Sec1:Major highways
Official Name:Sant Ravidas Nagar

Bhadohi district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.[2] It is also referred to as Sant Ravidas Nagar. It is the smallest district by area in the state of Uttar Pradesh which was created on June 30, 1994 by dividing western part of the district Varanasi.[3] It is surrounded by Varanasi district on east, Allahabad (now Prayagraj) on west, Jaunpur north and Mirzapur district in south. The state capital Lucknow is distanced at 234 KM from Bhadohi. Its district headquarters is situated in the city of Gyanpur. The district is popularly known for carpet weaving as it is one of largest centres of Carpet Industries in India and therefore it also known as the 'Carpet City of India'. Carpets of Bhadohi have 'Geographical Indication' tag attached to it. Bhadohi has huge geographical significance and position attached to it due to its location between two culturally important and rich heritage cities of Prayagraj and Varanasi.

History

Ancient period

See also: Sita Samahit Sthal. According to the epic Mahābhārata, the Pandavas escaped from Lakshagrah through a tunnel and took shelter here at a place called Semradhnath. It is also believed that Mata Sita, wife of Lord Rama, lived here in the ashram of Maharshi Valmiki when she was abandoned by Lord Rama, and also that Lav and Kush the twin sons of Lord Rama were born in this ashram only. Once, followed by fake accuses of public and Lord Rama's request to prove her purity once again Mata Sita in grief immersed herself in the lap of goddess Earth.

Medieval period

Bhadohi supposedly gets its name from Bhar Raj of the region which had Bhadohi as its capital, whose traces can be found in the names of ruined mounds and old tanks named after the Bhar rulers, a tributary of Kannauj kingdom, which in the early medieval period was included in the Kingdom of Jaunpur.

During the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar, Bhadohi was made a dastur and included in the sarkar of Allahabad.

By the fifteenth century the Bhar were overpowered by Monas Rajputs with Sagar Rai as the first head of the clan, and his grandson, Jodh Rai received it as a zamindari sanad (deed) from Mughal Emperor Shah-e-Jahan.

However around 1750 AD due to non-payment of land revenue arrears, Raja Pratap Singh of Pratapgarh, in lieu of his paying the arrears gave the entire pargana to Balwant Singh of Benaras, subsequently he received it directly under a sanad from Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh under British influence in 1770 AD.

In 1911, Bhadohi came under first Maharaja of the newly created princely state of Benares ruled by Maharaja Prabhu Narayan Singh and it remained with Benaras till 1947.[4] [5] [6]

Saint Ravidas

Sant Ravi Das, known as Raidas also, was one of the twelve pupils of Saint Ramanand. The devotee of ‘Nirgun Brahama’. Raidas never discriminated between Hindus and Muslims. He established the ‘Raidasi Sampradaya’. The region is also linked with Sant Ravidas, after whom the district has been given the name Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi).

Modern period

Bhadohi was created on 30 June 1994 as the 65th district of the State. It was part of Varanasi district prior to its creation.

The Mayawati government changed this district's name from Bhadohi to Sant Ravidas Nagar (S.R.N.). The Akhilesh Yadav government resolved on 6 December 2014 to change the name back to Bhadohi.[7]

Geography

This district is situated in the plains of the Ganges River, which forms the southwestern border of the district. Ganges, Varuna and Morva are the main rivers. The district is surrounded by Jaunpur district to the north, Varanasi district to the east, Mirzapur district to the south, and Prayagraj district to the west. With an area of 1055.99 km² Bhadohi is the smallest district of Uttar Pradesh area wise. Bhoganw and Rampur are famous ghats in Bhadohi, and also there are many divine temples in Bhadohi, namely: Sita Samahit Sthal (Sitamarhi), Semradhnath Mahadev Dham, Baba Harihar Nath Mandir, Baba Doodhnath Mandir, Ghopaila Devi Mandir (Gyanpur), Chakwa Mahaveer Hanuman Mandir, Baba Bade Shiv Mandir (Gopiganj), Bhadreshwar Mahadev Mandir, Maa Kamakhya Dham (Uchetha Village), Baba Pandwa Nath Mandir (Kaulapur), Shiv Mandir (Sundarpur), ShreeRam Mandir (Kaulapur), Shani Dham, Baba Tileshwarnath Mandir (Tilanga village), Bhadrakali temple, and Baba Gangeshwarnath Dham (Itahara Uparwar Village) Khorabeer Maharaj(Bhagavanpur) Baba KabutarNath Mandir Gopiganj Anjahi Mohal.

Divisions

This district is divided into three tehsils, Aurai Tehsil, Bhadohi and Gyanpur, and six blocks,[8] Bhadohi, Suriyawan, Gyanpur, Deegh, Abholi[9] and Aurai.[10]

There are 1075 populated villages and 148 non-populated villages, along with 79 nyay-panchayat and 489 gram panchayats in the district. The district has nine geographically divided police stations namely - Aurai, Bhadohi, Chauri, Durgaganj, Gopiganj, Koirauna, Gyanpur, Oonj and Suriyawan In urban area there are seven statutory Towns and four Census Town. Statutory Towns are two Nagar Palika Parishad and five Nagar Panchayats.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Bhadohi district had a population of 1,578,213,[11] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon[12] or the US state of Hawaii.[13] This gives it a ranking of 320th in India (out of a total of 640).[11] The district has a population density of 1531PD/sqkm.[11] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.81%.[11] Bhadohi has a sex ratio of 950 females for every 1000 males,[11] and a literacy rate of 89.14%. 14.53% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 22.37% of the population.[11]

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 66.38% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 18.34% Bhojpuri, 13.01% Awadhi and 2.17% Urdu as their first language.[14]

TehsilHindiAwadhiBhojpuriUrdu
Bhadohi70.52%14.26%10.29%4.79%
Gyanpur75.50%18.83%4.99%0.58%
Aurai49.32%3.92%45.90%0.82%

Economy

Bhadohi carpets

Carpet weaving in Bhadohi-Mirzapur region dates back to the 16th century, during the reign of Mughal Emperor, Akbar[2] and is believed to have established when centuries ago, some Iranian master weavers stopped at Madhosingh village, near Khamaria, in Bhadohi while travelling in India, and subsequently set up looms here.

The present day Bhadohi district is biggest carpet manufacturing centres in India, most known for its hand-knotted carpet. While the Mirzapur-Bhadohi region has the largest number of weavers involved in handmade carpet weaving cluster, engaging around 3.2 million people in the industry, Bhadohi alone employs 2.2 million rural artisans in its 100 percent export-oriented industry.[2] Bhadohi based organisations account for about 75% of the Rs 44 billion of total carpet exports from India, The annual turnover of carpet exports from Bhadohi was Rs 25 billion (approx) in 2010.

In 2010, the carpets of the region received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which means carpets manufactured in nine districts of the region, Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Sonebhadra, Kaushambi, Allahabad, Jaunpur and Chandauli would be tagged with 'handmade carpet of Bhadohi'. Most of the production is aimed at foreign countries.[15]

Well-known carpet types from Bhadohi include cotton Dhurries, Chhapra Mir carpets, Abusan, Persian, Loribaft, Indo Gabbeh but also Nepalese carpets and more recent shaggy type carpets. They are manufactured in various qualities.

Bhadohi received a major boost in November 2018 as the government has extended the 'export excellence' tag to it. Under the 'Towns of Export Excellence' tag, carpet makers of the city will get financial assistance from the central government to procure modern machines, improve export infrastructure, and organise fairs and exhibitions in different parts of the world to attract global buyers. Bhadohi will be the 37th town in India to get this status. The tag would help put the carpet city on the world map.

Notable Personalities from Bhadohi

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 52nd Report of the Commissioners for Linguistic Minorities in India . nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. 26 December 2018. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf. 25 May 2017.
  2. Web site: District Census Handbook . 13 August 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161114091551/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0967_PART_B_DCHB_SANT%20RAVIDAS%20NAGAR%20(BHADOHI).pdf . 14 November 2016. Directorate of Census Operations (Uttar Pradesh).
  3. Web site: How to Reach District Bhadohi, Government of Uttar Pradesh India . 2024-04-04 . en-US.
  4. Book: Encyclopaedia of Human Geography (Set of 3 Vols.). 2005. Anmol Publications. 81-261-2444-X. 107.
  5. Book: Bayly, Christopher Alan . Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870. 1988. CUP Archive. 0-521-31054-7. 103.
  6. Web site: Historical Background of Bhadohi Carpet Industry. Shodhganga.
  7. Web site: Sant Ravidas Nagar district to be renamed as Bhadohi. India TV. 16 January 2017. 7 December 2014.
  8. Web site: wikivillage.in. Suraj. Mishra.
  9. http://www.wikivillage.in/block/uttar-pradesh/sant-ravidas-nagar/abholi Abholi
  10. http://www.wikivillage.in/block/uttar-pradesh/sant-ravidas-nagar/aurai Aurai
  11. Web site: 2011 . District Census Handbook: Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi). censusindia.gov.in . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  12. Web site: US Directorate of Intelligence . Country Comparison:Population . https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html . dead . 13 June 2007 . 2011-10-01 . Gabon 1,576,665 .
  13. Web site: 2010 Resident Population Data. U. S. Census Bureau. 2011-09-30. Hawaii 1,360,301 .
  14. Web site: Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh. www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. News: Famed Bhadohi carpet gets GI tag. https://web.archive.org/web/20121105034702/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-09/varanasi/28226568_1_bhadohi-mirzapur-bhadohi-carpet-carpet-manufacturers-association. dead. 5 November 2012. The Times of India. 9 September 2010.